ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, the right to health has a constitutional and universal provision. However, the judicial route has been widely used to access health goods and services. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lawsuits of medicines filed by citizens of a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: Quantitative and retrospective study evaluating 652 lawsuits filed in 2016 conducted in Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The information was made available by the State Department of Health. RESULTS: 55.5% of lawsuits filed were related to drugs provided by the public health system Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). 44.5% did not fit into the guidelines of the Brazilian Policy for Pharmaceutical Services. Most of the lawsuits were filed by women over 60 years old. Regarding the therapeutic classification, the most requested drugs were for the nervous system. The most described pathological condition according to the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) was Diabetes Mellitus. CONCLUSION: These data corroborate the situation found in other parts of the country, demonstrating the need to reorganize the Pharmaceutical Service Policy to ensure universal and equitable access to medicines, as described in the Federal Constitution.
INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, o direito à saúde tem previsão constitucional e universal. No entanto, a via judicial tem sido muito usada para acessar bens e serviços de saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar as demandas judiciais de medicamentos movidas por cidadãos de um município brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo e retrospectivo que avaliou 652 ações judiciais no ano de 2016 em Uruguaiana, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As informações foram disponibilizadas pela Secretaria de Saúde estadual. RESULTADOS: 55,5% das demandas estavam relacionados a medicamentos fornecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). 44,5% não se enquadravam em nenhum dos componentes da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica do Brasil. A maioria dos processos foram movidos por mulheres acima de 60 anos. Em relação à classificação terapêutica, os medicamentos mais solicitados foram para o Sistema Nervoso. A condição patológica mais descrita, segundo o CID-10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças) foi Diabetes Mellitus. CONCLUSÃO: Tais dados corroboram com a situação encontrada em outras partes do país, demonstrando a necessidade de reorganização da Assistência Farmacêutica para garantir o acesso universal e equitativo aos medicamentos, conforme descrito na Constituição Federal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Judicial Decisions , Health's Judicialization , Pharmaceutical Services , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
Quinine, a treatment used in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, was loaded into poly(É-caprolactone) or Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules using Curcuma oil as the oil-based core. Until now, the effect of cationic nanocapsules on malaria has not been reported. A 24 factorial design was adopted using, as independent variables, the concentration of Curcuma oil, presence of quinine, type of polymer, and aqueous surfactant. Diameter, zeta potential, and pH were the responses studied. The formulations were also evaluated for drug content, encapsulation efficiency, photostability, and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The type of polymer influenced all of the responses studied. Quinine-loaded Eudragit® RS100 (F13) and PCL nanocapsules (F9), both with polysorbate 80 coating, showed nanometric particle size, positive zeta potential, neutral pH, high drug content, and quinine photoprotection ability; thus, these nanocapsules were selected for in vivo tests. Both formulations showed lower levels of parasitemia from the beginning of the experiment (5.78 ± 3.60 and 4.76 ± 3.46% for F9 and F13, respectively) and highest survival mean time (15.3 ± 2.0 and 14.9 ± 5.6 days for F9 and F13, respectively). F9 and F13 showed significant survival curve compared to saline, thus demonstrating that nanoencapsulation improved bioefficacy of QN and co-encapsulated curcuminoids, regardless of the surface charge.
