Comparative of transcranial magnetic stimulation and other treatments in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), natalizumab (nata), dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and dexamethasone (DEX) on clinical score and oxidative stress produced by a single dose of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in tail of Dark Agouti rats was studied. TMS (60Hz and 0.7 mT), nata (5mg/kg), DMF (15mg/kg) and DEX (300µg/kg) was applied for 21 after the administration of MOG (150µg). We estimated clinical score, as well as lipid peroxides, carbonylated proteins and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio content in brain, spinal cord and blood. MOG triggered significant increase in clinical score and in the levels of lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins levels, but reduced GSH/GSSG ratio in brain, spinal cord and blood. Both TMS and clinical treatments, although TMS more significantly, decreased the changes caused by MOG administration. These results support the antioxidant and neuroprotective action of TMS, as well as an activity higher than other clinical treatments.

Alterations of protein expression in serum of infants with intrauterine growth restriction and different gestational ages.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased morbidity and metabolic anomalies in adults. The serum proteome of venous blood was compared in 43 IUGR and 45 adequate gestational age (AGA) infants, separated into three gestational age groups, "Very Preterm" 29-32weeks, "Moderate Preterm" 33-36w, and, "Term" ≥37weeks, in samples drawn three times from birth to 1month of life. After depleting the abundant serum proteins (ProteoMiner(TM)), expression changes were studied by 2-DE, image analysis (Proteomweaver 4.0(TM)), and identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Significant expression differences were found in thirty-four proteins, and thirty-three were identified. Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7), was detected exclusively in IUGR of all gestational ages and sampling times; seven other proteins were found only in AGA. Another twenty-five proteins had intensity changes ≥2.5 folds in IUGR: twenty were upregulated and five downregulated. Western blots confirmed the identification of several proteins: MBOAT7 increased 20.5-fold in IUGR, while AGA had 11.2-fold higher levels of SUMO3 and sumoylated proteins and 13.7-fold higher levels of APOL1. Upregulation of MBOAT7 in IUGR neonates could be an adaptive response to protect the brain from an adverse environment. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There are significant protein expression differences between IUGR and AGA at different gestational age groups and blood extraction times. The extensive upregulation of lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 in all IUGR gestational ages and extraction times might be an adaptative response to an adverse fetal environment, reminiscent of Barker's fetal programming theory. Two serotransferrins were also upregulated in IUGR of all gestational ages. Just at birth "Very Preterm" IUGR showed nine upregulated proteins, including five albumins, apolipoprotein E, keratin type I cytoskeletal 10, solute carrier family member 2 fragment, and anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2.