Estudio comparado de dos selladores (Yodo y solución electrolizada pH neutro) para prevenir mastitis en ganado Holstein / Comparative study of two sealants (Iodine and pH neutral electrolyzed solution) to prevent mastitis in Holstein cattle

Es importante en sistemas de producción, determinar la presencia de mastitis su control para garantizar la calidad, lo que puede realizarse a través del conteo celular somático (CCS). En vacas con ubres sanas, es menor de 200,000 células/ml. La mastitis es factor de influencia en el CCS y cualquier medida para su prevención, favorece la calidad de la leche, como es el sellado de pezones después del ordeño. Considerando que los microorganismos patógenos generan resistencia a los desinfectantes, representa un reto contar con alternativas para su control, como las soluciones de superoxidación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la eficacia de dos selladores yodo vs solución electrolizada superoxidada de pH neutro fase semisólida (gel), para prevenir mastitis en ganado Holstein. El trabajo se realizó en Uruétaro, municipio de Tarímbaro Michoacán. El periodo de estudio fue 21 días. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por 32 vacas, considerando número de parto menor a 4 y menor a 305 días en leche. La población objetivo fue de 10 animales, los cuales se distribuyeron al azar en dos grupos. Al grupo 1 se le aplicó yodo y al grupo 2 con gel (100 ml 25 mg cloruro de sodio). Después del ordeño, se procedió a sellar los pezones. Se realizaron 4 muestreos diagnósticos seriados con la técnica de Winsconsin (WMT), con intervalo de 7 días. Los resultados fueron analizados con un diseño completamente al azar utilizando la metodología de mínimos cuadrados generalizados. Las variables consideradas fueron: CCS, producción, número de lactancia y días en leche. El comportamiento de los tratamientos con respecto al inicio y al final del periodo de observación se encontró que el CCS fue de 60.8 por ciento más con respecto al inicio cuando se utilizó el yodo y -42.2 por ciento con el gel. El yodo mostró menos eficacia en relación con gel (p menor que 0.01), observando que el yodo, disminuye su eficacia para el control de CCS en ...

Cartilaginous behavior in nasal surgery: a comparative observational study.

Cartilaginous autografts, either from the ribs, auricular concha, nasal septum, or even the alar cartilages, are some of the most widely used materials in nasal surgery. Nevertheless, no comparative study exists on these four cartilages in which their physicoelastic properties are analyzed based on their histological architecture and their function within the organism. The studies that do exist on structure and classification of cartilages differ widely. In this study, cartilage specimens obtained from the nasal septum, rib, auricular pavilion, and alar of 7 fresh cadavers were analyzed. They were subjected to special tincturing to be able to histologically observe their architecture, cellularity, intercellular substance, the relationship between cellularity and intercellular substance, the primary components of the matrix, and the distribution of fibers. Many similarities were found among the septal, costal, and alar cartilages. All three exhibit little cellularity and much intercellular substance. The intercellular substance is made up of homogeneously distributed collagen fibers. Auricular cartilage has many cells and little intercellular substance, being made up of irregularly distributed elastic fibers. On the basis of these findings, we propose a simpler classification and make recommendations for the use of these four cartilages in nasal surgery.

The use of ciprofloxacin in veterinary proprietary products of enrofloxacin.

A 3-mo chemical surveillance of 5 proprietary products of enrofloxacin for veterinary use was carried out. In all, 50 samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Only the original brand of enrofloxacin (BAYTRIL) contained 5% of the drug while the 40 samples from the other 4 products contained 7.5% ciprofloxacin. A word of caution is given for the indiscriminate use of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine.

Analysis of the Lowtran transmission functions.

The empirical transmission functions for molecular absorption in the widely used computer code called Lowtran are analyzed from a computerized numerical approach. Continuous functions are first adapted to the empirical functions, and then the absorber and spectral parameters are determined simultaneously for transmittance data in the major absorption bands of H(2)O, O(3), and the uniformly mixed gases. The analysis indicates that the transmission function parameters for Lowtran may be easily, and accurately, redetermined using numerical methods. This opens the possibility for code extensions to other absorbers, frequencies, spectral resolutions, absorber concentrations, as well as to recent transmittance measurements on the major absorbers.

Approximation to the Lorentzian coefficient for efficient calculation of transmittance profiles.

A major problem in the calculation of line-by-line profiles of atmospheric transmittance lies in the excessive computational times associated with the evaluation of the Lorentzian coefficient for every gas, wavenumber, line, temperature, and pressure along the path. An approach to the solution of this problem is presented, whereby use is made of an approximating function that allows for the quantities involving temperature and pressure to be factored out of the wavenumber-dependent terms. Although the approximating function is restricted to wavenumbers farther than about a line halfwidth at STP from the line center, a numerical procedure is presented for dealing with the remaining few cases. This approach results in a significant reduction in the number of arithmetic operations from the use of the exact coefficient and generally yields a transmittance with a numerical accuracy of four significant figures or better. An application is made to five Nimbus 6 center-filter frequencies in the 4.3-mum CO(2) band for H(2)O, CO(2), N(2)O, and CO in a 33-level atmosphere with average computational times reduced by a factor of over 9.