Satisfacción estética y funcional tras reducción cerrada de fracturas nasales: implementación de la escala NOSE / Aesthetic and functional satisfaction after closed reduction of nasal fractures: implementation of the NOSE scale

Introducción y objetivo: La fractura nasal es la lesión facial más común y más del 50 % de todas las fracturas faciales en adultos. Debido a que en muchas ocasiones no es diagnosticada y tratada oportunamente, puede generar diferentes grados de limitación funcional y resultados estéticos indeseables. Pocos estudios evalúan la satisfacción de los pacientes tratados con técnica cerrada de reducción de fractura nasal. Nuestro objetivo es valorar la satisfacción funcional y estética posterior a reducción cerrada de fractura de huesos nasales en un hospital de Colombia, mediante la escala de evaluación de síntomas de obstrucción nasal (NOSE, por sus siglas en inglés - nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) y la escala estética subjetiva. Material y método: Estudio observacional analítico prospectivo de pacientes con fractura nasal llevados a reducción cerrada en el Hospital Universitario de Santander, Colombia. Se registraron las puntuaciones de las escalas NOSE y estética subjetiva, antes y 2 meses después de la cirugía. Resultados: Evaluamos 55 pacientes, 90.9% hombres. La mediana de edad fue de 31 años (RIC 24-48). El contexto de lesión principal fue violencia física (40%), seguido de accidente de tránsito (32.7%). Tras el procedimiento, los pacientes presentaron mejoría de obstrucción nasal medida con la escala NOSE (p<0.001); antes de la cirugía el 89% presentaba obstrucción nasal moderada-severa, posteriormente descendió a 14.5%. La escala NOSE mostró fabilidad por consistencia interna con alfa de Cronbach de 0.8317. Tras la cirugía hubo aumento de la satisfacción respecto al aspecto nasal (p<0.001). Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, el cuestionario NOSE permitió cuantificar la mejora de síntomas de obstrucción nasal en pacientes con reducción cerrada por fractura de huesos nasales. Observamos mejoría de síntomas obstructivos nasales y aumento de satisfacción estética.Nivel de evidencia científica 4c Terapéutico.(AU)

Background and objective: Nasal fracture is the most common facial injury, accounting for more than 50% of all facial fractures in adults. Because it is often not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can generate different degrees of functional limitation and undesirable aesthetic results. Few studies evaluate the satisfaction of patients treated with the closed nasal fracture reduction technique. Our objective is to evaluate functional and aesthetic satisfaction after closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture in a hospital in Colombia, using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) and subjective aesthetic scales. Methods: Prospective analytical observational study of patients with nasal fractures undergoing closed reduction at the University Hospital of Santander, Colombia. The scores of the NOSE scales and subjective aesthetics were recorded, before and 2 months after surgery. Results: We evaluated 55 patients, 90.9% men. Median age 31 years (IQR 24-48). The main injury context was physical violence (40%), followed by traffic accident (32.7%). After the procedure, the patients presented improvement in nasal obstruction measured with the NOSE scale (p<0.001); before surgery, 89% had moderate-severe nasal obstruction, later it decreased to 14.5%. The NOSE scale showed reliability due to internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.8317. After surgery, there was an increase in satisfaction regarding the nasal appearance (p<0.001). Conclusions: The NOSE questionnaire allows us to quantify the improvement of nasal obstruction symptoms in patients with closed reduction due to nasal bone fracture. Improvement of nasal obstructive symptoms and increased aesthetic satisfaction was observed.Level of evidence 4c Terapeutic.(AU)

PATHOGENS IN QUAILS OF THE TRANS-PECOS ECOREGION OF TEXAS.

Texas quail populations have declined over the past few decades. While habitat loss has been identified as the primary cause, it has been speculated that pathogens may also play a role in this decline. To help address this, we collected scaled quail, Callipepla squamata, Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii, and Montezuma quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae, from across the Trans-Pecos ecoregion of Texas via hunter-harvest. Quail samples were then necropsied to document pathogens not previously recorded in the host species. Pathogens were submitted to the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Lab (TVMDL), where parasite identification and histopathological analyses were conducted. From this, we identified several parasites that had never been documented in the quails of the Trans-Pecos ecoregion of Texas. This study was the first to document Mycobacterium sp. and Sarcocystis sp. in scaled quail, Subulura sp. and Physaloptera sp. in Montezuma quail, and Oxyspirura petrowi and Aulonocephalus pennula in a Texas Gambel's quail.

Transient production of receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induces specific antibodies in immunized mice.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has currently affected millions of people around the world. To combat the rapid spread of COVID-19 there is an urgent need to implement technological platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic systems by the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) present in the viral surface spike protein and its human receptor ACE2. The RBD protein is therefore considered as the target for potential subunit-based vaccines. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluate the use of Nicotiana benthamiana plants as the host to transiently-producing recombinant RBD (RBDr) protein. The identity of the plant-produced RBDr was confirmed by immune assays and mass spectrometry. Immunogenicity was confirmed through the specific antibodies generated in all of the immunized mice compared to the PBS treated group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusions, the immunogenicity of the RBDr produced in N. benthamiana was confirmed. These findings support the use of plants as an antigen expression system for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.

Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV/AIDS from Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Prior research has established some risk factors for an increased risk of severe disease and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the impact of HIV infection on SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity is a significant gap in the literature. In the same way, not many studies across the globe have analyzed the degree of vaccination willingness among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and considerations regarding prioritizing this population during vaccination plans, particularly in developing countries. METHODS: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Self-completed electronic surveys directed to PLWHA were performed via Twitter in February 2021, using accounts of HIV activists. RESULTS: 460 (87.1%) participants were willing to be vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine. The reasons for that were listed as 1) the belief that vaccination prevents both the COVID-19 infection (81.3%) as well as being a spreader (52.2%); 2) having a high occupational risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 (22%); and 3) the belief that they would be at high risk of death because of COVID-19 (21.3%). Only 56 (10.6%) participants expressed hesitancy toward vaccination, and 12 (2.2%) stated they did not want to get vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: Our results may support the prioritization of people living with HIV during the implementation of vaccination plans in developing countries. New strategies should be adopted to overcome the hesitancy and unwillingness toward the COVID-19 vaccination, especially in populations with risk factors for severe disease.

Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia.

Uncontrolled diabetes results in several metabolic alterations including hyperglycemia. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that this condition may induce susceptibility and the development of more aggressive infectious diseases, especially those caused by some bacteria (including Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, among others) and viruses [such as coronavirus 2 (CoV2), Influenza A virus, Hepatitis B, etc.]. Although the precise mechanisms that link glycemia to the exacerbated infections remain elusive, hyperglycemia is known to induce a wide array of changes in the immune system activity, including alterations in: (i) the microenvironment of immune cells (e.g., pH, blood viscosity and other biochemical parameters); (ii) the supply of energy to infectious bacteria; (iii) the inflammatory response; and (iv) oxidative stress as a result of bacterial proliferative metabolism. Consistent with this evidence, some bacterial infections are typical (and/or have a worse prognosis) in patients with hypercaloric diets and a stressful lifestyle (conditions that promote hyperglycemic episodes). On this basis, the present review is particularly focused on: (i) the role of diabetes in the development of some bacterial and viral infections by analyzing preclinical and clinical findings; (ii) discussing the possible mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may increase the susceptibility for developing infections; and (iii) further understanding the impact of hyperglycemia on the immune system.

ß-Adrenoceptor Blockade for Infantile Hemangioma Therapy: Do ß3-Adrenoceptors Play a Role?

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are frequent (4-5% of the childhood population) benign vascular tumors that involve accumulation, proliferation, and differentiation of aberrant vascular cells. Typically, IH are innocuous and spontaneously disappear, but they represent a potential risk for harmful effects in the body (e.g., permanent disfigurement) and health (e.g., ulcerations) in some patients. From a serendipitous discovery, the nonselective ß-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol (which blocks ß1-adrenoceptors, ß2-adrenoceptors, and ß3-adrenoceptors) emerged as an alternative therapy to treat this pathology and it quickly became a first-line treatment for IH. Nevertheless, its specific mechanisms of action remain thus far unknown. In this respect, several studies have suggested that ß1-adrenoceptors and ß2-adrenoceptors play a role in proliferative and angiogenic mechanisms. However, current basic research studies suggest that ß3-adrenoceptors could be also involved. Notably, ß3-adrenoceptors stimulate multiple intracellular pathways related to vascular function (e.g., blood flow, angiogenesis, etc.). This review compiles some lines of evidence suggesting that ß3-adrenoceptors may: (1) play a role in the pathophysiology of IH and (2) represent a potential therapeutic target for IH treatment. Hence, clinical evidence is mandatory to decide whether incorporation of ß3-adrenoceptor blockers into the therapeutic armamentarium may increase effectiveness in the treatment of IH and other vascular anomalies.

Modifications in lipid levels are independent of serum TNF-α in rheumatoid arthritis: results of an observational 24-week cohort study comparing patients receiving etanercept plus methotrexate or methotrexate as monotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the modifications in lipids between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept plus methotrexate (ETA + MTX) versus methotrexate (MTX) and their relationship with serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). METHODS: In an observational cohort study, we compared changes in lipid levels in patients receiving ETA + MTX versus MTX in RA. These groups were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 24 weeks, measuring clinical outcomes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TNF-α. RESULTS: Baseline values for lipid levels were similar in both groups. HDL-C levels increased significantly only in the ETA + MTX group (from 45.5 to 50.0 mg/dL at 4 weeks, a 10.2% increase, P < 0.001, and to 56.0 mg/dL at 24 weeks, a 25.1% increase, P < 0.001), while other lipids underwent no significant changes. ETA + MTX also exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α (44.8 pg/mL at baseline versus 281.4 pg/mL at 24 weeks, P < 0.001). The MTX group had no significant changes in lipids or TNF-α. Significant differences in HDL-C between groups were observed at 24 weeks (P = 0.04) and also in TNF-α (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: HDL-C levels increased significantly following treatment with ETA + MTX, without a relationship with decrease of TNF-α.

Panel: International cooperation in food protection: "From the farm to the table"; Food safety in the international livestock trade

Inter-American Meeting, at the Minister Level, on Animal Health, 11. Pan American Health Organization; 13-15 April 1999

Panel: Cooperación Internacional en protección de alimentos, "de la granja al consumidor": Inocuidad de los alimentos en el comercio agropecuario internacional / Panel: International cooperation in food protection: "From the farm to the table"; Food safety in the international livestock trade

Reunion Interamericana de Salud Animal a Nivel Ministerial, 11. Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud; 13-15 abril 1999

Alcances del bloqueo ductal con prolamina en el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda necrohemorrágica experimental / Ductal blockade with prolamine in the treatment of experimental necrohemorrhagic acute pancreatitis

Se presenta una serie compuesta por 10 perros que fueron inducidos a pancreatitis aguda grave mediante la inyección intraductal de cloruro de calcio. Después de 12 horas, y en una nueva operación, se les realizó la administración del Ethibloc. Los resultados de este nuevo enfoque terapéutico demostraron también en esta serie, la reducción de la mortalidad del 100% dentro de las 36 horas, característica del cloruro de calcio al 10%. Se analizan los resultados de su evolución clínica y se describen los hallazgos anatomopatológicos comparándolos con las series anteriores (AU)

Alcances del bloqueo ductal con prolamina en el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda necrohemorrágica experimental / Ductal blockade with prolamine in the treatment of experimental necrohemorrhagic acute pancreatitis

Se presenta una serie compuesta por 10 perros que fueron inducidos a pancreatitis aguda grave mediante la inyección intraductal de cloruro de calcio. Después de 12 horas, y en una nueva operación, se les realizó la administración del Ethibloc. Los resultados de este nuevo enfoque terapéutico demostraron también en esta serie, la reducción de la mortalidad del 100% dentro de las 36 horas, característica del cloruro de calcio al 10%. Se analizan los resultados de su evolución clínica y se describen los hallazgos anatomopatológicos comparándolos con las series anteriores