ABSTRACT
Fungal osteomyelitis, especially associated with septic arthritis, is uncommon in Brazil; therefore, sometimes it is difficult to diagnose and treat it. We report the case of a young patient, with no immunosuppressive risk factor, with osteomyelitis leading to septic arthritis of the hip. The diagnosis was performed after surgical drainage and visualization of Cryptococcus neoformans at pathological anatomy. Antifungal treatment resulted in complete remission of the symptoms. Since there is no consensus on the treatment of fungal osteomyelitis, this case report aims to inform orthopedists about the importance of hip arthritis differential diagnosis and the good evolution of clinical treatment after drainage and pathogen isolation.
ABSTRACT
The supracondylar humerus fracture is the most common elbow fracture in children, corresponding to 58% of these cases. The objective of this study is to report a rare postoperative complication, the pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery. A 9-year-old girl with was admitted with a Gartland III supracondylar fracture of the right humerus, presenting normal neurological and vascular exams. The patient underwent a surgical treatment with percutaneous fixation and immobilization and was re-evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks. In the last evaluation the immobilization and fixation were removed. She returned after 3 months, presenting a progressive palpable, painless mass in the 1/3 distal right arm. The arterial ultrasound showed a mass in the cubital fossa, which presented internal flow and some wall thrombi, compatible with pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery. After diagnosis, the treatment was a vascular surgery for dissection and reconstruction of the artery. The incidence of vascular involvement in Gartland III fractures ranges from 2% to 38%. False aneurysms originate from arterial hematomas caused by trauma to the arterial lumen, and their developing time can vary. There are few reports of this complication, so there is no consensus about the treatment.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects , Humeral Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Humeral Fractures/surgery , Aneurysm, False/etiology , Child , Female , Fracture Fixation, Internal/trends , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of patients with suspected physical abuse, especially regarding the occurrence of fractures, treated in a referral hospital. METHODS: The authors reviewed all reports of suspected abuse against children and adolescents (AACA) in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2015. They were assessed and separated by month and year. The characteristics of the victims of physical abuse with occurrence of fractures were studied. The features of the fractures were evaluated in those patients with available radiographs. RESULTS: Of the 3125 notifications, 500 were classified as physical injuries; of these, 63 had fractures. An annual progressive increase in notifications was observed. As for age group, 50 patients (80.6%) were up to three years old and 36 (58%) up to one year. Most were male (60%) and the likely aggressors were mother alone and both parents (27.5% each). In 30 patients with available images, fractures of long bones (femur, tibia, and humerus) predominated (71%), as well as a single fracture line (74%), diaphyseal location (73%), and a transverse line (57%). There were two deaths in fracture cases (3%). CONCLUSION: All orthopedists should be alert to suspected AACA in children with trauma below the age of three, even without classic signs of abuse.
OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos em hospital de referência com suspeita de maus-tratos físicos, em especial quanto à ocorrência de fraturas. MÉTODOS: Todas as notificações de suspeita de maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes (MTCAA) feitas entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2015 foram avaliadas e separadas por mês e ano. Dentre as vítimas de maus-tratos físicos, várias características dos pacientes que apresentavam fraturas foram avaliadas. Quando as radiografias estavam disponíveis, analisaram-se as características das fraturas. RESULTADOS: De 3.125 notificações, 500 foram classificadas como lesões físicas e dentre essas 63 apresentavam fraturas. Observou-se um aumento progressivo anual das notificações. Quanto à idade, 50 pacientes (80,6%) tinham até 3 anos e 36 (58%) até 1 ano. A maioria era do gênero masculino (60%) e o provável agressor era a mãe isoladamente e ambos os pais (27,5% cada). Em 30 pacientes com imagens disponíveis, predominaram as fraturas de ossos longos (fêmur, tíbia e úmero, 71%), únicas (74%), diafisárias (73%) e transversas (57%). Ocorreram dois de óbitos nos casos de fraturas (3%). CONCLUSÃO: Todos os ortopedistas devem estar alertas para suspeita de MTCAA em crianças com traumas abaixo de 3 anos, mesmo sem sinais clássicos de maus-tratos.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the epidemiological profile of patients with suspected physical abuse, especially regarding the occurrence of fractures, treated in a referral hospital. METHODS: The authors reviewed all reports of suspected abuse against children and adolescents (AACA) in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2015. They were assessed and separated by month and year. The characteristics of the victims of physical abuse with occurrence of fractures were studied. The features of the fractures were evaluated in those patients with available radiographs. RESULTS: Of the 3125 notifications, 500 were classified as physical injuries; of these, 63 had fractures. An annual progressive increase in notifications was observed. As for age group, 50 patients (80.6%) were up to three years old and 36 (58%) up to one year. Most were male (60%) and the likely aggressors were mother alone and both parents (27.5% each). In 30 patients with available images, fractures of long bones (femur, tibia, and humerus) predominated (71%), as well as a single fracture line (74%), diaphyseal location (73%), and a transverse line (57%). There were two deaths in fracture cases (3%). CONCLUSION: All orthopedists should be alert to suspected AACA in children with trauma below the age of three, even without classic signs of abuse.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem objetivo de avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos em hospital de referência com suspeita de maus-tratos físicos, em especial quanto à ocorrência de fraturas. MÉTODOS: Todas as notificações de suspeita de maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes (MTCAA) feitas entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2015 foram avaliadas e separadas por mês e ano. Dentre as vítimas de maus-tratos físicos, várias características dos pacientes que apresentavam fraturas foram avaliadas. Quando as radiografias estavam disponíveis, analisaram-se as características das fraturas. RESULTADOS: De 3.125 notificações, 500 foram classificadas como lesões físicas e dentre essas 63 apresentavam fraturas. Observou-se um aumento progressivo anual das notificações. Quanto à idade, 50 pacientes (80,6%) tinham até 3 anos e 36 (58%) até 1 ano. A maioria era do gênero masculino (60%) e o provável agressor era a mãe isoladamente e ambos os pais (27,5% cada). Em 30 pacientes com imagens disponíveis, predominaram as fraturas de ossos longos (fêmur, tíbia e úmero, 71%), únicas (74%), diafisárias (73%) e transversas (57%). Ocorreram dois de óbitos nos casos de fraturas (3%). CONCLUSÃO: Todos os ortopedistas devem estar alertas para suspeita de MTCAA em crianças com traumas abaixo de 3 anos, mesmo sem sinais clássicos de maus-tratos.
