ABSTRACT
The rapid development in nanotechnology has necessitated accurate and efficient assembly strategies for nanomaterials. Monolayer assembly of nanomaterials (MAN) represents a challenging and important architecture to manufacture and is critical in understanding interactions among nanomaterials, solvents, and substrates. MAN enables highly tunable performance in electronic and photonic devices. This review summarizes the recent progress on the methods to achieve MAN and discusses important control factors. Moreover, the importance of MAN is elaborated by a broad range of applications in electronics and photonics. In the end, the opportunities as well as challenges in manufacturing and new applications are outlooked.
ABSTRACT
Large osseous void, postsurgical neoplastic recurrence, and slow bone-cartilage repair rate raise an imperative need to develop functional scaffold in clinical osteosarcoma treatment. Herein, a bionic bilayer scaffold constituting croconaine dye-polyethylene glycol@sodium alginate hydrogel and poly(l-lactide)/hydroxyapatite polymer matrix is fabricated to simultaneously achieve a highly efficient killing of osteosarcoma and an accelerated osteochondral regeneration. First, biomimetic osteochondral structure along with adequate interfacial interaction of the bilayer scaffold provide a structural reinforcement for transverse osseointegration and osteochondral regeneration, as evidenced by upregulated specific expressions of collagen type-I, osteopontin, and runt-related transcription factor 2. Meanwhile, thermal ablation of the synthesized nanoparticles and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by continuously released hydroxyapatite induce residual tumor necrosis synergistically. To validate the capabilities of inhibiting tumor growth and promoting osteochondral regeneration of our proposed scaffold, a novel orthotopic osteosarcoma model simulating clinical treatment scenarios of bone tumors is established on rats. Based on amounts of in vitro and in vivo results, an effective killing of osteosarcoma and a suitable osteal-microenvironment modulation of such bionic bilayer composite scaffold are achieved, which provides insightful implications for photonic hyperthermia therapy against osteosarcoma and following osseous tissue regeneration.
