[Clinical and psychometric characteristics of cognitive and negative disorders in schizophrenia]. / Klinicheskie i psikhometricheskie osobennosti kognitivnykh i negativnykh rasstroistv pri shizofrenii.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristics of clinical manifestations and cognitive tests in patients with schizophrenia, with a predominance of cognitive and negative disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 76 patients, 66 in the main group, 10 in the comparison group, who were treated in Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 and Psychiatric Hospital No. 4 (Moscow). Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric and statistical methods were used. Features of cognitive functioning were studied using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Screen (ECAS). Emotional intelligence scores were assessed using the Ekman Face Emotion Recognition (EFER) test. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia showed dominance of one of 3 types of deficit symptoms: cognitive, emotional, and volitional. Cognitive functions were significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia when compared with the comparison group (mean FAB score (M±SD) 13.44±2.97 in patients with schizophrenia vs. 16.10±1.70 in the comparison group; t=4.10; p<0.001). Cognitive functions were particularly reduced in patients with volitional deficit (mean EFER total score 42.40±9.0 in patients with volitional deficit vs. 47.21±633 in patients with cognitive deficit; t=2.12; p=0.039; mean FAB score 12.83±3.29 in patients with volitional deficit vs. 16.10±1.70 in the comparison group; t=4.24; p<0.001; mean ECAS score specific to ALS 78.80±9.07 in patients with volitional deficit vs. 84.50±6.71 in the comparison group; t=2.18; p=0.034). CONCLUSION: The greatest contribution to the development of cognitive disorders in schizophrenia is made by dysfunction of frontal (especially) and temporal cortex. Executive functions, speech skills and verbal fluency are most severely damaged.

[Efficacy and safety studies review of Teraligen usage in psychiatric practice and general medicine]. / Obzor issledovanii effektivnosti i bezopasnosti primeneniya preparata Teralidzhen v psikhiatricheskoi praktike i obshchei meditsine.

OBJECTIVE: Determination of the dose-dependent effect of the Teraligen for various nosological forms of disorders in psychiatric practice and general medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 98 publications included in the database of the RISC (2012-2021) with the identification of disorders (according to ICD-10) in which Teraligen is prescribed or can be used (in adults and children from the age of 7). RESULTS: Despite a rather long and successful history use, research work on the study drug Teraligen continues. Currently Teraligen is widely and actively used by doctors of various specialties in the psychiatry, neurology, pediatrics, gerontology, internal medicine, gastroenterology, gynecology, cardiology, endocrinology and other disciplines. The drug is presented in several release forms: Teraligen 5 mg tablets; Teraligen retard 20 mg; Teraligen solution for intravenous injections. Teraligen is characterized by the following psychotropic effects: anxiolytic (++ - a distinct, moderately pronounced effect); sedative (++); hypnotic (++); antidepressant (+ - the effect is distinct, but expressed slightly and does not determine the drug main prescriptions spectrum); antipsychotic (± - the effect is weakly expressed and clinically insignificant when using conventional (5-80 mg/day) drug dosages). CONCLUSION: According to the authors, the main effect of the «small¼ neuroleptic/antipsychotic Alimemazine (Teraligen ) is primarily aimed at pathological anxiety and affective instability. Its use is possible in various age groups, as it has a fairly high safety. In addition, like other «small¼ neuroleptics/antipsychotics with a predominantly sedative effect, the drug can be used to correct neuroleptics-prolongs side effects with dominant manifestations in the form of anxiety, irritability and insomnia.

[Correlations between the level of social functioning and the severity of psychopathology in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in remission]. / Sootnoshenie urovnya sotsial'nogo funktsionirovaniya i vyrazhennosti psikhopatologii u bol'nykh paranoidnoi shizofreniei v remissii.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the variants of correlations between the level of social functioning and the severity of psychopathological signs of disease in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in remission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty outpatients with paranoid schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20.0) were examined. The sample included 26 (52%) men and 24 (48%) women, aged from 24 to 64 years. Psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS, CDSS and PSP scales) and sociometric methods were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Correlations between clinical signs of disease and the level of social adaptation were found in 60% of patients, while in 40% of patients the correlations were not established. Based on the correlations between clinical symptoms assessed by the PANSS and the level of social adaptation (PSP), the authors singled out 4 groups: 1) compensated (compensation in clinical and social aspects), 2) decompensated (decompensation in clinical and social aspects), 3) adapted (severe clinical symptoms with satisfactory social compensation, 4) conflict (low level of clinical signs (nonpsychotic disorders) and marked social decompensation). These variants were found in 32%, 38%, 11% and 19% patients, respectively. This classification of psychosocial status may be a base for prospective studies of the efficacy of psychosocial and medical/rehabilitative measures.