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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(4): 240-253, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-112051

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años se está observando una reemergencia de la tos ferina en los países con amplias coberturas vacunales, con la aparición de brotes importantes. Este aumento de la incidencia tiene una distribución por edades bipolar: en los lactantes menores de 6meses, que por su edad no han iniciado la vacunación o no han completado la primovacunación, y en los adolescentes y adultos por la disminución de su inmunidad, vacunal o natural, con el tiempo transcurrido desde la inmunización o el padecimiento de la enfermedad. Estos cambios epidemiológicos justifican la adopción de nuevas estrategias vacunales con la finalidad de proteger al lactante pequeño y disminuir la incidencia de la enfermedad en toda la población. La vacunación del adolescente y del adulto debería ser prioritaria; en el primer caso solo supone cambiar la vacuna dT por la dTpa, con un coste adicional pequeño. La vacunación del adulto puede ser más difícil de implementar, pero de la misma forma que en muchos países se revacuna cada 10años frente a la difteria y el tétanos (con la vacuna dT), debería hacerse también frente a la tos ferina (con la vacuna dTpa). La estrategia que puede tener un impacto más importante sobre la incidencia de la tos ferina en el lactante es la vacunación de las personas con quienes convive o va a convivir, lo que se conoce como estrategia del nido. Recientemente, en algunos países se ha introducido también la vacunación de la embarazada, a partir de las 20semanas de gestación, como la forma más efectiva para proteger al recién nacido (AU)


A large increase of pertussis incidence has been observed in recent years in countries with high vaccination coverage. Outbreaks of pertussis are increasingly being reported. The age presentation has a bipolar distribution: infants younger 6months that have not initiated or completed a vaccination schedule, and adolescents and adults, due to the lost of natural or vaccine immunity over time. These epidemiological changes justify the need to adopt new vaccination strategies in order to protect young infants and to reduce pertussis incidence in all age groups. Adolescents and adults immunization must be a priority. In the first group, strategy is easy to implement, and with a very low additional cost (to replace dT vaccine by dTap one). Adult vaccination may be more difficult to implement; dT vaccine decennial booster should be replaced by dTap. The immunization of household contacts of newborn infants (cocooning) is the strategy that has a most important impact on infant pertussis. Recently, pregnant women vaccination (after 20weeks of gestation) has been recommended in some countries as the most effective way to protect the newborn (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage , Disease Prevention , European Union/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Health Surveillance System , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Antibiotic Prophylaxis
2.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 31(4): 240-53, 2013 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23411362

ABSTRACT

A large increase of pertussis incidence has been observed in recent years in countries with high vaccination coverage. Outbreaks of pertussis are increasingly being reported. The age presentation has a bipolar distribution: infants younger 6months that have not initiated or completed a vaccination schedule, and adolescents and adults, due to the lost of natural or vaccine immunity over time. These epidemiological changes justify the need to adopt new vaccination strategies in order to protect young infants and to reduce pertussis incidence in all age groups. Adolescents and adults immunization must be a priority. In the first group, strategy is easy to implement, and with a very low additional cost (to replace dT vaccine by dTap one). Adult vaccination may be more difficult to implement; dT vaccine decennial booster should be replaced by dTap. The immunization of household contacts of newborn infants (cocooning) is the strategy that has a most important impact on infant pertussis. Recently, pregnant women vaccination (after 20weeks of gestation) has been recommended in some countries as the most effective way to protect the newborn.


Subject(s)
Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine/administration & dosage , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/administration & dosage , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Personnel , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Immunization, Secondary , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pertussis Vaccine , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Spain/epidemiology , Vaccination , Whooping Cough/diagnosis , Whooping Cough/drug therapy
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