ACE Gene Plays a Key Role in Reducing Blood Pressure in The Hyperintensive Elderly After Resistance Training.

Montrezol, FT, Marinho, R, Mota, GdFAd, D'almeida, V, de Oliveira, EM, Gomes, RJ, and Medeiros, A. ACE gene plays a key role in reducing blood pressure in the hyperintensive elderly after resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 1119-1129, 2019-Hypertension is a difficult disease to control and exercise training plays a key role in hypertension control. Some individuals are not responsive to exercise training; so, we highlight the polymorphism of I allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a factor responsible for this lack of responsiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ACE insertion/deletion genotypes on effects of resistance training on blood pressure (BP) and chronic inflammation. Eighty-six hypertensive volunteers, aged between 60 and 80, were evaluated. They performed 16 weeks of resistance training at 50% of 1 maximal repetition. The greatest benefits were seen on homozygous of the Insertion allele, whom presented reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP: 129.31 ± 13.34 vs. 122.56 ± 9.68 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP: 79.18 ± 8.05 vs. 70.12 ± 7.71 mm Hg, p < 0.01) during daytime period, and in 24-hour period (SBP: 127.12 ± 13.65 vs. 121.06± 9.68 mm Hg, p < 0.001 and DBP: 71.87 ± 8.39 vs. 68.75 ± 8.72 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and also increased circulating adiponectin levels (4.04 ± 1.79 vs. 6.00 ± 2.81 ng·ml, p < 0.01). Other genotypes showed no changes in BP and biochemical parameters. Our results suggest a cardio protective factor of I allele because only those homozygous showed reductions in BP and increases in adiponectin.

Effects of manual resistance training and free weight resistance training on postexercise blood pressure in hypertensive men: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Manual resistance training (MRT) is a low cost and practically applicable alternative form of resistance training that is ideal for weight rooms with limited equipment. The aim of this study was to compare the acute and subacute hemodynamic responses between MRT and free weight resistance training (FWRT) in normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) men. METHODS: Twenty-six untrained men performed a single bout of MRT and FWRT with a minimum 72-hour rest in between. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) were measured, and double product (DP) was calculated. Variables were assessed at different time points: SBP, DBP and MBP (pre- and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes postexercise); DP (half-time and postintervention). RESULTS: The blood pressure values (BP) were greater in HT men in all analyses and interventions. BP responses were similar between MRT and FWRT in both groups of men. In HT men, there was postexercise hypotension (PEH) after 15, 30 and 60 minutes in MBP measured for both interventions. The DP was greater for the MRT intervention, but within the cardiovascular safety limits. CONCLUSIONS: MRT induces PEH in similar levels to FWRT in HT men. Therefore, MRT is a viable and safe alternative for application of FWRT in NT and HT men, reducing the need for expensive equipment.

Ultrastructural alterations in colon absorptive cells of alloxan-induced diabetic rats submitted to long-term physical training.

Absorptive cells have notable importance for proper function of the colon, absorbing water and nutrients. In type I diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to remarkable alterations in cell structure. In absorptive cells, such changes may impair the function of the organ as a whole. Also, the effects of physical training, which plays crucial role in the treatment of diabetes, are not yet known in these cells. For this reason, to analyze the changes in colon epithelial absorptive cells of diabetic rats and the effects of physical training, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). The training protocol consisted of swimming for 60 min a day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Colon samples were collected, processed, and evaluated by histochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Although histochemical analysis did not reveal major differences, significant morphological differences were ultrastructurally observed among groups, especially related to the structure of tight junctions, interdigitations, and microvilli, which became longer in diabetics, and whose length was reduced after physical training, as proved by statistical analysis. There were no relevant changes in organelles. Thus, the development of type I diabetes can lead to changes at ultrastructural level that, even subtle, may cause important alterations in cell function. The practice of physical training, in turn, proved to be an important ally in the treatment of such changes. However, it cannot be used singly for treating this disease, requiring the combined practice of other methods.

Morphology and protein content of hepatocytes in type I diabetic rats submitted to physical exercises.

The importance of physical exercise practice in the treatment of diabetes has been reported in many studies recently, but only limited data can be found regarding its benefits on liver morphology and protein content of hepatocytes. In order to assess the changes arising from the development of type I diabetes and the benefits of a training protocol, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD) and trained diabetic (TD). The training protocol consisted of swimming for 60 min a day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks. Liver samples were collected, processed and analyzed by histochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Biochemical tests were also conducted to examine the protein content and quantity of DNA in the liver. In morphological assessment, the presence of areas of cytoplasmic basophilia observed in control subjects was not visualized in sedentary diabetics. It was related to differences in the amount of mitochondria in the cytosol. The mitochondrial structure has not undergone relevant changes, and the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns was clearly inferior in sedentary diabetics, suggesting lower protein production. However, the biochemical analysis of protein content indicated no statistical differences between groups. The exercise, in turn, was not responsible for major changes in these characteristics. On the whole, the morphological damages arising from type I diabetes were noteworthy. Nevertheless, regular physical training was not responsible for significant improvements in some respects, making evident the need for combined application of a distinct form of treatment.