Assessment of the Impact of Humic Acids on Intestinal Microbiota, Gut Integrity, Ileum Morphometry, and Cellular Immunity of Turkey Poults Fed an Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet.

A recent study published data on the growth performance, relative weights of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver histology, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters for turkey poults fed an experimental diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost. The negative effects of AFB1 (250 ng AFB1/g of feed) were significantly reduced by HA supplementation (0.25% w/w), suggesting that HA might be utilized to ameliorate the negative impact of AFB1 from contaminated diets. The present study shows the results of the remaining variables, as an extension of a previously published work which aimed to evaluate the impact of HA on the intestinal microbiota, gut integrity, ileum morphometry, and cellular immunity of turkey poults fed an AFB1-contaminated diet. For this objective, five equal groups of 1-day-old female Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly assigned to the following treatments: negative control (basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 250 ng AFB1/g), HA (basal diet + 0.25% HA), HA + AFB1 (basal diet + 0.25% HA + 250 ng AFB1/g), and Zeolite (basal diet + 0.25% zeolite + 250 ng AFB1/g). In the experiment, seven replicates of ten poults each were used per treatment (n = 70). In general, HA supplementation with or without the presence of AFB1 showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of beneficial butyric acid producers, ileum villi height, and ileum total area, and a significant reduction in serum levels of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), a marker of intestinal integrity. In contrast, poults fed with AFB1 showed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and lower numbers of beneficial bacteria, clearly suggesting gut dysbacteriosis. Moreover, poults supplemented with AFB1 displayed the lowest morphometric parameters and the highest intestinal permeability. Furthermore, poults in the negative and positive control treatments had the lowest cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response. These findings suggest that HA supplementation enhanced intestinal integrity (shape and permeability), cellular immune response, and healthier gut microbiota composition, even in the presence of dietary exposure to AFB1. These results complement those of the previously published study, suggesting that HA may be a viable dietary intervention to improve gut health and immunity in turkey poults during aflatoxicosis.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of a Formulation Containing Ascorbic Acid and Eudragit FS 30D Microparticles for the Controlled Release of a Curcumin-Boric Acid Solid Dispersion in Turkey Poults Infected with Salmonella enteritidis: A Therapeutic Model.

The selection of components within a formulation or for treatment must stop being arbitrary and must be focused on scientific evidence that supports the inclusion of each one. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to obtain a formulation based on ascorbic acid (AA) and Eudragit FS 30D microparticles containing curcumin-boric acid (CUR-BA) considering interaction studies between the active components carried out via Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to minimize antagonistic effects, and comprehensively and effectively treat turkey poults infected with Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis). The DSC and FTIR studies clearly demonstrated the interactions between AA, BA, and CUR. Consequently, the combination of AA with CUR and/or BA should be avoided, but not CUR and BA. Furthermore, the Eudragit FS 30D microparticles containing CUR-BA (SD CUR-BA MP) showed a limited release of CUR-BA in an acidic medium, but they were released at a pH 6.8-7.0, which reduced the interactions between CUR-BA and AA. Finally, in the S. enteritidis infection model, turkey poults treated with the combination of AA and SD CUR-BA MP presented lower counts of S. enteritidis in cecal tonsils after 10 days of treatment. These results pointed out that the use of an adequate combination of AA and CUR-BA as an integral treatment of S. enteritidis infections could be a viable option to replace the indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

Enhanced Inhibition of Amyloid Formation by Heat Shock Protein 90 Immobilized on Nanoparticles.

As the population ages, an epidemic of neurodegenerative diseases with devastating social consequences is looming. To address the pathologies leading to amyloid-related dementia, novel therapeutic strategies must be developed for the treatment or prevention of neural protein-folding disorders. Nanotechnology will be crucial to this scenario, especially in the design of nanoscale systems carrying therapeutic compounds that can navigate the nervous system and identify amyloid to treat it in situ. In this line, we have recently designed a highly simplified and versatile nanorobot consisting of a protein coating based on the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone that not only propels nanoparticles using ATP but also endows them with the extraordinary ability to fold and restore the activity of heat-denatured proteins. Here, we assess the effectiveness of these nanosystems in inhibiting/reducing the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins. Using Raman spectroscopy, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyze amyloid by identifying and semi-quantifying the Amide I band. Our findings indicate that the coupling of Hsp90 to nanoparticles results in a more potent inhibition of amyloid formation when compared to the soluble protein. We propose that this enhanced performance may be attributed to enhanced release-capture cycles of amyloid precursor oligomers by Hsp90 molecules nearby on the nanosurface. Intelligent biocompatible coatings, like the one described here, that enhance the diffusivity and self-propulsion of nanoparticles while enabling them to carry out critical functions such as environmental scanning, identification, and amyloid prevention, present an exceptional opportunity for the development of advanced nanodevices in biomedical applications. This approach, which combined active biomolecules with synthetic materials, is poised to reveal remarkable prospects in the field of nanomedicine and biotechnology.

Fibrilación auricular por vía accesoria con patrón de preexcitación ventricular: Informe de un caso / Atrial fibrillation by accessory pathway with pattern of ventricular pre-excitation: A case report

RESUMEN La fibrilación auricular por vía accesoria es una peligrosa enfermedad que puede provocar muerte súbita; es poco frecuente y necesita una conducta exacta, mucho más si aparece un patrón de preexcitación ventricular. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente masculino de 17 años de edad y piel blanca, con antecedentes de palpitaciones cortas a esfuerzos moderados y pérdida ocasional del conocimiento de breve duración, sin otra sintomatología asociada. Al momento del ingreso presenta un cuadro de palpitaciones, fatiga, palidez e hipotensión arterial, y en el electrocardiograma se observa una taquicardia con QRS ancho, irregular, con onda delta y frecuencia ventricular rápida, que fue interpretada como fibrilación auricular preexcitada. Se realizó cardioversión eléctrica sincronizada al QRS con 100 julios y se logró restaurar el ritmo sinusal con patrón electrocardiográfico de preexitación ventricular (síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White).

ABSTRACT Atrial fibrillation by accessory pathway is a dangerous disease that can cause sudden death, it is rare and it needs a careful management, even more, if a pattern of ventricular pre-excitation appears. The case of a white skin 17-year-old teenager with a history of short palpitations at moderate effort, and occasional loss of consciousness of short duration, without other associated symptoms, is presented. At the moment of admission, he presents palpitations, fatigue, pallor and low blood pressure; in the electrocardiogram a tachycardia with wide, irregular QRS, with delta wave and rapid ventricular rate is observed, which was interpreted as pre-excited atrial fibrillation. Synchronized electrical cardioversion to QRS with 100 joules was performed, and sinus rhythm was restored with electrocardiographic pattern of ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome).

Evolución electrocardiográfica infrecuente de la oclusión total de la arteria descendente anterior: Patrón de «de Winter¼ a propósito de un caso / Infrequent electrocardiographic pattern of complete left anterior descending artery occlusion: The "de Winter" pattern apropos of a case

RESUMEN El diagnóstico acertado a través del electrocardiograma es invaluable a la hora de establecer la conducta ante un síndrome coronario agudo. Se hace una breve revisión de la literatura, a propósito de un caso con patrón de «de Winter¼, el cual constituye un patrón electrocardiográfico infrecuente de oclusión total de la arteria descendente anterior y que provoca, al desconocerlo, una demora en la realización del procedimiento necesario en cada caso. Se presenta su evolución electrocardiográfica y el seguimiento posterior, con el objeto de no obviar la importante herramienta que continua siendo el electrocardiograma en la cardiología moderna.

ABSTRACT Accurate diagnosis through the electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial when it comes to establishing certain behavior in the presence of an acute coronary syndrome. A brief review of the literature was carried out apropos of a case of de Winter ECG pattern which is an infrequent electrocardiographic pattern of complete left anterior descending artery occlusion that, if overlooked, causes the procedures required in each case to be unnecessarily delayed. Its electrocardiographic course and subsequent follow-up are presented so as not to forget that the electrocardiogram continues to be an invaluable and powerful tool in modern cardiology.

Rare-Earth Zirconate Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) Powders, Xerogels, and Aerogels: Preparation, Structure, and Properties.

The physicochemical properties of rare-earth zirconates can be tuned by the rational modification of their structures and phase compositions. In the present work, La3+-, Nd3+-, Gd3+-, and Dy3+-zirconate nanostructured materials were prepared by different synthetic protocols, leading to powders, xerogels, and, for the first time, monolithic aerogels. Powders were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, while xerogels and aerogels were synthesized by the sol-gel technique, followed by ambient and supercritical drying, respectively. Their microstructures, thermogravimetric profiles, textural properties, and crystallographic structures are reported. The co-precipitation method led to dense powders (SBET < 1 m2 g-1), while the sol-gel technique resulted in large surface area xerogels (SBET = 144 m2 g-1) and aerogels (SBET = 168 m2 g-1). In addition, the incorporation of lanthanide ions into the zirconia lattice altered the crystal structures of the powders, xerogels, and aerogels. Single-phase pyrochlores were obtained for La2Zr2O7 and Nd2Zr2O7 powders and xerogels, while defect fluorite structures formed in the case of Gd2Zr2O7 and Dy2Zr2O7. All aerogels contain a mixture of cubic and tetragonal ZrO2 phases. Thus, a direct effect is shown between the drying conditions and the resulting crystalline phases of the nanostructured rare-earth zirconates.

Synthesis of a Tetracorannulene-perylenediimide That Acts as a Selective Receptor for C60 over C70.

We report the use of a tetraborylated perylenediimide as starting material for the preparation of a tetracorannulene-perylenediimide that is able to bind up to two fullerene-C60 molecules by host-guest molecular recognition with preference over C70. Titration with fullerene-C60 is followed by a dramatic shift of the aromatic signals in 1H NMR and an initial increase in the fluorescence of the system. By this simple mechanism, fluorogenic sensing of fullerene-C60 is easily accomplished by an unprecedented fluorescent turn-on mechanism.

Effect of humic acids on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction model to induce intestinal permeability in broiler chickens.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acids (HA) on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction (FR) model to induce intestinal permeability in chickens. One-day-old male Cobb-Vantress broilers were randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 25 chickens), with or without 0.2% of isolated HA from worm-compost, and placed in brooder batteries. Chicks had ad libitum access to water and feed for 14 days. Intestinal permeability was induced by 24 hr FR starting at 14 days. At 15 days of age, chickens in both groups were given an appropriate dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) by oral gavage. Intestine and liver samples were also collected to evaluate viscosity and bacterial translocation (BT), respectively. An increase (p < .05) in intestinal viscosity was observed in the experimental group consuming 0.2% of HA and was confirmed in a published in vitro digestion model that simulates the chemical and physical conditions of the crop, proventriculus and intestine of chickens. Furthermore, the treated group also showed a significant reduction in FITC-d, liver BT and ammonia in the manure. These results suggest that HA have a positive impact in intestinal integrity in chickens.

Relocation of Dodecaseta McCammon & Stull, 1978 (Annelida, Capitellidae) in Notodasus Fauchald, 1972.

The capitellid polychaete genus Dodecaseta McCammon & Stull, 1978 is relocated in Notodasus Fauchald, 1972. Two species are redescribed based on examination of type material and three new combinations are proposed: Notodasus oraria (McCammon & Stull, 1978), N. eibyejacobseni (Green, 2002). N. fauchaldi (Green, 2002). N. kristiani (García-Garza et al., 2009), is synonymized under N. oraria. Some comments on Dasybranchus lumbricoides Grube, 1878 are included.

[Spontaneous liver rupture in a patient with choledocholithiasis resolved by ERCP]. / Ruptura hepática espontánea en paciente con antecedente de coledocolitiasis resuelta por colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscópica.

We present the case of a 34 years old female patient who presents with abdominal pain and elevated total and direct bilirrubins, so she underwent ERCP Reporting: a) successful sphincterotomy without complications, b) choledocholithias is endoscopically resolved, c) secondary cholangitis. She developed significant abdominal pain at 72 h, with hypovolemic shock and peritoneal irritation. She was taken to the surgery, finding a grade III liver laceration. This one was resolved with liver raffia and packing, during the same operative time cholecystectomy was performed. A second look was performed at 24 h, achieving adequate control of bleeding after placing hemostatic (Nexstat®). The patient developed a subdiaphragmatic abscess which needed drainage by another laparotomy. After which the patient had a satisfactory evolution, so she was discharged.

Pycnogonids associated with the giant lion´s-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby) in Ojo de Liebre Bay, Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Five species of epibenthic pycnogonids collected on the giant lion´s-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus are recorded. A new species of Eurycyde, Eurycyde bamberi, is described. Of the 19 species known in this genus; the new species is closest to Eurycyde hispida Kroyer, 1844 but differs from it in the absence of plumose spines and the shapes of the lateral process, first coxa, and ocular tubercle. The new species represents the third member of Eurycyde from the eastern Pacific in addition to Eurycyde spinosa Hilton, 1916 and Eurycyde clitellaria Stock, 1955. Besides Eurycyde bamberi, the following species were collected: Nymphopsis duodorsospinosa Hilton, 1942c; Callipallene californiensis (Hall, 1913); Nymphon lituus Child, 1979; and Pycnogonum rickettsi Schmitt, 1934. Pycnogonum rickettsi is recorded for first time from Mexican waters, as is Nymphon lituus from the western coast of Baja California Peninsula. Each of these four species are re-described and re-illustrated in order to fill in existing gaps in the literature of the region.

Segmentation and Classification of Bone Marrow Cells Images Using Contextual Information for Medical Diagnosis of Acute Leukemias.

Morphological identification of acute leukemia is a powerful tool used by hematologists to determine the family of such a disease. In some cases, experienced physicians are even able to determine the leukemia subtype of the sample. However, the identification process may have error rates up to 40% (when classifying acute leukemia subtypes) depending on the physician's experience and the sample quality. This problem raises the need to create automatic tools that provide hematologists with a second opinion during the classification process. Our research presents a contextual analysis methodology for the detection of acute leukemia subtypes from bone marrow cells images. We propose a cells separation algorithm to break up overlapped regions. In this phase, we achieved an average accuracy of 95% in the evaluation of the segmentation process. In a second phase, we extract descriptive features to the nucleus and cytoplasm obtained in the segmentation phase in order to classify leukemia families and subtypes. We finally created a decision algorithm that provides an automatic diagnosis for a patient. In our experiments, we achieved an overall accuracy of 92% in the supervised classification of acute leukemia families, 84% for the lymphoblastic subtypes, and 92% for the myeloblastic subtypes. Finally, we achieved accuracies of 95% in the diagnosis of leukemia families and 90% in the diagnosis of leukemia subtypes.

Effects of the comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles in the rumen on in situ estimates of protein and amino acid digestion of expeller palm kernel and rapeseed meal.

BACKGROUND: Microbial corrected effective in situ estimates of ruminal undegraded fraction (RU) and intestinal effective digestibility (IED) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of expeller palm kernel (EPK) and rapeseed meal (RSM) were measured on three rumen- and duodenum-cannulated wethers using ¹5N labelling techniques and considering ruminal rates of comminution (k(c)) and outflow (k(p)) of particles. RESULTS: The lack of k(c) and microbial correction overestimated the RU of DM by 4.91% (EPK) and 9.88% (RSM). The lack of this correction also overestimated in both feeds the RU of CP, individual and total (TAA) AA as well as the IED of DM, CP, TAA and most AA. RU estimates were higher for CP than for TAA, but the opposite was observed for IED. The intestinal digested fraction was higher for CP than for TAA: 17.4% (EPK) and 13.8% (RSM). Digestion led to large changes in the essential AA profile in both feeds. CONCLUSION: The lack of k(c) and microbial correction as well as CP-based results leads to considerable overestimations in the protein use of both feeds. Digestion aggravates the lysine deficiency of EPK but has global positive effects in the absorbed profile of RSM.

Comportamiento de la estimulación eléctrica en el municipio de Sagua la Grande en el período 2005-2011 / Behavior of cardiac pacing in the municipality of Sagua la Grande from 2005 to 2011

Introducción: El implante de marcapasos permanente es cada vez más necesario para lograr disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la implantación de estos en el municipio Sagua la Grande. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y longitudinal, prospectiva y retrospectiva, en un grupo de pacientes a los que se les implantó marcapasos en el Hospital Mártires del 9 de abril, de Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, Cuba, desde el año 2005 al 2011. Resultados: Se implantaron 151 marcapasos, de los cuales 134 fueron primoimplantes y 19, reutilizados. El 59,6 por ciento de la muestra pertenecía al sexo masculino, el 94 por ciento de los pacientes fueron mayores de 65 años, y el 53 por ciento de los implantes se realizó de forma ambulatoria. La vía de acceso más empleada fue la vena cefálica que alcanzó el 58,3 por ciento de los procedimientos realizados, la causa más frecuente fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular en el 51 por ciento de los casos y la complicación más encontrada fue el desplazamiento del electrodo, que se diagnosticó en el 3,3 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Los pacientes eran mayormente ancianos, con gran diferencia (15:1); se implantaron más marcapasos en hombres que en mujeres (1,5:1), la vía más usada fue la cefálica (2:1 respecto a la subclavia). La principal causa de implante fue el bloqueo aurículo-ventricular. La complicación más frecuente fue el desplazamiento del electrodo y el procedimiento pudo realizarse de forma ambulatoria sin incrementar el riesgo(AU)

Mobile personal health system for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

The ARVmobile v1.0 is a multiplatform mobile personal health monitor (PHM) application for ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring that has the potential to aid in the acquisition and analysis of detailed profile of ABP and heart rate (HR), improve the early detection and intervention of hypertension, and detect potential abnormal BP and HR levels for timely medical feedback. The PHM system consisted of ABP sensor to detect BP and HR signals and smartphone as receiver to collect the transmitted digital data and process them to provide immediate personalized information to the user. Android and Blackberry platforms were developed to detect and alert of potential abnormal values, offer friendly graphical user interface for elderly people, and provide feedback to professional healthcare providers via e-mail. ABP data were obtained from twenty-one healthy individuals (>51 years) to test the utility of the PHM application. The ARVmobile v1.0 was able to reliably receive and process the ABP readings from the volunteers. The preliminary results demonstrate that the ARVmobile 1.0 application could be used to perform a detailed profile of ABP and HR in an ordinary daily life environment, bedsides of estimating potential diagnostic thresholds of abnormal BP variability measured as average real variability.

Discovering human immunodeficiency virus mutational pathways using temporal Bayesian networks.

OBJECTIVE: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the fastest evolving organisms in the planet. Its remarkable variation capability makes HIV able to escape from multiple evolutionary forces naturally or artificially acting on it, through the development and selection of adaptive mutations. Although most drug resistance mutations have been well identified, the dynamics and temporal patterns of appearance of these mutations can still be further explored. The use of models to predict mutational pathways as well as temporal patterns of appearance of adaptive mutations could greatly benefit clinical management of individuals under antiretroviral therapy. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We apply a temporal nodes Bayesian network (TNBN) model to data extracted from the Stanford HIV drug resistance database in order to explore the probabilistic relationships between drug resistance mutations and antiretroviral drugs unveiling possible mutational pathways and establishing their probabilistic-temporal sequence of appearance. RESULTS: In a first experiment, we compared the TNBN approach with other models such as static Bayesian networks, dynamic Bayesian networks and association rules. TNBN achieved a 64.2% sparser structure over the static network. In a second experiment, the TNBN model was applied to a dataset associating antiretroviral drugs with mutations developed under different antiretroviral regimes. The learned models captured previously described mutational pathways and associations between antiretroviral drugs and drug resistance mutations. Predictive accuracy reached 90.5%. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest possible applications of TNBN for studying drug-mutation and mutation-mutation networks in the context of antiretroviral therapy, with direct impact on the clinical management of patients under antiretroviral therapy. This opens new horizons for predicting HIV mutational pathways in immune selection with relevance for antiretroviral drug development and therapy plan.

Differences between Neandertal and modern human infant and child growth models.

Studying the emergence of distinctive human growth patterns is essential to understanding the evolution of our species. The large number of Neandertal fossils makes this species the best candidate for a comparative study of growth patterns in archaic and modern humans. Here, Neandertal height growth during infancy and early childhood is described using a mathematical model. Height growth velocities for individuals five years old or younger are modelled as age functions based on different estimates of height and age for a set of ten Neandertal infants and children. The estimated heights of each Neandertal individual are compared with those of two modern human populations based on longitudinal and cross-sectional data. The model highlights differences in growth velocity during infancy (from the age of five months onward). We find that statural growth in Neandertal infants is much slower than that seen in modern humans, Neandertal growth is similar to modern humans at birth, but decreases around the third or fourth month. The markedly slower growth rates of Neandertal infants may be attributable to ontogenetic constraints or to metabolic stress, and contribute to short achieved adult stature relative to modern humans.

Acute leukemia classification by ensemble particle swarm model selection.

OBJECTIVE: Acute leukemia is a malignant disease that affects a large proportion of the world population. Different types and subtypes of acute leukemia require different treatments. In order to assign the correct treatment, a physician must identify the leukemia type or subtype. Advanced and precise methods are available for identifying leukemia types, but they are very expensive and not available in most hospitals in developing countries. Thus, alternative methods have been proposed. An option explored in this paper is based on the morphological properties of bone marrow images, where features are extracted from medical images and standard machine learning techniques are used to build leukemia type classifiers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This paper studies the use of ensemble particle swarm model selection (EPSMS), which is an automated tool for the selection of classification models, in the context of acute leukemia classification. EPSMS is the application of particle swarm optimization to the exploration of the search space of ensembles that can be formed by heterogeneous classification models in a machine learning toolbox. EPSMS does not require prior domain knowledge and it is able to select highly accurate classification models without user intervention. Furthermore, specific models can be used for different classification tasks. RESULTS: We report experimental results for acute leukemia classification with real data and show that EPSMS outperformed the best results obtained using manually designed classifiers with the same data. The highest performance using EPSMS was of 97.68% for two-type classification problems and of 94.21% for more than two types problems. To the best of our knowledge, these are the best results reported for this data set. Compared with previous studies, these improvements were consistent among different type/subtype classification tasks, different features extracted from images, and different feature extraction regions. The performance improvements were statistically significant. We improved previous results by an average of 6% and there are improvements of more than 20% with some settings. In addition to the performance improvements, we demonstrated that no manual effort was required during acute leukemia type/subtype classification. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological classification of acute leukemia using EPSMS provides an alternative to expensive diagnostic methods in developing countries. EPSMS is a highly effective method for the automated construction of ensemble classifiers for acute leukemia classification, which requires no significant user intervention. EPSMS could also be used to address other medical classification tasks.

Motor laterality asymmetry and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), asymmetric motor signs provide an interesting model to evaluate whether asymmetric nigrostriatal degeneration can affect neuropsychological function and other nonmotor symptoms (NMS). This study was designed to evaluate the predominant laterality of motor symptoms and its relationship with cognition and other NMS in idiopathic PD. METHODS: Nationwide, longitudinal, and multicenter study (ELEP Registry) using outpatients with PD. Left PD (LPD) and right PD (RPD) was defined based on the motor signs on the SCOPA-motor scale. To include the clinical spectrum of asymmetric PD patients, we considered two groups of patients with mild-moderate and extreme asymmetry. Predominant LPD or RPD with mild-moderate versus extreme asymmetry were compared using the following scales: cognition, psychosis (Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale), anxiety/depression, sleep (and autonomic dysfunction at baseline and 1 year later. Nonparametric tests were used for comparison. RESULTS: One hundred forty-nine PD patients (74 RPD and 75 LPD) with mild-moderate asymmetry and 90 (47 RPD and 43 LPD) with extreme asymmetry and a mean age of 64.5 (10.4) years were included. Extreme RPD had higher Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale scores over time (P = 0.005) compared with LPD, but no significant differences were observed between LPD and RPD in terms of other NMS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that damage to left-hemisphere plays a disproportionately greater role in PD-related psychosis over time. In contrast, motor laterality does not consistently affect other NMS, suggesting that NMS are related to a more widespread brain disorder.