Functional Relevance of the Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Regulator of Reprogramming (Linc-ROR) in Cancer Proliferation, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance.

Cancer is responsible for more than 10 million deaths every year. Metastasis and drug resistance lead to a poor survival rate and are a major therapeutic challenge. Substantial evidence demonstrates that an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in cancer, including the long intergenic non-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR), which mostly exerts its role as an onco-lncRNA acting as a competing endogenous RNA that sequesters micro RNAs. Although the properties of linc-ROR in relation to some cancers have been reviewed in the past, active research appends evidence constantly to a better comprehension of the role of linc-ROR in different stages of cancer. Moreover, the molecular details and some recent papers have been omitted or partially reported, thus the importance of this review aimed to contribute to the up-to-date understanding of linc-ROR and its implication in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. As the involvement of linc-ROR in cancer is elucidated, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote and advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.

Emerging role of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) originates in the squamous cell lining the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, nasopharynx, tonsils, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The heterogeneity, anatomical, and functional characteristics of the patient make the HNSCC a complex and difficult-to-treat disease, leading to a poor survival rate and a decreased quality of life due to the loss of important physiologic functions and aggressive surgical injury. Alteration of driver-oncogenic and tumor-suppressing lncRNAs has recently been recently in HNSCC to obtain possible biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. This review provides current knowledge about the implication of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in HNSCC. Chemotherapy resistance is a major therapeutic challenge in HNSCC in which lncRNAs are implicated. Lately, it has been shown that lncRNAs involved in autophagy induced by chemotherapy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can act as mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs. Conversely, lncRNAs involved in mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are related to chemosensitivity and inhibition of invasiveness of drug-resistant cells. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in both processes and are important for cancer detection, progression, diagnosis, therapy response, and prognostic values. As the involvement of more lncRNAs is elucidated in chemoresistance mechanisms, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote an advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.

[Aortoenteric fistulas: clinical presentation and helical computed tomography findings]. / Fístulas aortoentéricas: presentación clínica y hallazgos por tomografía computarizada helicoidal.

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is an uncommon complication of abdominal aorta aneurysms. They are divided into two types: primary AEF due to a spontaneous communication of the lumen of an aortic aneurysm and an intestinal loop, usually the duodenum, and secondary AEF, which are more common and occur in patients who have undergone surgical repair of aneurysms with prosthetic implants. The most frequent presenting sign of AEF is upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical suspicion is essential in the diagnostic approach to AEF and the most commonly used techniques for its diagnosis are endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). However, it is not unusual for the results of these techniques to be negative and for the diagnosis to be made at surgery. We present three cases of AEF (one primary) with distinct patterns of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in which preoperative diagnosis was allowed by clinical and helical CT findings. We discuss the role of this technique in the diagnosis of this entity and describe the findings that allow AEF to be suspected or confirmed.

Fístulas aortoentéricas: presentación clínica y hallazgos por tomografía computarizada helicoidal / Aortoenteric fistulas: clinical presentation and helical computed tomography findings

Las fístulas aortoentéricas son una complicación infrecuente de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Se dividen en 2 tipos: primarias, debidas a la comunicación espontánea de la luz de un aneurisma aórtico y un asa intestinal, principalmente el duodeno, y secundarias, más frecuentes que las anteriores, que ocurren en pacientes intervenidos de reparación quirúrgica de aneurismas con implantación de prótesis. El signo clínico de presentación más frecuente de las fístulas aortoentéricas es una hemorragia digestiva alta. La sospecha clínica supone un pilar fundamental en la aproximación diagnóstica de las fístulas aortoentéricas, y la endoscopia y la tomografía computarizada son las técnicas más usadas para su diagnóstico, aunque no es infrecuente que estas técnicas sean negativas y se realice el diagnóstico en la cirugía. Presentamos 3 casos de fístulas aortoentéricas (una de ellas primaria) con diferentes patrones de hemorragia digestiva alta, en los que el contexto clínico y los hallazgos de tomografía computarizada helicoidal permitieron su diagnóstico preoperatorio; discutimos el papel de esta técnica para el diagnóstico, y describimos los diferentes hallazgos que permiten sospechar o confirmar una fístula aortoentérica

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is an uncommon complication of abdominal aorta aneurysms. They are divided into two types: primary AEF due to a spontaneous communication of the lumen of an aortic aneurysm and an intestinal loop, usually the duodenum, and secondary AEF, which are more common and occur in patients who have undergone surgical repair of aneurysms with prosthetic implants. The most frequent presenting sign of AEF is upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical suspicion is essential in the diagnostic approach to AEF and the most commonly used techniques for its diagnosis are endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). However, it is not unusual for the results of these techniques to be negative and for the diagnosis to be made at surgery. We present three cases of AEF (one primary) with distinct patterns of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in which preoperative diagnosis was allowed by clinical and helical CT findings. We discuss the role of this technique in the diagnosis of this entity and describe the findings that allow AEF to be suspected or confirmed

Insuficiencia hepática aguda en pacientes en tratamiento con metotrexato / Acute liver failure in a patient with methotrexate therapy

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[Crohn's disease and ascites]. / Enfermedad de Crohn y ascitis.

Crohn's disease is not usually included among the causes of ascites. Although cases of Crohn's disease presenting as ascites have occasionally been described, the appearance of ascites during follow-up, with no relationship with other complications of the disease, such as thrombosis of the suprahepatic veins, has not been previously described. We present the case of a 36-year-old female patient with Crohn's disease who presented ascites during evolution. Evacuative paracenteses were required. No causes apart from Crohn's disease were found. Ascites followed a parallel course to acute episodes of this disease.

[Neuroendocrine tumor associated with acute pancreatitis]. / Tumor neuroendocrino asociado a pancreatitis aguda.

Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are uncommon neoplasms. They may remain symptomless for years, and are usually of late diagnosis. A women presenting with severe acute pancreatitis diagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumor after study by the pathologist of the tissue excised at laparotomy is presented.

[Mesenteric panniculitis. Apropos a case and a review of the literature]. / Paniculitis mesentérica. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

The case of a 35 year old female who had paraneoplasic syndrome during a period of one year, together with abdominal pain, is presented. Owing to the aforementioned, she was operated under the suspicion of lymphoma. The intraoperatory diagnosis was of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Physical examination showed important ascites and cachexia. Mild anemia and high sedimentation rate were found in blood test. A barium intestinal X-ray showed loop distention and a CT scan showed ascites and mesenteric thickening which were confirmed by a laparotomy. The histological study showed substantial cholagen and inflammatory infiltrate, together with giant cells of foreign body type. The different clinical presentations were reviewed as well as diagnoses, treatments, and the evolution of the disease.

[Giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver]. / Hemangioma cavernoso gigante hepático.

A new case is reported of hepatic giant cavernous hemangioma in a 51-year-old male. We consider the clinical, anatomopathologic and course data of this type of tumors. We discuss the diagnostic resources presently available and the therapeutic possibilities in this type of tumors.