ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with severe burns continue to display a high mortality rate during the initial shock period. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the change in host response during severe burn shock remains unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes leading to the change in host response during burn shock. METHODS: The GSE77791 dataset, which was utilized in a previous study that compared hydrocortisone administration to placebo (NaCl 0.9%) in the inflammatory reaction of severe burn shock, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and then visualized in Cytoscape. In addition, important modules in this network were selected using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm, and hub genes were identified in cytoHubba, a Cytoscape plugin. RESULTS: A total of 1059 DEGs (508 downregulated genes and 551 upregulated genes) were identified from the dataset. The DEGs enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways were related to immune response. The PPI network contained 439 nodes and 2430 protein pairs. Finally, important modules and hub genes were identified using the different Cytoscape plugins. The key genes in burn shock were identified as arginase 1 (ARG1), cytoskeleton-associated protein (CKAP4), complement C3a receptor (C3AR1), neutrophil elastase (ELANE), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), orosomucoid (ORM1), and quiescin sulfhydryl (QSOX1). CONCLUSION: The DEGs, functional terms and pathways, and hub genes identified in the present study can help shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in host response during burn shock and provide potential targets for early detection and treatment of burn shock.
ABSTRACT
In this work, monoamine oxidase B was immobilised onto magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a new type of affinity solid-phase extraction adsorbent, which was used to extract the possible anti-neurodegenerative components from the Lonicera japonica flower extracts. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, two monoamine oxidase B ligands were fished-out and identified as isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C, which were found to be inhibitors of the enzyme for the first time, with similar half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 29.05 ± 0.49 and 29.77 ± 1.03 µM, respectively. Furthermore, equilibrium-dialysis dissociation assay of enzyme-inhibitor complex showed that both compounds have reversible binding patterns to monoamine oxidase B, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that they were mixed-type inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B, with Ki and Kis values of 9.55 and 37.24 µM for isochlorogenic acid A, 9.53 and 35.50 µM for isochlorogenic acid C, respectively. The results indicated that isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were the major active components responsible for the anti-degenerative activity of the flowers of L. japonica, while magnetic nanoparticles immobilised monoamine oxidase B could serve as an efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbent to specifically extract monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts.
