ABSTRACT
Sleep is a fundamental state for maintaining the organism homeostasis. Disruptions in sleep patterns predispose to the appearance of memory impairments and mental disorders, including depression. Recent pre-clinical studies have highlighted the antidepressant-like properties of the synthetic compound 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran (SeBZF1). To further investigate the neuromodulatory effects of SeBZF1, this study aimed to assess its therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating neurobehavioral impairments induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in mice. For this purpose, a method known as multiple platforms over water was used to induce rapid eye movement (REM) SD. Two hours after acute SD (24 h), male Swiss mice received a single treatment of SeBZF1 (5 mg/kg, intragastric route) or fluoxetine (a positive control, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route). Subsequently, behavioral tests were conducted to assess spontaneous motor function (open-field test), depressive-like behavior (tail suspension test), and memory deficits (Y-maze test). Brain structures were utilized to evaluate oxidative stress markers, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Our findings revealed that SD animals displayed depressive-like behavior and memory impairments, which were reverted by SeBZF1 and fluoxetine treatments. SeBZF1 also reverted the increase in lipoperoxidation levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in the pre-frontal cortex in mice exposed to SD. Besides, the increase in hippocampal AChE activity induced by SD was overturned by SeBZF1. Lastly, cortical MAO-B activity was reestablished by SeBZF1 in mice that underwent SD. Based on the main findings of this study, it can be inferred that the compound SeBZF1 reverses the neurobehavioral alterations induced by sleep deprivation in male Swiss mice.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: sistematizar a experiência da parceria ensino-serviço na elaboração e aplicação de um jogo virtual sobre doação de órgãos e tecidos enquanto proposta de educação permanente em saúde. Método: sistematização de experiência, conduzida por análise documental, envolvendo o processo de elaboração e aplicação de uma prática educativa de gamification por estudantes, professores e profissionais da enfermagem, que desenvolveram a estratégia e aplicaram em um hospital universitário no Sul do Brasil em setembro de 2020. Resultados: ante o contexto sanitário imposto pela covid-19, o jogo virtual composto por 20 questões em torno do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes, enquanto estratégia de educação permanente em saúde, inspirou engajamento e motivação dos profissionais, que mostraram escasso conhecimento acerca da temática e avaliaram a estratégia como positiva. Conclusão: evidenciou-se um caminho potencial a ser replicado em diferentes contextos e temáticas, estimulando e encorajando o processo de cuidado e de educação.
ABSTRACT Objective: to systematize the teaching-service partnership experience in the creation and application of a virtual game on organ and tissue donation as a proposal for permanent education in health. Method: systematization of an experience, conducted through documentary analysis, involving the process to create and apply an educational gamification practice by Nursing students, professors and professionals who developed the strategy and applied it at a university hospital in southern Brazil in September 2020. Results: given the health context imposed by COVID-19, the virtual game consisting of 20 questions about the organ and tissue donation process for transplants, as a strategy for ongoing health education, inspired engagement and motivation among the professionals, who showed limited knowledge about the theme and evaluated the strategy as positive. Conclusion: a potential path to be replicated in different contexts and scenarios was made evident, stimulating and encouraging the care and education processes.
RESUMEN Objetivo: sistematizar la experiencia de la asociación entre enseñanza y servicio en la creación y aplicación de un juego virtual sobre donación de órganos y tejidos en términos de una propuesta de educación permanente para la salud. Método: sistematización de la experiencia, dirigida por análisis documental y abarcando el proceso de elaboración y aplicación de una práctica educativa de gamificación por parte de estudiantes, profesores y profesionales de Enfermería, que desarrollaron la estrategia y la aplicaron en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil en septiembre de 2020. Resultados: frente al contexto sanitario impuesto por la COVID-19, en términos de estrategia de educación permanente para la salud, el juego virtual compuesto por 20 preguntas sobre el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplantes inspiró compromiso y motivación en los profesionales, quienes demostraron escasos conocimientos acerca de la temática y evaluaron la estrategia como positiva. Conclusión: se evidenció un potencial camino a ser replicado en diferentes contextos y temáticas, estimulando y alentando el proceso de la atención y educación en salud.
ABSTRACT
The exposure to different kinds of stress impacts on the reactive oxygen species production with potential risk to the integrity of the tissues. Psychological or biological stress is responsible for a significant increase in the oxidative stress markers and also for activation of the antioxidant defense system. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between social stress, humoral immune response and glutathione-related antioxidant defenses. Groups of male Swiss mice were subjected to different lengths of social stress exposure (social confrontation) which varied from 1 up to 13 days. As a biological stressor, 10(9) sheep red blood cells (SRBC)/mL were injected by intraperitoneal route. As controls, animals not subjected to social stress and/or injected with vehicle solution were used. The serum samples and the cerebral cortex were collected at 4 h, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 days after the end of social confrontation. The results indicated that the antioxidant enzymes activities were affected by psychological as well as by biological stressor. These alterations were dependent on the timing of stress exposure which resulted in a positive or in a negative correlation between the antibody titres to SRBC and antioxidant enzymes. We also discuss the possible role of SRBC injection in the modulation of the effects of psychosocial stress on antioxidant metabolism.
Subject(s)
Antibody Formation/physiology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Glutathione/metabolism , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Antibody Formation/immunology , Cerebral Cortex/immunology , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Erythrocytes/immunology , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Glutathione Disulfide/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Hemagglutination Tests/methods , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Mice , Sheep , Social Environment , Spectrophotometry/methods , Stress, Psychological/immunology , Time Factors , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolismABSTRACT
It is well recognized that electromagnetic fields can affect the biological functions of living organisms at both cellular and molecular level. The potential damaging effects of electromagnetic fields and very low frequency and extremely low frequency radiation emitted by computer cathode ray tube video display monitors (VDMs) has become a concern within the scientific community. We studied the effects of occupational exposure to VDMs in 10 males and 10 females occupationally exposed to VDMs and 20 unexposed control subjects matched for age and sex. Genetic damage was assessed by examining the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells and the frequency of other nuclear abnormalities such as binucleated and broken egg cells. Although there were no differences regarding binucleated cells between exposed and control individuals our analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of micronuclei (p < 0.001) and broken egg cells (p < 0.05) in individuals exposed to VDMs as compared to unexposed. We also found that the differences between individuals exposed to VDMs were significantly related to the sex of the individuals and that there was an increase in skin, central nervous system and ocular disease in the exposed individuals. These preliminary results indicate that microcomputer workers exposed to VDMs are at risk of significant cytogenetic damage and should periodically undergo biological monitoring.
