ABSTRACT
Background: Phoenicopterus chilensis is a South American wild bird classified as a near threatened specie in the List ofEndangered Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. With the increase of the contact between human population and wild animals, this species habitat is becoming increasingly vulnerable, with a declining population.Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of abnormalities that affect this species becomes essential. Thisreport aims to describe the first diagnosed case of unilateral renal agenesis in chilean-flamingo.Case: A captive male chilean-flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) was found dead in its enclosure and then was referredat necropsy. The cause of death was the presence of tracheal fungal granuloma, caused by Aspergillus sp. Macroscopically,during the examination of the body cavity, the absence of the right kidney was noted, also evidencing the absence of thecaudal renal vein. Emerging from the caudal division of the kidney was noted a blind-end renal vessel. For the histopathological examination, the remaining kidney was fixed in 10% formalin, processed by paraffin embedding technique andstained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). When analyzing the left kidney parenchyma, preserved histological architecturewas noted, without any changes in the tissue structures of the organ. Thus, no hypertrophy by compensatory mechanismsof the remaining kidney was observed.Discussion: Unilateral renal agenesis is a very rare congenital defect in dogs, cats and also in birds. It occurs in the complete absence of one of the kidneys, a situation with which the animal can live satisfactorily if there is a normal kidney toassume the functions. In association, ipsilateral ureteral agenesis and compensatory...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Birds , Endangered Species , Solitary Kidney/diagnosis , Solitary Kidney/veterinary , Congenital Abnormalities/veterinary , Animals, Wild , AutopsyABSTRACT
Background: Phoenicopterus chilensis is a South American wild bird classified as a near threatened specie in the List ofEndangered Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. With the increase of the contact between human population and wild animals, this species habitat is becoming increasingly vulnerable, with a declining population.Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of abnormalities that affect this species becomes essential. Thisreport aims to describe the first diagnosed case of unilateral renal agenesis in chilean-flamingo.Case: A captive male chilean-flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) was found dead in its enclosure and then was referredat necropsy. The cause of death was the presence of tracheal fungal granuloma, caused by Aspergillus sp. Macroscopically,during the examination of the body cavity, the absence of the right kidney was noted, also evidencing the absence of thecaudal renal vein. Emerging from the caudal division of the kidney was noted a blind-end renal vessel. For the histopathological examination, the remaining kidney was fixed in 10% formalin, processed by paraffin embedding technique andstained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). When analyzing the left kidney parenchyma, preserved histological architecturewas noted, without any changes in the tissue structures of the organ. Thus, no hypertrophy by compensatory mechanismsof the remaining kidney was observed.Discussion: Unilateral renal agenesis is a very rare congenital defect in dogs, cats and also in birds. It occurs in the complete absence of one of the kidneys, a situation with which the animal can live satisfactorily if there is a normal kidney toassume the functions. In association, ipsilateral ureteral agenesis and compensatory...
Subject(s)
Animals , Congenital Abnormalities/veterinary , Birds , Endangered Species , Solitary Kidney/diagnosis , Solitary Kidney/veterinary , Animals, Wild , AutopsyABSTRACT
Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest south american canid and deemed a near threatenedspecies according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Typically found in Brazilian Cerrado, it isoften a victim of animal trappings and vehicular accidents, where it may get deeply injured or end up fractured, demandingorthopedic procedures. Even though maned wolves are similar to the domestic dog, little is described regarding generalanesthesia and its complications for major procedures in ill patients in the scientific database. This case report describesa successful blood transfusion and anesthetic management of a critically ill C. brachyurus.Case: An adult female maned wolf was rescued after getting steel-jaw trapped. After chemical restraint with intramuscular(IM) ketamine (12 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg), physical examination showed exposedbones to the distal end of the right hind limb, pronounced dehydration and moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia according to blood count. Radiographic images enlightened multiple right tarsus fractures. As the wound was highly infected,which made the osteosynthesis procedure impossible, it was decided to amputate the limb on the following day. Subcutaneous (SC) lactated Ringers solution (250 mL), IM meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) and IM enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) were alsoadministered at first. On the following day, after aforementioned chemical immobilization, anesthesia was induced withdose-effect intravenous (IV) propofol (2 mg/kg) until orotracheal intubation was possible, and general anesthesia wasmaintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia was obtained with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.25mL/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) to provide analgesia and to reduce inhalant agent...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Canidae/injuries , Blood Transfusion/veterinary , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Pelvic Bones/surgery , Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Animals, Wild , Endangered SpeciesABSTRACT
Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. Theproximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eatinghabits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body massto evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was toassess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Facultyof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals wereanesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. Thefollowing variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracicand abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two bodymass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well asthe body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic andabdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantlyhigher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlationbetween fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Procyonidae/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Body Mass Index , BrazilABSTRACT
Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. Theproximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eatinghabits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body massto evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was toassess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Facultyof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals wereanesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. Thefollowing variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracicand abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two bodymass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well asthe body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic andabdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantlyhigher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlationbetween fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation...
Subject(s)
Animals , Biometry , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary , Procyonidae/anatomy & histology , Body Mass Index , BrazilABSTRACT
Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest south american canid and deemed a near threatenedspecies according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Typically found in Brazilian Cerrado, it isoften a victim of animal trappings and vehicular accidents, where it may get deeply injured or end up fractured, demandingorthopedic procedures. Even though maned wolves are similar to the domestic dog, little is described regarding generalanesthesia and its complications for major procedures in ill patients in the scientific database. This case report describesa successful blood transfusion and anesthetic management of a critically ill C. brachyurus.Case: An adult female maned wolf was rescued after getting steel-jaw trapped. After chemical restraint with intramuscular(IM) ketamine (12 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg), physical examination showed exposedbones to the distal end of the right hind limb, pronounced dehydration and moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia according to blood count. Radiographic images enlightened multiple right tarsus fractures. As the wound was highly infected,which made the osteosynthesis procedure impossible, it was decided to amputate the limb on the following day. Subcutaneous (SC) lactated Ringers solution (250 mL), IM meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) and IM enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) were alsoadministered at first. On the following day, after aforementioned chemical immobilization, anesthesia was induced withdose-effect intravenous (IV) propofol (2 mg/kg) until orotracheal intubation was possible, and general anesthesia wasmaintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia was obtained with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.25mL/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) to provide analgesia and to reduce inhalant agent...
Subject(s)
Animals , Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Canidae/injuries , Pelvic Bones/surgery , Blood Transfusion/veterinary , Animals, Wild , Endangered SpeciesABSTRACT
Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabourauds agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Wolves , Tinea/diagnosis , Tinea/therapy , Microsporum , ArthrodermataceaeABSTRACT
Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabourauds agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...]