Efficacy of fish oil on serum of TNF α , IL-1 ß , and IL-6 oxidative stress markers in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1b.

UNLABELLED: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to focal plaques of demyelination and tissue injury in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress is also thought to promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Current research findings suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapenta-enoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and disease progression in MS. 50 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were enrolled. The experimental group received orally 4 g/day of fish oil for 12 months. The primary outcome was serum TNF α levels; secondary outcomes were IL-1 ß 1b, IL-6, nitric oxide catabolites, lipoperoxides, progression on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and annualized relapses rate (ARR). Fish oil treatment decreased the serum levels of TNF α , IL-1 ß , IL-6, and nitric oxide metabolites compared with placebo group (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in serum lipoperoxide levels during the study. No differences in EDSS and ARR were found. CONCLUSION: Fish oil supplementation is highly effective in reducing the levels of cytokines and nitric oxide catabolites in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

Possible patient early diagnosis by ultrasonic noninvasive estimation of thermal gradients into tissues based on spectral changes modeling.

To achieve a precise noninvasive temperature estimation, inside patient tissues, would open promising research fields, because its clinic results would provide early-diagnosis tools. In fact, detecting changes of thermal origin in ultrasonic echo spectra could be useful as an early complementary indicator of infections, inflammations, or cancer. But the effective clinic applications to diagnosis of thermometry ultrasonic techniques, proposed previously, require additional research. Before their implementations with ultrasonic probes and real-time electronic and processing systems, rigorous analyses must be still made over transient echotraces acquired from well-controlled biological and computational phantoms, to improve resolutions and evaluate clinic limitations. It must be based on computing improved signal-processing algorithms emulating tissues responses. Some related parameters in echo-traces reflected by semiregular scattering tissues must be carefully quantified to get a precise processing protocols definition. In this paper, approaches for non-invasive spectral ultrasonic detection are analyzed. Extensions of author's innovations for ultrasonic thermometry are shown and applied to computationally modeled echotraces from scattered biological phantoms, attaining high resolution (better than 0.1 °C). Computer methods are provided for viability evaluation of thermal estimation from echoes with distinct noise levels, difficult to be interpreted, and its effectiveness is evaluated as possible diagnosis tool in scattered tissues like liver.

Piezocomposites of complex microstructure: theory and experimental assessment of the coupling between phases.

A new theoretical framework is presented for the study of the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of two-phase piezoelectric composite materials of complex microstructure. These kinds of materials are usually analyzed by means of averaging models. This paper begins with basic thermodynamic relations and obtains new general constitutive equations for a two-phase composite. These new constitutive equations consider in a general and novel way the dielectric and elastic interactions between the two components and provide a method of measuring or calculating these interactions, as well as their influence on the global behavior of the composite. Some measurements of the dielectric, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of 3-3 and 0-3 composites are presented and compared with the results of both this new approach and an averaging model.