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1.
Br J Nutr ; 124(7): 654-667, 2020 10 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32381135

ABSTRACT

In this systematic review, we critically evaluated human clinical trials that assessed the effects of dietary fat quality on metabolic endotoxaemia. The studies were selected from three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library), and the keywords were defined according to the Medical Subject Headings indexing terminology. Two authors searched independently, according to the pre-defined selection criteria. Quality and risk assessment of bias for each selected study were also evaluated. The results of the included studies demonstrated associations between higher SFA intake and increased postprandial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. On the other hand, after the consumption of PUFA, bloodstream LPS concentrations were lower. However, in none of the long-term studies, the consumption of dietary fats did not seem to exert effects on LPS concentration. Hence, SFA seem to act as a risk factor for transient increase in endotoxaemia, while PUFA demonstrated exerting a protective effect. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the dietary fatty acid profile may influence bloodstream endotoxin concentrations through modulation of factors such LPS clearance, alkaline phosphatase activity, bile acid metabolism, intestinal permeability and intestinal microbiota composition.


Subject(s)
Diet/adverse effects , Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Endotoxemia/etiology , Fatty Acids/pharmacology , Postprandial Period/drug effects , Acute-Phase Proteins , Adult , Carrier Proteins/blood , Clinical Trials as Topic , Eating/physiology , Female , Humans , Lipopolysaccharides/blood , Male , Membrane Glycoproteins/blood , Middle Aged , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
2.
Eur J Nutr ; 57(7): 2445-2455, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28808791

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Despite the fact that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is widely used in obese individuals to treat cardiovascular diseases, the role of EVOO on weight/fat reduction remains unclear. We investigated the effects of energy-restricted diet containing EVOO on body composition and metabolic disruptions related to obesity. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 41 adult women with excess body fat (mean ± SD 27.0 ± 0.9 year old, 46.8 ± 0.6% of total body fat) received daily high-fat breakfasts containing 25 mL of soybean oil (control group, n = 20) or EVOO (EVOO group, n = 21) during nine consecutive weeks. Breakfasts were part of an energy-restricted normal-fat diets (-2090 kJ, ~32%E from fat). Anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed, and fasting blood was collected on the first and last day of the experiment. RESULTS: Fat loss was ~80% higher on EVOO compared to the control group (mean ± SE: -2.4 ± 0.3 kg vs. -1.3 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.037). EVOO also reduced diastolic blood pressure when compared to control (-5.1 ± 1.6 mmHg vs. +0.3 ± 1.2 mmHg, P = 0.011). Within-group differences (P < 0.050) were observed for HDL-c (-2.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L) and IL-10 (+0.9 ± 0.1 pg/mL) in control group, and for serum creatinine (+0.04 ± 0.01 µmol/L) and alkaline phosphatase (-3.3 ± 1.8 IU/L) in the EVOO group. There was also a trend for IL-1ß EVOO reduction (-0.3 ± 0.1 pg/mL, P = 0.060). CONCLUSION: EVOO consumption reduced body fat and improved blood pressure. Our results indicate that EVOO should be included into energy-restricted programs for obesity treatment.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Composition/drug effects , Obesity/diet therapy , Olive Oil , Adipose Tissue , Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Plant Oils
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(2): 528-33, 2015 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26268080

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: there is a lack of consensus on the benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementations on cognition in dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) elderly. OBJECTIVE: this study presents a systematic review of the results of randomized clinical trials about this topic. The adopted search criteria were randomized clinical trials involving elderly over 65 years of age with no limit to the year of publication of the study. RESULTS: we identified 139 articles, and from the eligible ones a reverse search was conducted. The quality of the trials was assessed using the Jadad scale. Of the four selected studies, three were related to mild to moderate AD elderly, of both genders. Mini Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive, and Clinical Dementia Rate were the main tests used to assess cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: EPA and/or DHA supplementations did not affect scores obtained on the cognitive tests. However, supplementation with EPA and/or DHA improved verbal fluency and attention in patients who had only very mild dementia or AD or presented APOEε4 negative genotype. In case of advanced AD elderly patients, EPA and/or DHA supplementations did not reduce cognitive decline rates.


Introducción: no existe consenso sobre los benefícios de la suplementación con ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) sobre la cognición de las personas mayores con demencia y/o Alzheimer. Objetivo: esta revisión sistemática muestra los resultados de ensayos clínicos randomizados al respecto. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos randomizados llevados a cabo en personas mayores de 65 años, sin estabelecer límites en cuanto al año de publicación. Resultados: se identificaron 139 artículos y a partir de los artículos candidatos se llevó a cabo una búsqueda inversa. La calidad de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios se evaluó mediante la escala de Jadad. De los cuatro estudios seleccionados, tres valoraban ancianos, con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada, en ambos sexos. Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva y Tasa Clínica de Demencia fueron los principales test utilizados para estudiar el rendimiento cognitivo. Conclusión: la suplementación de EPA y/o DHA no afectó las puntuaciones en las pruebas cognitivas. Sin embargo, la suplementación con EPA y/o DHA mejoró la cognición en los dominios de fluidez y de atención verbales en pacientes que únicamente presentaban demencia leve o enfermedad de Alzheimer o el genotipo APOEε4 negativo. En los pacientes ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer avanzada, la suplementación con EPA y/o DHA no redujo las tasas de deterioro cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy , Dementia/drug therapy , Dementia/psychology , Dietary Supplements , Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(3): 1099-106, 2015 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319826

ABSTRACT

AIMS: the present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cardiometabolic changes according to the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype in Brazilian adults. METHODS: it is a population based transversal study with 976 adults (n = 533 women) 20-59 years old. Phenotype was defined by triglycerides concentration (TGL) ≥ 150 mg/dl and waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in females and ≥ 90 cm in males. All the analyses were adjusted according to the study design and pondered by gender, age and schooling. A descriptive analysis was performed through averages and ratios; their respective confidence intervals were herein presented (CI 95%). The prevalence of cardiometabolic changes due to the presence of HW and to gender was calculated and compared by means of Pearson's chi-square test. Statistic significance level was 0.05. The probability of coronary event risk was estimated in 10 years and calculated from Framinghan score, using Kernel density graph. RESULTS: no difference in phenotype prevalence between genders was observed. Higher averages in all the cardiometabolic risk factors analyzed and higher probability of evolving to a cardiovascular event in 10 years were observed in individuals with the HW phenotype. Lower HDL values were only verified in this group. CONCLUSION: the HW phenotype is an important cardiovascular risk sign and allows the premature identification of individuals with higher risk, so that its use in clinical practice must be encouraged, mainly because it is a simple low cost asset.


Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia de alteraciones cardiometabolicas segun el fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridemica (CH) en adultos brasilenos. Métodos: estudio transversal, de base poblacional, con 976 (n = 533 mujeres) individuos de 20 a 59 anos. El CH fue definido por un aumento en las concentraciones de trigliceridos y en la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Todos los analisis fueron ajustados por el efecto del diseno del estudio y ponderados por genero, edad y escolaridad. Fue realizado un análisis descriptivo de promedio y presentados sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC 95%). La prevalencia de las alteraciones cardiometabolicas segun la presencia o no del fenotipo CH y segun el sexo fue calculada y comparada a traves del test chi-cuadrado de Pearson. El nivel de significancia estadistica adoptado fue de 0,05. Se estimo la probabilidad de riesgo de evento coronario en 10 anos, a partir del score de Framinghan a traves del grafico de densidad de Kernel. Resultados: la prevalencia del fenotipo CH en la muestra fue de 17,32% (IC 95% 13,54-21,89), no se observo diferencia entre sexos. Se observaron mayores promedios para todos los factores de riesgo cardiometabolico analizados en aquellos con CH. Solo Se verificaron menores valores medianos para el HDL en este grupo. Los individuos con CH presentaban mayor probabilidad de evolucionar hacia un evento cardiovascular en 10 anos que aquellos sin el fenotipo. Conclusión: el fenotipo CH constituye un importante marcador precoz del riesgo cardiovascular. Su utilizacion en la practica clinica debe ser incentivada, ya que se trata de una herramienta sencilla y de bajo coste.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Hypertriglyceridemic Waist/epidemiology , Hypertriglyceridemic Waist/metabolism , Phenotype , Adult , Biomarkers , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(5): 1024-32, 2014 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24951981

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidences suggest that nuts consumption can improve energy metabolism. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of acute ingestion of high-oleic and conventional peanuts on appetite, food intake, and energy metabolism in overweight and obese men. METHODS: Seventy one subjects (29.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2) were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 24); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 23); high-oleic peanuts (HOP, n = 24). Subjects consumed 56 g of peanuts (CVP and HOP) or control biscuits (CT) after overnight fasting. Thereafter, energy metabolism was evaluated over 200 minutes, during which diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate oxidation were analyzed. Appetite sensation was recorded for 3 hours. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software considering 5% as the significance level. RESULTS: Postprandial energy expenditure and DIT were significantly higher in HOP than in CVP. Substrate oxidation did not differ between groups. Only HOP presented score below 100 indicating incomplete compensation. CT and CVP showed a complete caloric compensation (scores > 100). Regarding appetite sensation, CVP group felt less "full" than HOP and CT. After 3 hours, satiety score of CVP returned to baseline, whereas HOP and CT remained significantly higher. Hunger scores returned to baseline in CVP and CT and they were maintained significantly lowered in HOP. CONCLUSION: High-oleic peanuts contributed to higher DIT, higher sensation of fullness and incomplete compensation for energy intake compared to conventional peanuts and may be useful to dietary intervention to reduce body weight.


Antecedentes: Las pruebas sugieren que el consumo de frutos secos puede mejorar el metabolismo energético. Propósito: Este estudio tenía por finalidad comparar los efectos de la ingesta aguda de cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico y cacahuetes convencionales sobre el apetito, el consumo de alimentos y el metabolismo energético in hombres con sobrepeso y obesos. Métodos: Se distribuyó a 71 individuos (29,8 ± 2,4 kg/m2) a los grupos: control (CT, n = 24); cacahuetes convencionales (CVP, n = 23); cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico (HOP, n = 24). Los individuos consumieron 56 g de cacahuetes (CVP y HOP) o control (CT) tras un ayuno nocturno. Posteriormente, se evaluó el metabolismo energético a lo largo de 200 minutes, durante los cuales se analizaron la termogénesis inducida por la dieta (TID) y la oxidación de sustratos. La sensación de apetito se registró durante 3 horas. Se realizaron los análisis estadísticos con el programa SAS considerando un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: El consumo de energía posprandial y la TID fueron significativamente superiores en el HOP que el CVP. La oxidación de sustratos no difirió entre los grupos. Sólo el HOP presentó una puntuación por debajo de 100, lo que indicaba una compensación incompleta. El CT y el CVP mostraron una compensación calórica completa (puntuaciones > 100). Con respecto a la sensación de apetito, el grupo CVP se mostró menos "lleno" que los grupos HOP y CT. A las 3 horas, la puntuación de saciedad del CVP volvió a la situación basal, mientras que en los grupos HOP y CT permanecía significativamente superior. Las puntuaciones de hambre volvieron a la situación basal in los grupos CVP y CT y se mantuvieron significativamente por debajo a las del grupo HOP. Conclusión: Los cacahuetes con alto contenido en oleico contribuyen a una mayor TID, mayor sensación de plenitud y una compensation incompleta del consumo de energía en comparación con los cacahuetes convencionales y pueden ser de ayuda como intervention dietética para disminuir el peso corporal.


Subject(s)
Arachis/chemistry , Diet , Obesity/drug therapy , Oleic Acid/therapeutic use , Overweight/drug therapy , Thermogenesis/drug effects , Adult , Appetite/drug effects , Eating/drug effects , Energy Intake/drug effects , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/physiopathology , Oleic Acid/chemistry , Overweight/physiopathology , Young Adult
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(1): 299-306, 2014 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25561122

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and Type 2 diabetes may be controlled by foods capable of modulating food intake and blood glucose. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the addition of food sources of fiber or phaseolamin to shakes can control food intake and reduce postprandial glycemia. METHODS: This was a randomized, single blind, crossover design study (food intake: n=22; glycemia: n=10). Five liquid meals presenting similar amounts of macronutrients (C - control shake, OB - oat bran shake, F - flaxseed shake, WB - white bean extract shake, and UB - unripe banana flour shake) were consumed in five non-consecutive days. Participants kept dietary records during the subsequent 24 hours. Blood glucose was measured at 0 (immediately before), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the ingestion of each shake and the incremental areas under the curves (iAUC) were calculated. RESULTS: Compared to C, there was a significant increase in fiber intake after the consumption of OB (+17.9g), F (+19.1g), and UB (+12.6g), and in fat after the consumption of OB (+25,4g). There was a non-significant reduction of daily energy intake in F compared to C (1524kJ; P=0.10). There was a 43% reduction in the iAUC (P=0.03) in response to UB consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Unripe banana flour reduced postprandial glycemic response of shakes almost by half. The effect of oat bran and flaxseed on food intake needs further investigation in long-term studies.


Introducción: Obesidad y diabetes de tipo 2 pueden ser controlados por alimentos capaces de modular la ingesta de alimentos y la glucemia. Objetivos: Se investigó si la adición de alimentos fuentes de fibra o fasolamina a batidos puede controlar la ingesta de alimentos y reducir la glucemia posprandial. Métodos: Estudio aleatorizado, simple ciego, de diseño cruzado (ingesta de alimentos:n=22; glucemia:n=10). Cinco batidos con cantidades similares de macronutrientes (C - control batido, SA - salvado de avena batido, L - linaza batido, FB - extracto de frijol blanco batido y PI - harina de plátano no maduro batido) fueron consumidos en cinco días no consecutivos. Las participantes registraron la ingesta de alimentos en las 24 horas subsiguientes. La glucosa en sangre se midió a 0 (inmediatamente antes), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 minutos después de la ingestión de cada batido y se calcularon las áreas incrementales bajo las curvas (AIBC). Resultados: En comparación a C, hubo un aumento significativo en la ingesta de fibra después de que el consumo de SA(+17,9g), SL(+19,1g), y PI(+12,6g), y en la grasa después del consumo de SA(+25,4g). Se encontró una reducción no significativa de la ingesta diaria de energía en L (1524kJ, P=0,10) en comparación con C. Hubo una reducción del 43% en el AIBC (P=0,03) en respuesta al consumo PI. Conclusiones: Harina de plátano no maduro reduce la respuesta glucémica posprandial de batidos casi a la mitad. El efecto de salvado de avena y linaza en la ingesta de alimentos requiere mayor investigación en estudios a largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Dietary Fiber/pharmacology , Eating/drug effects , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Avena , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Flax , Flour , Humans , Male , Musa , Postprandial Period , Single-Blind Method , Young Adult
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(2): 296-305, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23822678

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has rapidly increased worldwide. Excess body fat is an important risk factor for the disease. Strategies have been indicated for the prevention and treatment of DM. Recent studies have associated the consumption of oilseeds resulting in a lower risk of developing obesity and diabetes. It is believed that this effect is associated with low glycemic index and the high fiber content, the unsaturated fatty acids and the magnesium oilseeds. However, the mechanisms involved in appetite and type 2 diabetes control have not been fully elucidated among researchers yet. Thus, the objective of the present article was to critically analyze the articles published on this subject aiming at identifying strategies which may be used in the dietary treatment of diabetes.


La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) ha aumentado rápidamente en todo el mundo. Exceso de grasa corporal es un factor de riesgo importante para la enfermedad. Estrategias se han indicado para la prevención y el tratamiento de la DM. Estudios recientes han asociado el consumo de semillas oleaginosas que resulta en un menor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad y diabetes. Se cree que este efecto está asociado con bajo índice glucémico y el alto contenido de fibra, los ácidos grasos insaturados de las semillas oleaginosas y de magnesio. Sin embargo, los mecanismos implicados en el apetito y el control de la diabetes tipo 2 no han sido completamente aclarada entre los investigadores todavía. Así, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar críticamente los artículos publicados en este tema con el objetivo de identificar las estrategias que pueden utilizarse en el tratamiento dietético de la diabetes.


Subject(s)
Appetite/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Nuts , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Obesity/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk , Seeds/chemistry
8.
Arch. med. deporte ; 30(154): 83-90, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-118856

ABSTRACT

Background: The quality of the consumed diet is important for the improvement in performance during training and the achievement of positive results on competitions. The objective of study was to investigate the breakfast practices, and nutritional strategies used before and during training and competition of cyclists participating in the biggest mountain biking competition of Brazil. Methods: The participants (n = 146) were asked to complete a questionnaire during the distribution of kits on the day before the competition. The questionnaire included 13 questions about the participants’ characteristics, pre-training and pre-competition usual breakfast and meal consumption, and systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms during exercise. All statistical analyses were conducted using Sigma Stat 3.1 software. Results: 97.54% of participants consumed breakfast pre-training, while all participants consumed a pre-competition breakfast. After the analyses, banana and bread were the most consumed foods for pre-training and competition breakfast. Fort-two percent and 58 % of the participants consumed some supplement during the morning of the training and competition, respectively. Most participants indicated the consumption of some form of supplement during training (88.35%) and competition (97.25%). About 30% and 54% used three or more types of energy replenishment strategies during the training and the competition, respectively. 86% of the participants reported some form of adverse symptom during the training or race. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that most of the mountain bikers interviewed consumed breakfast before exercise, although most of the foods chosen for breakfast were not appropriate for a pre-exercise meal. Moreover, these cyclists had a high ingestion of supplements before and during exercise, often being used as substitutes for food. The information obtained about these supplements was provided by unreliable sources in 43% of athletes. It is also suggested that these athletes should be better informed about risks and benefits of supplements use (AU)


Introducción: La calidad de la dieta es importante para la mejora del rendimiento tanto a la hora de entrenar como para obtener el logro de resultados positivos en competiciones. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las prácticas dietéticas en el desayuno, y las estrategias nutritivas usadas antes y durante el entrenamiento y la competición en ciclistas de montaña que participan en la mayor prueba de ese tipo en Brasil. Metodología: Los participantes (n = 146) fueron reclutados para completar una encuesta durante la recogida de materiales de identificación de los equipos en el día previo a la competición. La encuesta incluyó 13 preguntas sobre sus conductas nutricionales, pre-entrenamiento y pre-competición sobre el desayuno usual y consumo de la comida, síntomas sistémicoso gastrointestinales durante el ejercicio. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Sigma Stat 3.1. Resultados: Un 97,54% del total aseguraron tomar el desayuno antes del entrenamiento, y todos los participantes desayunaron antes de la competición. Después de los análisis, el plátano y pan estaban en la mayoría de las comidas pre-entrenamiento y competición. 42% y 58% de los participantes consumieron algún suplemento por la mañana antes del entrenamiento y competición, respectivamente. La mayoría de los participantes indicó el consumo de algún tipo de suplemento durante el entrenamiento (88,35%) y competición (97,25%). Aproximadamente, 30 y 54% usaron tres o más tipos de estrategias para reponer energía durante el entrenamiento y la competición, respectivamente. Un total de 86% de los participantes informaron haber tenido algún síntoma adverso durante el entrenamiento o competición. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la mayoría de los ciclistas realizan algún desayuno antes del ejercicio, aunque la mayoría de los alimentos escogidos no eran apropiados para una comida pre-ejercicio. Los ciclistas tenían una ingestión alta de suplementos antes y durante el ejercicio, usándose a menudo como sustitutivo de la comida. La información obtenida sobre estos suplementos fue proporcionada por las fuentes no fiables en 43% de los deportistas. También se sugiere que estos atletas se informen bien sobre los riesgos y beneficios del consumo de suplementos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bicycling , 24457 , Diet/methods , Athletic Performance , Sports , Dietary Carbohydrates/analysis , Dietary Supplements
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