ABSTRACT
With the popularity of electric vehicles, the ever-increasing demand for high-capacity batteries highlights the need for monitoring the health status of batteries. In this article, we proposed a magnetic imaging technique (MIT) to investigate the health status of power batteries nondestructively. This technique is based on a magnetic sensor array, which consists of a 16-channel high-performance magnetoelectric sensor, and the noise equivalent magnetic induction (NEB) of each channel reaches 3-5 pT/Hz1/2@10 Hz. The distribution of the magnetic field is imaged by scanning the magnetic field variation of different positions on the surface. Therefore, the areas of magnetic anomalies are identified by distinguishing different magnetic field abnormal results. and it may be possible to classify the battery failure, so as to put forward suggestions on the use of the battery. This magnetic imaging method expands the application field of this high-performance magnetoelectric sensor and contributes to the battery's safety monitoring. Meanwhile, it may also act as an important role in other nondestructive testing fields.
ABSTRACT
Human Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell types exhibit a major resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death, and the key determinants of mechanisms accounting for TRAIL susceptibility, still remain controversial. Our previous studies showed that overexpression of survivin reduced sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL. The aim of this study is to investigate how tumor cells escape TRAIL-mediated surveillance through survivin expression and how to reverse the resistance of TRAIL-inducing apoptosis. Seven tumor cell lines were treated with or without TRAIL protein and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against survivin in culture. HepG(2) and SMMC7721 cells were treated with mimosine, thymidine or nocodazole to synchronize their cell cycle phases and then used to test their sensitivity to TRAIL. In vivo effects of TRAIL plasmid alone or in combination with survivin antisense ODNs on tumor growth were evaluated in a nude mouse hepatoma model of HepG(2) cell grafts. Varied levels of survivin mRNA in various cell lines were evaluated and negatively correlated to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Hepatoma HepG(2) and SMMC7721 cells in G (1) or S phase are more sensitive to TRAIL than those in G(2) phase. Treatment with survivin antisense ODNscaused S phase arrest and significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL protein caused G(2)/M arrest and resulted in an increase of survivin in HepG(2) cells. Combined TRAIL plasmid and survivin antisense ODNs significantly supressed the growth of tumor xenografts as compared to TRAIL plamid or antisense ODNs alone during four weeks of observation. The findings indicate that survivin may play a role in tumor cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, at least in part, through cell cycle regulation. Manipulation of survivin expression levels may sensitizes tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
