ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in serum samples of 187 dogs from 30 rural properties surrounding Córrego do Veado Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The Reserve is one of the last lowland Atlantic Forest remnants of the region, surrounded by agriculture farms and cattle pastures. The presence of IgG antibodies was determined by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for T. gondii (cut-off 1:16) and N. caninum (cut-off 1:50). Positive samples were diluted 2-fold until the last positive dilution. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 77 (47.05%) dogs and antibodies to N. caninum in 22 dogs (11.76%) and one only dog was positive for both infections. No association between T. gondii and N. caninum infection and sex was observed (p>0.05). Control measures to prevent those infections in dogs that living surrounding the reserve and that had contact with wild animals are important to avoid the introduction of N. caninum in wild animals. This was the first study of frequency of occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs from Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/immunology , Neospora/immunology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Coccidiosis/immunology , Dogs , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in serum samples of 187 dogs from 30 rural properties surrounding Córrego do Veado Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The Reserve is one of the last lowland Atlantic Forest remnants of the region, surrounded by agriculture farms and cattle pastures. The presence of IgG antibodies was determined by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for T. gondii (cut-off 1:16) and N. caninum (cut-off 1:50). Positive samples were diluted 2-fold until the last positive dilution. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 77 (47.05%) dogs and antibodies to N. caninum in 22 dogs (11.76%) and one only dog was positive for both infections. No association between T. gondii and N. caninum infection and sex was observed (p>0.05). Control measures to prevent those infections in dogs that living surrounding the reserve and that had contact with wild animals are important to avoid the introduction of N. caninum in wild animals. This was the first study of frequency of occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum in dogs from Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de soro de 187 cães de 30 propriedades rurais do entorno da Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Espírito Santo, Brasil. A Reserva é um dos últimos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica da região, cercada por fazendas com agricultura e pastagens. A presença de anticorpos IgG foi determinada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta para T. gondii (ponto de corte de 1:16) e para N. caninum (ponto de corte de 1:50). As amostras positivas foram diluídas na base dois e tituladas. Anticorpos para T. gondii foram encontrados em 77 (47,05%) cães e para N. caninum em 22 (11,76%). Um cão foi positivo para ambas as infecções. Não houve associação entre a infecção pelo T. gondii e N. caninum e o sexo (p>0,05). Medidas de controle, para prevenir essas infecções em cães que vivem no entorno da reserva e com possibilidade de contato com animais selvagens, são importantes para evitar a introdução de N. caninum nos animais selvagens. Este foi o primeiro relato da frequência de anticorpos contra estes coccídios em cães do Espírito Santo, Brasil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Toxoplasma/immunology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Neospora/immunology , Dog Diseases/immunology , Brazil , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Coccidiosis/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinaryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the largest Brazilian mammal and despite being distributed in various Brazilian biomes, it is seriously endangered in the Atlantic Rainforest. These hosts were never evaluated for the presence of Trypanosoma parasites. METHODS: The Lowland tapirs were captured in the Brazilian southeastern Atlantic Rainforest, Espírito Santo state. Trypanosomes were isolated by hemoculture, and the molecular phylogeny based on small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) and glycosomal-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene sequences and the ultrastructural features seen via light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy are described. RESULTS: Phylogenetic trees using combined SSU rDNA and gGAPDH data sets clustered the trypanosomes of Lowland tapirs, which were highly divergent from other trypanosome species. The phylogenetic position and morphological discontinuities, mainly in epimastigote culture forms, made it possible to classify the trypanosomes from Lowland tapirs as a separate species. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated trypanosomes from Tapirus terrestris are a new species, Trypanosoma terrestris sp. n., and were positioned in a new Trypanosoma clade, named T. terrestris clade.
