Ecoclimate drivers shape virome diversity in a globally invasive tick species.

Spillovers of viruses from animals to humans occur more frequently under warmer conditions, particularly arboviruses. The invasive tick species Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick, poses a significant public health threat due to its global expansion and its potential to carry a wide range of pathogens. We analyzed meta-transcriptomic data from 3595 adult H. longicornis ticks collected between 2016 and 2019 in 22 provinces across China encompassing diverse ecological conditions. Generalized additive modeling revealed that climate factors exerted a stronger influence on the virome of H. longicornis than other ecological factors, such as ecotypes, distance to coastline, animal host, tick gender, and antiviral immunity. To understand how climate changes drive the tick virome, we performed a mechanistic investigation using causality inference with emphasis on the significance of this process for public health. Our findings demonstrated that higher temperatures and lower relative humidity/precipitation contribute to variations in animal host diversity, leading to increased diversity of the tick virome, particularly the evenness of vertebrate-associated viruses. These findings may explain the evolution of tick-borne viruses into generalists across multiple hosts, thereby increasing the probability of spillover events involving tick-borne pathogens. Deep learning projections have indicated that the diversity of the H. longicornis virome is expected to increase in 81.9% of regions under the SSP8.5 scenario from 2019 to 2030. Extension of surveillance should be implemented to avert the spread of tick-borne diseases.

Dual mutations in the whitefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ß1 subunit confer target-site resistance to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides.

Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with resistance to neonicotinoids. However, to date, there have been no reports of target-site resistance involving mutation of B. tabaci nAChR genes. Here we characterize the nAChR subunit gene family of B. tabaci and identify dual mutations (A58T&R79E) in one of these genes (BTß1) that confer resistance to multiple neonicotinoids. Transgenic D. melanogaster, where the native nAChR Dß1 was replaced with BTß1A58T&R79E, were significantly more resistant to neonicotinoids than flies where Dß1 were replaced with the wildtype BTß1 sequence, demonstrating the causal role of the mutations in resistance. The two mutations identified in this study replace two amino acids that are highly conserved in >200 insect species. Three-dimensional modelling suggests a molecular mechanism for this resistance, whereby A58T forms a hydrogen bond with the R79E side chain, which positions its negatively-charged carboxylate group to electrostatically repulse a neonicotinoid at the orthosteric site. Together these findings describe the first case of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in B. tabaci and provide insight into the molecular determinants of neonicotinoid binding and selectivity.

Over-expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT353G2 confers resistance to neonicotinoids in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, comes up high metabolic resistance to most neonicotinoids in long-term evolution, which is the key problem of pest control. UGT glycosyltransferase, as a secondary detoxification enzyme, plays an indispensable role in detoxification metabolism. In this study, UGT inhibitors, 5-nitrouracil and sulfinpyrazone, dramatically augmented the toxic damage of neonicotinoids to B. tabaci. A UGT named UGT353G2 was identified in whitefly, which was notably up-regulated in resistant strain (3.92 folds), and could be induced by most neonicotinoids. Additionally, the using of RNA interference (RNAi) suppresses UGT353G2 substantially increased sensitivity to neonicotinoids in resistant strain. Our results support that UGT353G2 may be involved in the neonicotinoids resistance of whitefly. These findings will help further verify the functional role of UGTs in neonicotinoid resistance.

Effectiveness of an algorithm-driven home telemonitoring system on the metabolic control and self-care behaviour of Asian adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial.

AIM: Healthcare professionals are leveraging on telehealth to manage patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of patients using a novel tele-monitoring system (OPTIMUM) as compared to the standard of care. METHODS: An open-labelled randomised controlled trial involving 330 Asian patients with T2DM, aged 26-65 years, and suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c = 7.5-10%) was conducted in a Singapore public primary care clinic. The patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio by block randomization to the intervention group to receive: in-app video-based tele-education, tele-monitoring of the blood pressure (BP), capillary glucose and weight via Bluetooth devices and mobile application, followed by algorithm-based tele-management by the OPTIMUM telehealth care team for abnormal parameters. Patients received usual care in the control group. Clinical assessments and self-care-related questionnaires were administered for both groups at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Complete data of 159 (intervention) and 160 (control) patients with comparable demographic profiles were analysed. Those in the intervention group showed significantly lower HbA1c by 0.34% (95%CI = -0.57 to -0.11; p = 0.004); first measurement of systolic BP decreased by 2.98 mmHg (95%CI:-5.8 to -0.08; p = 0.044) and diastolic BP by 4.24 mmHg (95%CI = -6.0 to -2.47; p = 0.001); and total cholesterol by 0.18 mmol/L (95%CI: -0.34 to -0.01; p = 0.040) compared to the control group, after adjusting for baseline variables. Questionnaire scores showed significant improvements in medication adherence and self-care behaviour in the intervention group. No significant weight change was noted between groups. CONCLUSION: The OPTIMUM tele-monitoring system improved the glycaemic, BP and total cholesterol control in patients with suboptimal T2DM control by enhancing their medication adherence and self-care over 6 months.

Novel_miR-1517 mediates CYP6CM1 to regulate imidacloprid resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius).

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius) is a notorious pest that is capable of feeding on >600 kinds of agricultural crops. Imidacloprid is critical in managing pest with sucking mouthparts, such as B. tabaci. However, the field population of B. tabaci has evolved resistance because of insecticide overuse. The overexpression of the detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is considered the main mechanism of imidacloprid resistance, but the mechanism underlying gene regulation remains unclear. MicroRNAs are a type of endogenous small molecule compounds that is fundamental in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Whether miRNAs are related to the imidacloprid resistance of B. tabaci remains unknown. To gain deep insight into imidacloprid resistance, we conducted on miRNAs expression profiling of two B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) strains with 19-fold resistance through deep sequencing of small RNAs. A total of 8 known and 1591 novel miRNAs were identified. In addition, 16 miRNAs showed significant difference in expression levels between the two strains, as verified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Among these, novel_miR-376, 1517, and 1136 significantly expressed at low levels in resistant samples, decreasing by 36.9%, 60.2%, and 15.6%, respectively. Moreover, modulating novel_miR-1517 expression by feeding with 1517 inhibitor and 1517 mimic significantly affected B. tabaci imidacloprid susceptibility by regulating CYP6CM1 expression. In this article, miRNAs related to imidacloprid resistance of B. tabaci were systematically screened and identified, providing important information for the miRNA-based technological innovation for this pest management.

Application of apical negative pressure irrigation in the nonsurgical treatment of radicular cysts: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Radicular cysts are one of the most common odontogenic cystic lesions found in the jaw. Nonsurgical treatment of large radicular cysts is a topic of ongoing debate, and there is still no clear consensus on the most effective therapies. The apical negative pressure irrigation system aspirates the cystic fluid and releases the static pressure in the radicular cyst, representing a minimally invasive approach for decompression. In this case, the radicular cyst was in close proximity to the mandibular nerve canal. We used nonsurgical endodontic treatment with a homemade apical negative pressure irrigation system and the prognosis was good. CASE SUMMARY: A 27-year-old male presented to our Department of General Dentistry with complaints of pain in the mandibular right molar when chewing. The patient had no history of drug allergies or systemic disease. A multidisciplinary management approach was designed and included root canal retreatment with a homemade apical negative pressure irrigation system, deep margin elevation and prosthodontic treatment. According to a 1-year follow-up period, the patient showed a favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: This report reveals that nonsurgical treatment with an apical negative pressure irrigation system may provide new insights into the treatment of radicular cysts.

Knockdown of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ß1 Subunit Decreases the Susceptibility to Five Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) is a global pest of crops. Neonicotinoids are efficient insecticides used for control of this pest. Insecticidal targets of neonicotinoids are insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we characterized and cloned the full length of the nAChR ß1 subunit (BTß1) in B. tabaci and confirmed the consistency of BTß1 in B. tabaci MEAM1 and MED. Expression levels of BTß1 in different developmental stages and body parts of adults were investigated and compared in B. tabaci MED. dsRNA was prepared to knock down BTß1 in adult B. tabaci and significantly decreases the susceptibility to five neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran. This study indicated BTß1 as a notable site influencing the susceptibility of B. tabaci to neonicotinoids.

Egr-1 Enhances Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells by MDR1 Dependence

Abstract Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless, the appearance of MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) in tumor cells has become a significant hindrance for efficacious chemotherapy. In this study, we show that the expression level of Egr-1 (early growth response gene-1) in cancer tissues (from paclitaxel chemotherapy failure patients) and MCF-7/PTX cells (the breast cancer cell line that was resistant to paclitaxel) was increased. Cell proliferation assay and apoptosis assay revealed that Egr-1 could promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis in MCF-7/PTX. Mechanistic studies indicated that Egr-1 could bind to the proximal MDR1 promoter and enhance MDR1 transcription. These findings indicate that paclitaxel induced Egr-1 accumulation and upregulated the expression of MDR1, thereby inducing the drug resistance in MCF-7/PTX. Our results suggest a novel pathway by which paclitaxel induces MDR1 expression, possibly illuminating a potential target pathway for the prevention of MDR1-mediated drug resistance.

Metal-phenolic networks acted as a novel bio-filler of a barrier membrane to improve guided bone regeneration via manipulating osteoimmunomodulation.

A guided bone tissue regeneration membrane (GBRM) is traditionally viewed as an inert physical barrier to isolate soft tissue from the bone defect area. However, as a "foreign body", the implantation of a GBRM would inevitably modulate immune response and subsequently affect bone dynamics. Herein, we developed strontium ion (Sr2+)-based metal-phenolic network complexes (MPNs) as a novel type of bio-filler to manipulate the osteoimmunomodulation of the advanced GBRM. For controllable delivery of Sr2+ depending on the difference in affinity between phenolic ligands and Sr2+, tannic acid (TA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epigallocatechin (EGC) were selected to chelate with Sr2+. The formed MPNs were incorporated into PCL nanofibrous membranes by blending electrospinning. Among them, TA/Sr based MPN particles displayed the most sustainable release profile of phenolic ligands and Sr2+. Further investigations demonstrated that Sr2+ could not only directly promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but also manipulate an anti-inflammatory osteoimmune microenvironment in a synergistic manner with TA, thus enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting bone resorption. The rat alveolar bone defect model also confirmed that the TA/Sr nanoparticle modified membrane displayed better bone regeneration performance than the pure PCL membrane via inhibiting bone resorption. This work provides a new platform for controllable delivery of bioactive nutrient elements, and holds great promise for advancing multi-functional biocomposites.

Modulation Recognition of Communication Signals Based on Multimodal Feature Fusion.

Modulation recognition is the indispensable part of signal interception analysis, which has always been the research hotspot in the field of radio communication. With the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic spectrum environment, interference in signal propagation becomes more and more serious. This paper proposes a modulation recognition scheme based on multimodal feature fusion, which attempts to improve the performance of modulation recognition under different channels. Firstly, different time- and frequency-domain features are extracted as the network input in the signal preprocessing stage. The residual shrinkage building unit with channel-wise thresholds (RSBU-CW) was used to construct deep convolutional neural networks to extract spatial features, which interact with time features extracted by LSTM in pairs to increase the diversity of the features. Finally, the PNN model was adapted to make the features extracted from the network cross-fused to enhance the complementarity between features. The simulation results indicated that the proposed scheme has better recognition performance than the existing feature fusion schemes, and it can also achieve good recognition performance in multipath fading channels. The test results of the public dataset, RadioML2018.01A, showed that recognition accuracy exceeds 95% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches 8dB.

[Adsorption Capacity and Mechanism of Biochar Derived from Typical Agricultural Wastes for Cadmium in Aqueous Solutions].

Twelve biochar types were derived from animal manure (cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure) and crop straw (wheat straw, rice straw, and corn straw) at different temperatures (300℃/700℃ and 300℃/500℃) for Cd2+ in a solution system in the present study. A scanning electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and CHN analyzer were applied to analyze the physical and chemical properties, surface structure, and elemental composition of the biochar. The adsorption capacity and related mechanism of biochar for Cd2+ in an aqueous solution was studied. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure biochar for Cd2+ increased from 83.40, 19.65, and 96.74 mg·g-1 to 106.54, 268.89, and 164.53 mg·g-1, respectively, with the increase in pyrolysis temperature. With the increase in pyrolysis temperature, the pore structure of biochar became more abundant, oxygen-containing functional groups increased, and the aromatic structure appeared. Quantitative analyses revealed that ion exchange accounted for 12%-52%, chemical precipitation accounted for 27%-79%, complexation accounted for 1%-8%, and cation-π accounted for 1%-28% of the total adsorption capacity of Cd2+. With the increase in pyrolysis temperature, the proportion of cation-π interaction increased from 1%-13% to 8%-30%, but the proportion of chemical precipitation and ion exchange were still very high (70%-93%). Therefore, ion exchange and chemical precipitation could be the main mechanisms of agricultural waste biochar adsorption for Cd2+.

Effect of Al and La Doping on the Structure and Magnetostrictive Properties of Fe73Ga27 Alloy.

The changes of microstructure, magnetostriction properties and hardness of the Fe73Ga27-xAlx alloy and (Fe73Ga27-xAlx)99.9La0.1 alloy (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5) were studied by doping Al into the Fe73Ga27 and (Fe73Ga27)99.9La0.1 alloy, respectively. The results show that both the Fe73Ga27-xAlx alloy and (Fe73Ga27-xAlx)99.9La0.1 alloy are dominated by the A2 phase, and the alloy grains are obvious columnar crystals with certain orientations along the water-cooled direction. A proportion of Al atoms replaced Ga atoms, which changed the lattice constant of the alloy, caused lattice distortion, and produced vacancy effects which affected the magnetostriction properties. La atoms were difficult to dissolve in the matrix alloy which made the alloy grains smaller and enhanced the orientation along the (100) direction, resulting in greater magneto-crystalline anisotropy and greater tetragonal distortion, which is conducive to improving the magnetostriction properties. Fe73Ga24.5Al2.5 alloy has a saturation magnetostrictive strain of 74 ppm and a hardness value of 268.064 HV, taking into account the advantages of saturated magnetostrictive strain and high hardness. The maximum saturation magnetostrictive strain of the (Fe73Ga24.5Al2.5)99.9La0.1 alloy is 115 ppm and the hardness is 278.096 HV, indicating that trace La doping can improve the magnetostriction properties and deformation resistance of Fe-Ga alloy, which provides a new design idea for the Fe-Ga alloy, broadening their application in the field of practical production.

Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation.

A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.

Current susceptibilities of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens to triflumezopyrim and other frequently used insecticides in China.

The brown planthopper is a notorious rice pest in many areas of Asia. The evolution of insecticide resistance in Nilaparvata lugens has become a serious problem in the effective control of this pest in the paddy field. In this article, the current susceptibility of N. lugens field populations to novel mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim and major classes of chemical insecticides was determined and compared. The monitoring results indicated that field populations of N. lugens had developed low resistance to triflumezopyrim (resistance ratio, RR: 1.3-7.3-fold) during 2015-2018 in China, and the median lethal concentration values varied from 0.05 to 0.29 mg/L. Additionally, during 2017 to 2018, field populations of N. lugens showed high resistance levels to thiamethoxam (RR: 456.1-1025.6-fold), imidacloprid (RR: 2195.3-6899.0-fold) and buprofezin (RR: 1241.5-4521.7-fold), moderate to high resistance levels to dinotefuran (RR: 97.6-320.1-fold), clothianidin (RR: 69.4-230.1-fold) and isoprocarb (RR: 44.1-108.0-fold), and low to moderate levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos (RR: 12.0-29.7-fold) and nitenpyram (RR: 6.9-24.1-fold). In contrast, N. lugens just showed low resistance to sulfoxaflor (RR: 3.3-8.5-fold) and etofenprox (RR: 5.0-9.1-fold) in the field. Additionally, the P450 gene CYP6ER1 was found to be significantly overexpressed in all five field populations of N. lugens collected in 2018 when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. Our findings will provide useful information to delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in N. lugens.

1'H-Indole-3'-Carbonyl-Thiazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester Blocked Human Glioma Cell Invasion via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor's Regulation of Cytoskeletal Contraction.

Blocking glioma cell invasion has been challenging due to cancer cells that can swiftly switch their migration mode, and agents that can block more than one migration mode are sought after. We found that small molecule 2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist, can block more than one mode of glioma cell migration, based on cultured cell behavior captured by videos. Data from wound-healing assays and mouse xenograft glioma models corroborated ITE's migration-inhibiting effects while knocking down AHR by siRNA abolished these effects. To identify genes that mediated ITE-AHR's effect, we first collected gene expression changes upon ITE treatment by RNA-seq, then compared them against literature reported migration-related genes in glioma and that were potentially regulated by AHR. MYH9, a component of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA), was confirmed to be reduced by ITE treatment. When MYH9 was overexpressed in the glioma cells, a good correlation was observed between the expression level and the cell migration ability, determined by wound-healing assay. Correspondingly, overexpression of MYH9 abrogated ITE's migration-inhibiting effects, indicating that ITE-AHR inhibited cell migration via inhibiting MYH9 expression. MYH9 is essential for cell migration in 3D confined space and not a discovered target of AHR; the fact that ITE affects MYH9 via AHR opens a new research and development avenue.

Hsa_circ_0005075 promotes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in tumorigenesis and disease progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of hsa_circ_0005075 in human colorectal cancer are still poorly understood. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0005075 in colorectal cancer. Correlations of hsa_circ_0005075 expression with pathological parameters and overall survival were assessed. CCK-8 and Transwell invasion assays were utilized to determine the effect of hsa_circ_0005075 on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0005075 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues and intestinal polyps. Its expression level was associated with distal metastasis, invasion, tumor node metastasis stage, and tumor diameter in colorectal cancer, and was negatively correlated with overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, enforced expression of hsa_circ_0005075 potentiated the proliferation and invasive behavior of colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that hsa_circ_0005075 expression was increased in colorectal cancer and might serve as a promising diagnostic mark and therapy target of colorectal cancer.

Synergistic effect of paclitaxel and verapamil to overcome multi-drug resistance in breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of paclitaxel (PTX) and verapamil (VERA) on adriamycin (ADR)-resistant breast cancer (MCF-7/ADR) cells. METHODS: ATP-PCA was applied to determine the inhibitory effects of PTX combined with VERA on MCF-7/ADR cells. Edu, CCK-8 and Flow cytometry (FCM), Annexin V-FITC binding and Western blot were used to analyze the effects of combination therapy with PTX and VERA on cell proliferation, progression of cell cycle and cell apoptosis. RESULTS: PTX-based treatments with VERA enhanced killing effect on MCF-7/ADR cells. IC50 value of cell was significantly decreased in combination treatment compared with PTX administrated. VERA enhanced the efficacy and sensitivity of PTX to MCF-7/ADR cells. Combination of PTX and VERA could inhibit cell proliferation via arresting progression of cell cycle and promote cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: PTX, along with VERA, had a synergistic action in anti-tumor response and may be proposed as a novel treatment strategy for chemo-resistant breast cancer.

Inverse solubility of chitin/chitosan in aqueous alkali solvents at low temperature.

The low-temperature dissolving mechanism of chitin/chitosan in the alkali (LiOH, NaOH and KOH) aqueous solvents has not been well established yet. As revealed by our XRD and NMR methods, the prepared deacetylated chitins can be categorized as chitin (DA = 0.94-0.74), chitosan I (DA = 0.53-0.25) and chitosan II (DA < 0.25). Aqueous alkali exhibits fully different dissolving power in the above three regions, i.e., KOH > NaOH >> LiOH for chitin, KOH ≈ LiOH ≈ NaOH for chitosan I, and inverse LiOH >> KOH > NaOH for chitosan II. While in the two-alkali mixed solvent, NaOH or KOH can destroy the interaction of LiOH with D9 (chitosan II region) in the order of NaOH >> KOH, but LiOH cannot destroy the interaction of KOH with raw chitin. The varied solubility of chitin/chitosan in alkali solvent is suggested to be from the cation's preferential interaction rather than OH- ion and low temperature.

The expression of TRIAD1 and DISC1 after traumatic brain injury and its influence on NSCs.

BACKGROUND: After cerebral injury, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells are important for neural regeneration. METHODS: We used the SD rat to establish the traumatic brain injury model. Then, we verified molecular expression, interaction through Western blot, immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence, and other methods. All data were analyzed with Stata 8.0 statistical software. RESULTS: We showed for the first time that the interaction of TRIAD1 and DISC1 plays an important role in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation after traumatic brain injury. In a rat model of traumatic brain injury, we found that the expression of TRIAD1 increased progressively, reached a peak at 3 to 5 days, and then decreased gradually. While the expression level of DISC1 was correlated with TRIAD1, its expression level at 3 days was significantly lower than at other time points. Immunofluorescence on frozen brain sections showed that TRIAD1 and DISC1 are co-localized in neural stem cells. Immunoprecipitation data suggested that TRIAD1 may interact with DISC1. We transfected 293T tool cells with plasmids containing truncated fragments of TRIAD1 and DISC1 and used additional IPs to reveal that these two proteins interact via specific fragments. Finally, we found that overexpressing TRIAD1 and DISC1 in primary neural stem cells, via lentiviral transfection, significantly affected the proliferation and differentiation of those neural stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data show that the expression of TRIAD1 and DISC1 change after traumatic brain injury and that their interaction may affect the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Our research may provide a sufficient experimental basis for finding molecular targets for neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: We did not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants.

Ligand-Controlled Assembly of Heteropolyoxomolybdates from Plenary Keggin Germanomolybdates and Cu-Ln Heterometallic Units.

By virtue of combining an in-situ assembly process with a stepwise synthesis in conventional aqueous solution, two series of unique organic-inorganic hybrid heteropolyoxomolybdates were constructed from plenary Keggin germanomolybdates and Cu-Ln heterometallic units and fully characterized: [H2 INA]2 H8 [LnCu(INA)4 (H2 O)6 ]2 [α-GeMo12 O40 ]3 ⋅52 H2 O (Ln=La3+ (1), Ce3+ (2), Pr3+ (3), Nd3+ (4), Sm3+ (5), Eu3+ (6); HINA=isonicotinic acid) and (NH4 )[Cu(PA)2 ][Cu(PA)2 Ln(H2 O)8 ][α-GeMo12 O40 ]⋅10 H2 O (Ln=Nd3+ (7), Sm3+ (8), Eu3+ (9); HPA=picolinic acid). The most remarkable structural characteristic of compounds 1-6 was that their molecular units were defined by three discrete plenary Keggin [α-GeMo12 O40 ]4- polyoxoanions and two organic-inorganic hybrid heterometallic [LnCu(INA)4 (H2 O)6 ]+ moieties, whereas compounds 7-9 exhibited a nice-looking 1D chain-like structure that was built from plenary [α-GeMo12 O40 ]4- polyoxoanions, pendent [Cu(PA)2 ] complexes, and bridging {[Cu(PA)2 ][Ln(H2 O)8 ]}3+ heterometallic groups. Notably, two different pyridine carboxylic acid ligands led to the discrepancy between the two structure types. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1-9 constitute the first examples of plenary Keggin heterometallic germanomolybdates that include Cu-Ln-organic subunits. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 8 exhibited fast adsorption capacity for cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) in water. Moreover, compounds 3 and 8 could quickly and selectively adsorb MB from a mixture of MB/methyl orange (MO) or MB/azophloxine (Apo).