Hidrocistomas ecrinos múltiples

RESUMEN Los hidrocistomas ecrinos son tumores benignos, únicos o múltiples. Se presentan con mayor frecuencia en la mediana edad y predominan en el sexo femenino. Se presenta un paciente con hidrocistomas ecrinos múltiples, masculino de 74 años.

ABSTRACT Eccrine hydrocystomas are benign tumors, which can be single or multiple. They occur most oftenly in middle aged patients or in the elderly, predominantly female. We present a case of multiple eccrine hydrocystomas, in a 74-year-old male patient.

Anatomy of the olfactory nerve: A comprehensive review with cadaveric dissection.

Because of their anatomical situation, the olfactory nerves constitute a natural obstacle to exploring the anterior cranial fossa, making them vulnerable to traumatic, tumor, or iatrogenic lesions. Consequently, accurate knowledge of their microsurgical anatomy is of particular importance for surgeons to ensure the correct execution of surgical procedures with minimal sequelae, the least functional deterioration, and better therapeutic results. This review describes the functional and microsurgical anatomy of the olfactory nerves, illustrated with pictures of simulations based on cadaveric dissections and original illustrations of the central connections of the olfactory pathway. Clin. Anat, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Site trimer percolation on square lattices.

Percolation of site trimers (k-mers with k=3) is investigated in a detailed way making use of an analytical model based on renormalization techniques in this problem. Results are compared to those obtained here by means of extensive computer simulations. Five different deposition possibilities for site trimers are included according to shape and orientation of the depositing objects. Analytical results for the percolation threshold p(c) are all close to 0.55, while numerical results show a slight dispersion around this value. A comparison with p(c) values previously reported for monomers and dimers establishes the tendency of p(c) to decrease as k increases. Critical exponent ν was also obtained both by analytical and numerical methods. Results for the latter give values very close to the expected value 4/3 showing that this percolation case corresponds to the universality class of random percolation.

[Risk-benefit of some mollusks and processed fishes in the renal patient's diet]. / Riesgo-beneficio de algunos moluscos y pescados procesados en la dieta de los pacientes renales.

The renal diet must include limited amounts of high quality protein, phosphorus P and potassium K. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA EPA and DHA), present in fishes and mollusks, render beneficial properties against progression of renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate protein PR, phosphorus P, potassium K, calcium Ca and n-3PUFA in processed fishes and mollusks as an alimentary option for renal patients. Canned tuna (water AA and oil AC), sardine in tomate sauce ST and chipotle SC and smoked salmon SA, fresh jumbo flying squid CA, common octopus PU and oyster OS were evaluated. Significant difference was detected (p <.0.05) for K between different types of fish. SA contained 38g/100g PR, 307 mg/100g of P, 371 mg/ 100g K and 106 mg/100g n-3PUFA. Sardines contained (279-304 mg/100g of P and 283-322 mg/100g K and tunas 142-160 mg/100g P and 141-154 mg/100g K. Tunas and sardines had elevated concentration of n-3PUFA (4114 and 4790 mg/ 100g respectively), P:n-3PUFA and K:n-3PUFA ratio was low in tunas (0.03) and sardines (0.06). AA and AC contained (10.1 and 11.1 mgP/gPR), while ST and SC provided 26.4-19.1 mg/P/gPR. n-3PUFA/gPR were similar for tunas and sardines (302-424mg/gPR). Mollusks: CA presented the highest values of P and PR (2.4 mg/100g and 18.4g/100g). n-3PUFA ranged from 4.3 to 79 mg/100g in PU and OS respectively. Among processed fishes, only canned tunas are recommended for the diet of renal patients, in an individualized basis. The risk-benefit ratio of sardines in the renal diet should be evaluated, due to their high content of P and n-3PUFA. Salmon and mollusks are not recommended for the renal diet.

Riesgo-beneficio de algunos moluscos y pescados procesados en la dieta de los pacientes renales / Risk-benefit of some mollusks and processed fishes in the renal patient´s diet

La dieta renal debe incluir proteína de buena calidad con cantidades limitadas de fósforo P y potasio K. Los ácidos grasos n-3 (AGn-3 EPA y DHA) de los pescados proporcionan beneficios contra la progresión del daño renal. El objetivo fue evaluar el contenido de proteína PR, P, K, calcio Ca y AGn-3 en pescados procesados y moluscos como una opción para pacientes renales. Se evaluaron: atún en agua AA y aceite AC, sardina en tomate ST y chipotle SC enlatados y salmón ahumado SA; calamar CA, pulpo PU y ostión OS frescos. Se detectó diferencia significativa (p<.0.05) para K entre los diferentes tipos de pescados. SA presentó PR (38g/ 100g), P (307 mg/100g), K (371 mg/100g) y AGn-3 (106 mg/100g). Las sardinas presentaron 279-304 mg/100g de P y 283-322 mg/100g de K y los atunes 142-160 mg/100g de P y 141-154 mg/100g de K. Atunes y sardinas tuvieron altas concentraciones de AGn-3 (4114 y 4790 mg/100g, respectivamente); la relación P:AGn-3 y K: P:AGn- 3 fue baja para atunes (0.03) y sardinas (0.06); AA y AC aportaron (10.1 y 11.1 mg P/gPR); mientras que ST y SC aportaron (26.4 y 19.1 mg/P/gPR). Los AGn-3/g PR fueron similares en atunes y sardinas (302-424 mg/100g). De los moluscos analizados el CA presentó los valores de P y PR mas altos: (2.4mg/100g y 18.4g/100g). Los AGn-3 variaron de 4.3 a 79 mg/100g en pulpo y ostión, respectivamente. De los pescados procesados solamente los atunes son recomendables de incluir en la dieta de pacientes renales, de manera individualizada. De la sardina tendría que evaluarse el riesgo beneficio -por su elevada concentración de P y AGn-3 para determinadas afecciones renales, mientras que el salmón, pulpo, calamar y ostión no se recomiendan en la dieta renal.

The renal diet must include limited amounts of high quality protein, phosphorus P and potassium K. n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA EPA and DHA), present in fishes and mollusks, render beneficial properties against progression of renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate protein PR, phosphorus P, potassium K, calcium Ca and n-3PUFA in processed fishes and mollusks as an alimentary option for renal patients. Canned tuna (water AA and oil AC), sardine in tomate sauce ST and chipotle SC and smoked salmon SA, fresh jumbo flying squid CA, common octopus PU and oyster OS were evaluated. Significant difference was detected (p <.0.05) for K between different types of fish. SA contained 38g/100g PR, 307 mg/100g of P, 371 mg/100g K and 106 mg/100g n-3PUFA. Sardines contained (279-304 mg/ 100g of P and 283-322 mg/100g K and tunas 142-160 mg/100g P and 141-154 mg/100g K. Tunas and sardines had elevated concentration of n-3PUFA (4114 and 4790 mg/100g respectively), P:n- 3PUFA and K:n-3PUFA ratio was low in tunas (0.03) and sardines (0.06). AA and AC contained (10.1 and 11.1 mgP/gPR), while ST and SC provided 26.4-19.1 mg/P/gPR. n-3PUFA/gPR were similar for tunas and sardines (302-424mg/gPR). Mollusks: CA presented the highest values of P and PR (2.4mg/100g and 18.4g/100g). n-3PUFA ranged from 4.3 to 79 mg/100g in PU and OS respectively. Among processed fishes, only canned tunas are recommended for the diet of renal patients, in an individualized basis. The risk-benefit ratio of sardines in the renal diet should be evaluated, due to their high content of P and n- 3PUFA. Salmon and mollusks are not recommended for the renal diet.

Heavy metals: Implications associated to fish consumption.

Metals are being utilized of ways in industries and agriculture; particularly heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic constitute a significant potential threat to human health because they are associated to many adverse effects on health. The consumption of fish is recommended because it is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been associated with health benefits due to its cardio-protective effects. However, the content of heavy metals discovered in some fish makes it difficult to establish clearly the role of fish consumption on a healthy diet. Therefore the present mini-review accounts for the recent evidence of the effect of these toxic metals on the human health and their possible implications in fish consumption.

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with lung adenocarcinoma.

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rather frequent neoplasic complication, most often occurring in adenocarcinomas of the lung and pancreas. The most frequent clinical manifestation is one of multiple cerebral infarcts, but other ischaemic events can occur. Diagnosis is frequently missed on transthoracic ultrasound, making transoesophagic ultrasound a more reliable diagnostic tool. We present a case of NBTE associated with lung adenocarcinoma.

[n-3 fatty acid evaluation in eighteen Mexican marine fishes as functional food]. / Evaluación de los acidos grasos n-3 de 18 especies de pescados marinos mexicanos como alimentos funcionales.

The objective of the present work was to characterize the n-3 fatty acid composition of eighteen species of Mexican marine fishes and to evaluate their potential as functional food. Total lipids and fatty acid (FA) compositions were obtained of the edible portion of the fish, by solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Fifty percent of the studied species proceeded of the Mexican Pacific and the remainder from the Gulf of Mexico. The total lipid content varied from 0.76 to 7.13 g/100g. Averages of 58.51, 58.74 and 132.85 mg/100g of flesh were obtained for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, respectively. In all the samples the n-3 fatty acids identified in order of abundance were (mg/100g), C22:6n-3 (DHA) (85.02), C20:5 n-3 (EPA)(16.22), C18:3 n-3 (ALA)(1.95) and the C20:3 n-3 was found only in four species (range from 0.08 to 12.99 mg/100g). Twenty-seven percent of the fishes exhibited low (4 to 40), 66% intermediate (70 to 170) and 7% high values (200 to 300 mg/100g) of n-3 FA. The latter species were identified as picuda (Sphyraena agentea) and sargo (Lagodon rhomboides). Since international standards recommend a daily regular consumption form 200 to 650 mg of EPA + DHA/day as beneficial for good health, it is therefore suggested as functional food.

Madeleine Leininger: un análisis de sus fundamentos teóricos / Madeleine Leininger: an analysis of its theoretical foundations

El presente artículo tiene como propósito hacer un análisis de los fundamentos teóricos de la propuesta de Madeleine Leininger, que se sustenta en dos disciplinas; Antropología y Sociología. El trabajo contiene los antecedentes biográficos de la autora, planteamientos de la antropología filosófica, social y cultural, a partir de los cuales se hacen inferencias en relación a los constructos utilizados por Leininger. Finalmente se establece que la Enfermería requiere del conocimiento del ser humano que vive dentro de una estructura social donde la cultura determina el estado de bienestar/ salud.

The present article has like intention make an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the proposal of Madeleine Leininger, that is sustained in two disciplines; Anthropology and Sociology. The work contains the biographical antecedents of the author, expositions of the philosophical, social and cultural anthropology, from which inferences in relation to the constructos used by Leininger become. Finally one settles down that the nursing requires of the knowledge of the human being who lives within a social structure where the culture determines the well-being state health.

Evaluación de los acidos grasos n-3 de 18 especies de pescados marinos mexicanos como alimentos funcionales / n-3 fatty acid evaluation in eighteen Mexican marine fishes as functional food

The objective of the present work was to characterize the n-3 fatty acid composition of eighteen species of Mexican marine fishes and to evaluate their potential as functional food. Total lipids and fatty acid (FA) compositions were obtained of the edible portion of the fish, by solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Fifty percent of the studied species proceeded of the Mexican Pacific and the remainder from the Gulf of Mexico. The total lipid content varied from 0.76 to 7.13 g/100g. Averages of 58.51, 58.74 and 132.85 mg/100g of flesh were obtained for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, respectively. In all the samples the n-3 fatty acids identified in order of abundance were (mg/100g), C22:6n-3 (DHA) (85.02), C20:5 n-3 (EPA)(16.22), C18:3 n-3 (ALA)(1.95) and the C20:3 n-3 was found only in four species (range from 0.08 to 12.99 mg/100g). Twenty-seven percent of the fishes exhibited low (4 to 40), 66% intermediate (70 to 170) and 7% high values (200 to 300 mg/100g) of n-3 FA. The latter species were identified as picuda (Sphyraena agentea) and sargo (Lagodon rhomboides). Since international standards recommend a daily regular consumption form 200 to 650 mg of EPA + DHA/day as beneficial for good health, it is therefore suggested as functional food.

Regulated expression of galectin-1 after in vitro productive infection with herpes simplex virus type 1: implications for T cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) has been reported to be a relevant mechanism of viral immune evasion. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin involved in T-cell apoptosis, has recently gained considerable attention as a novel mechanism of tumor-immune evasion. Here we investigated whether infection of cells with HSV-1 can modulate the expression of Gal-1. Results show that pro-apoptotic Gal-1, but not Gal-3, is remarkably up-regulated in cell cultures infected with HSV-1. In addition, this protein is secreted to the extracellular milieu, where it contributes to apoptosis of activated T cells in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Since many viruses have evolved mechanisms to counteract the antiviral response raised by the infected host, our results suggest that HSV-1 may use galectin-1 as a weapon to kill activated T cells and evade specific immune responses.

[Candida carriage in the oral mucosa of a student population: adhesiveness of the strains and predisposing factors]. / Portación de Candida en mucosa oral de una población estudiantil: adherencia de las cepas y factores predisponentes.

The aim of this study was to establish oral carriage of Candida and possible factors associated to their virulence in young adults and their relation with local and general situations considered as predisposing factors. Samples were obtained from dorsum tongue in 70 students attending the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Buenos Aires) average age: 23, all in healthy oral conditions. Of these, 21.42% were Candida positive. These samples were seeded in CHROMagar. Candida identification was completed in milk agar and Fungichrom 1. The following species were identified: 11 Candida albicans (C.a), 2 Candida parapsilosis (C.p) and 1 Candida glabrata (C.g). In one case, 2 species (C.a and C.g) were isolated in the same sample. Virulence was determined as adherence capacity by biofilm or in vitro plaque formation and hydrophobicity. Different host factors were analyzed statistically to establish their importance as predisposing factors to allow Candida colonization. Adherence of C.a. was found to be similar in all C.a. strains, whereas significant differences were found between C.a. and C.p. and between C.a. and C.g. Only the antiseptic mouthrinse and the diet were significant among the considered factors.

Portación de Candida en mucosa oral de una población estudiantil: adherencia de las cepas y factores predisponentes. / [Candida carriage in the oral mucosa of a student population: adhesiveness of the strains and predisposing factors]

The aim of this study was to establish oral carriage of Candida and possible factors associated to their virulence in young adults and their relation with local and general situations considered as predisposing factors. Samples were obtained from dorsum tongue in 70 students attending the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Buenos Aires) average age: 23, all in healthy oral conditions. Of these, 21.42

were Candida positive. These samples were seeded in CHROMagar. Candida identification was completed in milk agar and Fungichrom 1. The following species were identified: 11 Candida albicans (C.a), 2 Candida parapsilosis (C.p) and 1 Candida glabrata (C.g). In one case, 2 species (C.a and C.g) were isolated in the same sample. Virulence was determined as adherence capacity by biofilm or in vitro plaque formation and hydrophobicity. Different host factors were analyzed statistically to establish their importance as predisposing factors to allow Candida colonization. Adherence of C.a. was found to be similar in all C.a. strains, whereas significant differences were found between C.a. and C.p. and between C.a. and C.g. Only the antiseptic mouthrinse and the diet were significant among the considered factors.

Portación de Candida en mucosa oral de una población estudiantil: adherencia de las cepas y factores predisponentes / [Candida carriage in the oral mucosa of a student population: adhesiveness of the strains and predisposing factors]

The aim of this study was to establish oral carriage of Candida and possible factors associated to their virulence in young adults and their relation with local and general situations considered as predisposing factors. Samples were obtained from dorsum tongue in 70 students attending the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Buenos Aires) average age: 23, all in healthy oral conditions. Of these, 21.42

were Candida positive. These samples were seeded in CHROMagar. Candida identification was completed in milk agar and Fungichrom 1. The following species were identified: 11 Candida albicans (C.a), 2 Candida parapsilosis (C.p) and 1 Candida glabrata (C.g). In one case, 2 species (C.a and C.g) were isolated in the same sample. Virulence was determined as adherence capacity by biofilm or in vitro plaque formation and hydrophobicity. Different host factors were analyzed statistically to establish their importance as predisposing factors to allow Candida colonization. Adherence of C.a. was found to be similar in all C.a. strains, whereas significant differences were found between C.a. and C.p. and between C.a. and C.g. Only the antiseptic mouthrinse and the diet were significant among the considered factors.

Trabeculoesclerectomía profunda no perforante con mitocina C, sin implante: evaluación prospectiva de 69 casos / Nonpenetrating deep trabecular sclerostomy with C mitocyn, without implant: prospective evaluation of 69 cases

Introducción. Desde 1998 hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo de la Trabeculoesclerectomía profunda no perforante (TEPNP) en el glaucoma crónico de ángulo abierto, evaluando la eficacia de la técnica quirúrgica, tanto desde el punto de vista de la presión ocular, como de las complicaciones, que se presume menos importantes que en la trabeculectomía perforante (TREC). Material y método. Se estudiaron 69 ojos de 53 pacientes portadores de glaucoma crónico de ángulo abierto (glaucoma primario, glaucoma pseudoexfoliativo, glaucoma congénito tardío y glaucoma pigmentario). Desde el punto de vista técnico, después de haber practicado una incisión conjuntivo tenoniana base limbar, se aplica mitomicina - C al 0.01 por ciento, durante tres minutos; después de la disección del colgajo escleral superficial de cuatro milímetros, a una profundidad de dos tercios hasta córnea transparente; se realiza un segundo flap para la ablación del canal de Schlemm y trabéculo externo, caracterizándose luego los dos extremos de éste con trabeculótomo, para asegurar su correcta ubicación y completa ablación. Si no es así, se completa usando el trabeculótomo como guía. En el postoperatorio, cuando la vesícula de filtración tiende a disminuir de tamaño, o la presión intraocular tiende a aumentar, se practica una abertura de la región operatoria con laser YAG. El análisis de las características de la vesícula de filtración fue estudiado para evaluar su rol en la normalización de la presión intraocular. Resultados. Las complicaciones fueron poco importante, siendo las más frecuente la existencia de goniosinequias en 3 casos detectados gonioscópicamente, examen que fue realizado en forma sistemática en postoperatorio, Estas goniosinequias no fueron importantes. Salvo en una caso en que produjeron deformación de la pupila. La presión preoperatoria sin tratamiento fue en promedio de 32,7 mm de Hg.. En el postoperatorio, la presión sin tratamiento fue de 20 mm de Hg o menos en el 80 por ciento de los ojos a los 4 meses, 65 por ciento de los ojos a los 8 meses y 55 por ciento a los 12 meses. Asociando un tratamiento hipotensor local en monoterapia, una presión intraocular de 20 mm de Hg. se obtiene en el 76 por ciento de los casos a los 12 meses. La presencia de una vesícula de filtración es un factor importante en el éxito postoperatorio (p = 0,0048). Conclusión.

[Fatty acids in sardine canned in tomato sauce from different fishing areas of the Mexican Pacific]. / Acidos grasos en sardina en salsa de tomate de diferentes zonas pesqueras del Pacifico mexicano.

Numerous investigations have pointed out the importance that the fatty acids have in the process health-illness, and that the marine resources are excellent sources of the series omega 3 and omega 6. In Mexico, the sardine is a product of marine origin of wide consumption due to its high readiness and low cost. The objective of the present study was to determine the fatty acids profile (FA) in sardine canned in tomato sauce coming from different fishing areas (A) of the Mexican Pacific. There were randomly obtained 8 commercial mark (5 cans of each mark) of sardine canned in tomato sauce; they were classified in sardine of South Baja California Sur (A1), Sonora (A2) and Sinaloa (A3). The samples without draining were liquified and thereafter were obtained the methyl esters of fatty acids that were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In all the areas they were identified and quantified as 3 FA omega 3 (linolenic, EPA and DHA) and 2 AG omega 6 (linoleic and arachidonic); this source is rich in FA monounsaturated and also presents a considerable quantity of trans FA (18:1n9t and 18:2n6t). The DHA was the most abundant AG in all the areas (3064-4704 mg/100 g); finally, the relationships omega 3/omega 6 were from 3.5 (A1) up to 8.9 (A3). In conclusion, sardine canned in tomato sauce of the mexican Pacific is a rich food in omega-3 and omega-6 FA, independently of the processing area.

[Fatty acids of the tuna of different fishing areas of the Mexican Pacific, canned in oil and water]. / Acidos grasos del atún de diferentes zonas pesqueras del Pacífico mexicano, en aceite y agua.

A direct relationship exists between the state of health and the diet, and inside this some components, such as the fatty acids (FA), influence mostly in the prevention of certain illnesses (coronary heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory answer, and arterial pressure). One of the main sources of essential FA are the marine products; the tuna is a marine food of wide consumption in Mexico due its readiness and low cost. The objective of this work was to determine the profile of fatty acids (FA) in tuna canned in oil and in water coming from three fishing areas of the Mexican Pacific. There were randomly obtained 7 oil-tuna commercial marks (AA) and 5 water- tuna (AW) coming from the next fishery areas: Baja California Sur (L1), Colima (L2) and Mazatlán (L3). The samples without draining were liquefied and thereafter it was obtained the methyl esters of fatty acids that were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In all the areas were identified 20 FA (mg/100 g); three AG omega 3 (EPA, DHA and linolenic) and two omega 6 (linoleic and arachidonic). In the AA of the three areas the most abundant saturated FA were estearric and palmitic acids, the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was the cis-vaccenic, followed by the oleic acid. The behavior of those omega 3 in the AA of the three areas were similar: with the less quantity was the linolenic acid (447-755), continued by the EPA (979-1323) and finally high concentrations of DHA (1862-3327). In the AW the DHA was the most abundant fatty acid in all the areas (1086-4456), the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was the palmitic (640-3809). It was observed the presence of trans fatty acids in high quantities in AW: linolelaidic (1394-1495) and elaidic (377-1234). The relationship omega 3/omega 6 in the AA was similar in L1 and L2, and lower in L3; in AW was higher in L2 and L3. In conclusion, evident variation exists in the content of FA among areas; it could be considered that the AA of L3 and AW of L2 as the richest in omega-3 and omega-6 FA. In general, the tuna in water is a richer food in FA omega 3 and omega 6 that the tuna in oil, independently of the fishery area.

Regulation of high-affinity glutamate uptake activity in Bergmann glia cells by glutamate.

The effect of glutamate receptor activation on the high-affinity sodium-dependent glutamate transport expressed in chick Bergmann glia cells was examined. Pre-exposure to glutamate produced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in 3H-labeled D-aspartate uptake. This effect could not be reproduced by selective glutamate receptor agonists. Furthermore, it was insensitive to both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Replacement of extracellular sodium ions with choline in the preincubation media, abolished the reduction of the uptake. When the cells were pre-exposed to competitive transportable inhibitors of the transporter, such as D-aspartate, DL-threo-hydroxyaspartate (DL-THA), and aspartate-beta-hydroxamate (ABH), the glutamate effect was mimicked. From saturation experiments, it was found that the reduction on the uptake, after glutamate treatment, is related to an increase in K(m). Interestingly, the effect is blocked by staurosporine, a Ca(2+)/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase (PKC) inhibitor. The present findings suggest that glutamate regulates its transport in a non-receptor fashion, a phenomena that is most probably linked to changes induced by the translocation process of the substrate through the transporter.