Teriparatide improves alveolar bone modelling after tooth extraction in orchiectomized rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone metabolism in the alveolar repair process in orchiectomized male rats treated with teriparatide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 78 rats were divided into three groups: 26 oriectomized rats treated with teriparatide (ORQTRAT), 26 untreated orchiectomized rats (ORQ), and 26 rats which had undergone sham surgical procedures (SHAM), all these animals underwent extraction of the central incisor tooth. Thus, a histological analysis was performed (42 days). Real Time PCR (14 and 42 days) and immunohistochemical (42 days) analyses were performed based on the expression of RANK-L and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The calcein and alizarin were analyzed via laser confocal microscopy to verify alveolar bone turnover, and microtomographic analysis was performed to determine volume and bone quality (calcified tissues). In this analysis, the euthanasia period was 60 days post-extraction. The quantitative data were submitted to the statistical test and the significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: Teriparatide increased bone turnover with a higher relative gene expression of RANKL and OPG at 14 days, and at 42 days, there was a significant decrease of RANKL and an increase of OPG, this standard can also be evaluated in the ratio of RANKL to OPG. Greater values of area and bone mineral deposition were found for the ORQTRAT group (p < 0.05), along with higher bone volume values (p < 0.05). The immunolabels revealed greater intensity in the relationship of RANKL and OPG, which led to intense remodeling aiding in the process of bone formation. CONCLUSION: The teriparatide treatment in orchiectomized rats increases bone volume and decreases the porosity, in addition to promoting greater intensity in bone turnover during alveolar repair.

Influência do genótipo do citocromo P450 (CYP2C9) na eficácia clínica do tenoxicam após cirurgias de terceiros molares inferiores / Influence of cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) genotype on clinical efficacy of tenoxicam after lower third molars surgeries

Atualmente, com os avanços da Farmacogenética, estudos estão demonstrando que a resposta individual de medicamentos pode ser diretamente afetada pela alteração da farmacocinética induzida pela genética de cada paciente, e isto pode induzir à ausência, redução, alteração ou aumento da atividade enzimática associada. Esse fato pode modificar a eficácia clínica de determinados medicamentos e, nos casos de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs), alterar sua capacidade de lidar com a dor e até aumentar a frequência e a gravidade dos efeitos adversos. Este estudo teve como objetivo genotipar e fenotipar o gene CYP2C9 em 89 pacientes saudáveis submetidos à cirurgia de terceiro molar inferior, sob medicação de 20 mg de tenoxicam por dia durante 4 dias, comparando a influência do gene na dor pós-operatória, edema, trismo, quantidade de medicamentos de socorro consumidos pelos pacientes, avaliação global e satisfação do paciente em relação à ingestão do medicamento. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, desenvolvido no Departamento de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba (FOA/UNESP) e na Disciplina de Farmacologia do Departamento Ciências Biológicas da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOB/USP). Foi realizado o sequenciamento genético dos participantes do estudo, a fim de verificar polimorfismos do gene CYP2C9, e estes dados foram cruzados com as características pós-operatórias acima mencionadas. Oitenta e nove participantes foram selecionados: 64 (74%) foram incluídos no grupo "Metabolizadores Normais" (CYP2C9 * 1 / * 1) e 25 participantes no grupo "Metabolizadores Intermediários/Lentos" (CYP2C9 * 1 / * 2, * 1 / * 3 e CYP2C9 * 2 / * 3, * 3 / * 3). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Em relação à dor, apesar dos dois grupos referirem baixos níveis de dor durante o pós-operatório, o grupo "Metabolizadores Normais" apresentou mais dor (p<0,05) nos períodos de 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 48 e 72 horas de pós-operatório, quando comparado ao ponto de tempo "zero", diferente do grupo "Metabolizadores Intermediários/Lentos" que relatou dor significativa apenas em 6 horas de pós-operatório, quando comparados com o tempo "zero". Na prática clínica, isso significa que indivíduos com atividade anormal do CYP2C9 (metabolizadores intermediários e lentos) apresentam uma exposição aumentada ao tenoxicam e provavelmente mostram níveis mais baixos de dor, mas também mostram provavelmente um risco maior de efeitos colaterais, que incluem sangramento gastrointestinal, distúrbios hemorrágicos e cardiovasculares, sendo provavelmente necessário que a dose habitual do medicamento seja revisada(AU)

One of the most accepted pharmacological protocols on third molar extraction surgeries involves the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as tenoxicam. Many studies present that the individual drug response could be directly affected by genetics induced pharmacokinetics alteration. Our study aimed to genotype and phenotype CYP2C9 gene in 89 health patients that were submitted to wisdom teeth surgical removal under medication of tenoxicam, comparing the gene influence on postoperative pain, edema, trismus, amount of rescue medication consumed, global evaluation and patient satisfaction regarding the medication. CYP2C9 gene was screened to evaluate polymorphisms and the genetic characteristics were crossed to aforementioned postoperative findings on a randomized clinical trial. 89 volunteers were splitted in two groups: 64 (74%) Normal Metabolizers (NM) group and 25 (26%) Intermediate/Slow Metabolizers (ISM) group. There were not found statistically significant difference between groups. The NM group referred more pain (p<0,05) at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 48 and 72 postoperative hours time points when compared to time zero. In clinical practice it means that individuals with CYP2C9 abnormal activity (ISM) presented an augmented exposition to tenoxicam and referred lower pain levels, but also, they were probably more susceptible to adverse effects(AU)

Surgical Treatment of Anterior Sinus Wall Fracture Due to Sports Accident.

Frontal bone fractures represent a low percentage of craniofacial fractures. However, a systematic approach and a correct diagnosis are essential for successful treatment and maintenance of physiology of the frontal sinus and late complications. The purpose of this study was to report a clinical patient with anterior wall fracture of the frontal due to sports accident sinus that was surgically treated.

Eficácia do anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal diclofenaco associado ou não ao opioide codeína para controle da dor, edema e trismo no modelo de extração bilateral de terceiros molares inferiores com alto grau de dificuldade / Efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory diclofenaco and its association to the opioid codeine for pain, swelling and trismus in in patients after invasive bilateral third molar extractions

Eficácia do anti-inflamatório não-esteroidal diclofenaco associado ou não ao opioide codeína para controle da dor, edema e trismo no modelo de extração bilateral de terceiros molares inferiores com alto grau de dificuldade O controle da dor e inflamação após cirurgias bucais é normalmente realizado através do uso de anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs); no entanto a combinação de opioides aos AINEs pode garantir uma melhor analgesia principalmente após cirurgias mais traumáticas. Apesar disso, poucos estudos têm comparado AINEs associados ou não aos opioides após cirurgias bucais e maxilofaciais. Este estudo cruzado, randomizado e duplo-cego comparou a eficácia clínica no controle da dor, edema e trismo pós-operatório em 46 voluntários que consumiram randomicamente os medicamentos diclofenaco sódico (50 mg) associado à codeína (50 mg) e apenas diclofenaco sódico (50 mg) após extrações dos dois terceiros molares em posições complexas como alto grau de dificuldade cirúrgica. Os voluntários enquanto em uso do diclofenaco associado à codeína relataram dor pós-operatória significativamente menor em vários momentos (90 minutos (p=0,043), 2 horas (p=0,014), 3 horas (p=0,001), 5 horas (p=0,010), 10 horas (p=0,005), 12 horas (p=0,006) e 24 horas (p=0,018)) dentro das primeiras 24 horas após a cirurgia e também consumiram significativamente menos (p=0,003) medicação de resgate (paracetamol) ao longo do estudo, comparados com os valores expressos pelos mesmos voluntários enquanto em uso do diclofenaco apenas. Em conclusão, o diclofenaco sódico associado à codeína foi mais eficaz no controle da dor pós-operatória, enquanto que o trismo e o edema não apresentaram diferenças quando comparado com o diclofenaco sem codeína.

Postoperative pain and inflammation after oral surgery is mostly managed using non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, opioids combined with NSAIDs may improve pain management in patients especially after traumatic oral surgery. Despite this, few studies have compared NSAIDs with and without opioids after oral and maxillofacial surgery. This randomized double-blinded crossover study compared the clinical efficacy for managing postoperative pain in 46 volunteers consuming either sodium diclofenac (50 mg) plus codeine (50 mg) or only sodium diclofenac (50 mg) after invasive surgeries for extraction of both lower third molar surgeries in different appointments. Volunteers reported significantly less postoperative pain at various time points (90 minutes (p=0,043), 2 hours (p=0,014), 3 hours (p=0,001), 5 hours (p=0,010), 10 hours (p=0,005), 12 hours (p=0,006) e 24 hours (p=0,018)) within 24 hours after surgery and also consumed significantly less(p=0,003) rescue medication (acetaminophen) throughout the study while consuming diclofenac plus codeine when compared to only taking NSAIDs. In conclusion, despite no difference between inflammation aspects, oral sodium diclofenac with codeine was more effective for managing postoperative pain when compared to diclofenac without codeine.

Mandibular metastasis of adenocarcinoma from prostate cancer: case report according to epidemiology and current therapeutical trends of the advanced prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer represents the most frequent non-cutaneous neoplasia in males. This type of neoplasia can develop peculiar patterns of evolution, presenting, in many cases, precocious relapses and metastasis. Bone metastasis in the mouth is extremely rare, and represents 1% of all malignant mouth neoplasias. The aim of the present study is to report a clinical case of bone metastasis in the mandibular region associated with a tumoral prostate adenocarcinoma, as well as to discuss connected aspects about diagnosis, prognosis and integrated treatment of this condition.

Mandibular metastasis of adenocarcinoma from prostate cancer: case report according to epidemiology and current therapeutical trends of the advanced prostate cancer

Prostate cancer represents the most frequent non-cutaneous neoplasia in males. This type of neoplasia can develop peculiar patterns of evolution, presenting, in many cases, precocious relapses and metastasis. Bone metastasis in the mouth is extremely rare, and represents 1% of all malignant mouth neoplasias. The aim of the present study is to report a clinical case of bone metastasis in the mandibular region associated with a tumoral prostate adenocarcinoma, as well as to discuss connected aspects about diagnosis, prognosis and integrated treatment of this condition.