[Interobserver agreement in the assessment of pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography in community-acquired pneumonia]. / Detektion pneumonischer Infiltrate bei ambulant erworbener Pneumonie: Ubereinstimmung in der Befundung der Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahme.

PURPOSE: To assess interobserver agreement (IOA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-rays for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 7/2002 to 12/2005, 806 adults with CAP were included in the multicenter study "CAPNETZ" (7 hospitals). Inclusion criteria were clinical signs of pneumonia and pulmonary opacification on chest x-rays. Each x-ray was reevaluated by two radiologists from the university hospital in consensus reading against the interpreter at the referring hospital in regard to: presence of infiltrate (yes/no/equivocal), transparency (50%), localization, and pattern of infiltrates (alveolar/interstitial). The following parameters were documented: digital or film radiography, hospitalization, fever, findings of auscultation, microbiological findings. RESULTS: The overall IOA concerning the detection of infiltrates was 77.7% (n=626; CI 0.75-0.81), the infiltrates were not verified in 16.4% (n=132) by the referring radiologist with equivocal findings in 5.9% (n=48). The IOA of the different clinical centers varied between 63.2% (n=38, CI 0.48-0.78) and 92.3% (n=65, CI 0.86-0.99). The IOA for the diagnosis of infiltrates was significantly higher for inpatients with 82.6% (n=546; CI 0.80-0.85) than for outpatients with 55.2 % (n=80; CI 0.47-0.63), p<0.0001. The IOA of infiltrates with a transparency >50% was 95.1% (n=215; CI 0.92-0.98) versus 80.4% (n=403; CI 0.77-0.84) for infiltrates with a transparency >50% (p<0.0001). In patients with positive auscultation, the IOA was higher (p=0,034). Chest x-rays of patients with antibiotic therapy or an alveolar infiltrate showed more equivocal findings compared to patients without these features. CONCLUSION: There is considerable interobserver variability in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. The IOA is higher in more opaque infiltrates, positive auscultation and inpatients.

[Postoperative management of bone-anchored facial epitheses]. / Pflegemassnahmen bei knochenverankerten Gesichtsepithesen.

The long-term and successful treatment of facial defects with bone-anchored prostheses requires daily cleaning of the prosthesis, any retention elements and surrounding skin. This keeps a potential problem zone around the implant healthy and free of inflammation. Suitable concepts for care and cleaning aids are discussed.