[Factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the current status of cognitive function of the older adults in Beijing, and to analyze the factors affecting their cognitive function. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire survy was conducted in 2023 among the older adults in Beijing. The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the Hong Kong brief cognitive test (HKBC) scale, a simple cognitive assessment tool. Using SPSS 27.0 to perform the descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis of factors, which affect cognitive function among the older adults. RESULTS: Totally 349 older adults were recruited, with the highest percentage of respondents aged 60-69 years (41.3%), of whom 58.7% were female, 88.0% of the respondents had a junior high school or above education level. Most of the older adults (68.8%) worked 35-48 h/week before they retired, and 14.0% of the older adults had a family history of dementia. After controlling age and gender, the linear regression analysis showed that marital status married (ß=0.501, 95%CI: 0.144-0.859) and 3-4 times physical activity per week (ß=0.617, 95%CI: 0.087-1.148) were protective factors of cognitive function in the older adults, and depressive symptoms were a risk factor (ß= -0.723, 95%CI: -1.198 to -0.247) of cognitive function for the older adults. CONCLUSION: In this study, the factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults was analyzed based on a life-cycle perspective. Lack of physical activity and depressive symptoms were risk factors for cognitive function among the older adults. It was suggested that strengthening physical activity, improving mental health of the older adults, as well as conducting preventive intervention in early stages of the life-cycle will be benefit for preventing and slowing cognitive decline in the older adults.

The relationship between unhealthy lifestyle patterns and depressive symptoms among residents in Beijing, China: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that has an irreversible impact on people's health status. Unhealthy lifestyles are modifiable and influence mental health significantly. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of different unhealthy lifestyles and their patterns on depressive symptoms. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the 2017 Community Diagnostic survey in Daxing District, Beijing. It was a cross-sectional study that included 6,252 samples. The Patient Health Questionnaire version 9 was used to measure depressive symptoms, and the self-administered questionaires were used to investigate five unhealthy lifestyles, including sleep deprivation, the inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Respondents were assigned 1 point for each of their unhealthy lifestyles, and their overall unhealthy lifestyle scores were calculated. The total scores of unhealthy lifestyles ranged from 0 to 5. Descriptive analyses and Firth's logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle and depression symptoms. Results: It was found that 12.1% of the participants had depressive symptoms. The respondents whose unhealthy lifestyle scores were 2 (OR1.45, 95%CI:1.01 to 2.12), 3 (OR2.29, 95%CI:1.57 to 3.42), 4 (OR 3.04, 95%CI:1.96 to 4.76), or 5 (OR4.08, 95%CI:2.09 to 7.78) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms in comparison with those whose unhealthy lifestyle scores were 0, and the OR increased with the unhealthy lifestyle scores. When the participants had 3 or more unhealthy lifestyles at the same time, different combination patterns of unhealthy lifestyles showed a different effect on depression. The OR was 3.01 (95%CI:1.45 to 5.95) for the combination of sleep deprivation-insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables-excessive alcohol consumption, and was 2.89 (95%CI:1.52 to 5.25) for the combination of sleep deprivation-insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables-physical inactivity-excessive alcohol consumption. Discussion: The co-existence of multiple unhealthy behavioral lifestyles are associated with depressive symptoms. Among the five unhealthy lifestyles, sleep deprivation and the inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables may have a greater impact on depression.