ABSTRACT
Fundamento: las arbovirosis son enfermedades víricas transmitidas por mosquitos, las que han propagado rápidamente en todas las regiones del mundo en los últimos años, con alta incidencia en la salud de las personas y en la economía de los países. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos de los residentes de Medicina General Integral del municipio Abreus, sobre la prevención y control de las arbovirosis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en la Dirección Municipal de Salud Abreus, en octubre de 2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para fundamentar la investigación, y estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: la mayoría de los residentes manifestaron que han tenido preparación sobre la prevención y control de las arbovirosis, fundamentalmente, durante la educación en el trabajo, todos han adquirido experiencia previa en la pesquisa activa, y algunos señalaron haber atendido a enfermos; sin embargo, la mayoría presentaron dificultades para identificar las formas clínicas y el cuadro clínico de las arbovirosis. Conclusiones: se identificó el nivel de conocimientos alcanzados por los residentes de Medicina General Integral del municipio Abreus, sobre la prevención y control de las arbovirosis, el diagnóstico realizado mostró la necesidad de asumir nuevas metodologías en la educación en el trabajo a fin de lograr correctos modos de actuación y actualización sobre su prevención y control.
Background: arboviruses are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, which have spread rapidly in all regions of the world in recent years, with a high impact on people's health and the economies of countries. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge of Comprehensive General Medicine residents from the Abreus municipality, about the prevention and control of arboviruses. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the Abreus Municipal Health Directorate, in October 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to support the research, and statistical methods were used to analyze the data found. Results: most residents stated that they have had training on the prevention and control of arboviruses, mainly, during on-the-job education, all have acquired previous experience in active search, and some of them indicated had taken care for sick people; however, most of them had difficulties in identifying the clinical forms and clinical profile of arboviruses. Conclusions: the level of knowledge achieved by Comprehensive General Medicine residents from Abreus municipality was identified, regarding the prevention and control of arboviruses, the diagnosis made by them showed the need to conceive new methodologies in education at work in order to achieve adequate modes of action and updating their knowledge about the prevention and control of it.
Subject(s)
Arbovirus Infections , Education, Medical , Education, Medical, GraduateABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that mild to moderate iron chlorosis can have positive effects on grape quality potential, including volatile profile. The main objective of this work was to investigate, for the first time, how moderate iron stress in grapevines affects the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wines. The study was carried out during 2018-2019 seasons, in 20 Tempranillo vineyard subzones with different degree of iron deficiency, located in Ribera del Duero (North-Central Spain). The results showed that moderate iron stress increased in wines the concentrations of VOCs associated with floral notes, such as 2-phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl acetate, while reducing the presence of C6-alcohols, responsible for green-herbaceous aroma. A favourable reduction of pH and a betterment of parameters related to colour were detected in wines from iron deficient subzones. Chlorosis incidence was associated to improvements in wine sensory attributes as layer intensity, black fruit and aroma intensity.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hypochromic , Vitis , Volatile Organic Compounds , Wine , Farms , Fruit/chemistry , Humans , Iron , Odorants/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Wine/analysisABSTRACT
L3 larvae of anisakid nematodes are an important problem for the fisheries industry and pose a potential risk for human health by acting as infectious agents causing allergies and as potential vectors of pathogens and microrganisms. In spite of the close bacteria-nematode relationship very little is known of the anisakids microbiota. Fresh fish could be contaminated by bacteria vectored in the cuticle or in the intestine of anisakids when the L3 larvae migrate through the muscles. As a consequence, the bacterial inoculum will be spread, with potential effects on the quality of the fish, and possible clinical effects cannot be discarded. A total of 2,689,113 16S rRNA gene sequences from a total of 113 L3 individuals obtained from fish captured along the FAO 27 fishing area were studied. Bacteria were taxonomically characterized through 1803 representative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sequences. Fourteen phyla, 31 classes, 52 orders, 129 families and 187 genera were unambiguously identified. We have found as part of microbiome an average of 123 OTUs per L3 individual. Diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) indicate an extraordinary diversity of bacteria at an OTU level. There are clusters of anisakids individuals (samples) defined by the associated bacteria which, however, are not significantly related to fish hosts or anisakid taxa. This suggests that association or relationship among bacteria in anisakids, exists without the influence of fishes or nematodes. The lack of relationships with hosts of anisakids taxa has to be expressed by the association among bacterial OTUs or other taxonomical levels which range from OTUs to the phylum level. There are significant biological structural associations of microbiota in anisakid nematodes which manifest in clusters of bacteria ranging from phylum to genus level, which could also be an indicator of fish contamination or the geographic zone of fish capture. Actinobacteria, Aquificae, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the phyla whose abundance value discriminate for defining such structures.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Water deficit and iron deficiency (iron chlorosis) are common environmental stresses that affect grapevine production in the Mediterranean area. Studies on the impact of both stresses, when they act simultaneously, are rare. The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the combined effects of the incidence of iron chlorosis and the vine water status on quality of Tempranillo wine. For this, 20 non-irrigated vineyard subzones (10 m × 10 m each), from non-affected to moderately affected by iron chlorosis, were monitored in the Ribera del Duero area (north-central Spain) during two consecutive seasons. RESULTS: Factorial analyses of variance were performed to study the effects of predawn leaf water potential and foliar chlorophyll content, both measured at veraison, on chemical and sensory characteristics of wine. With an impact much greater than water status, the incidence of iron stress decreased pH of the wine and enhanced sensory attributes as tonality, layer intensity, flavour intensity, and persistence in the mouth. There were increases in red colour, astringency, and persistence of the wine associated with chlorosis, although they might be restricted in water-deficit conditions. CONCLUSION: The results have demonstrated that mild to moderate iron stress can have positive effects on chemical and sensory attributes of Tempranillo wine. Measurements of foliar chlorophyll content at veraison could be very useful to map quality potential in rainfed vineyards affected by iron deficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Chlorophyll/analysis , Vitis/chemistry , Water/analysis , Wine/analysis , Agricultural Irrigation , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Flavoring Agents/chemistry , Flavoring Agents/metabolism , Fruit/chemistry , Fruit/metabolism , Humans , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Seasons , Spain , Taste , Vitis/metabolism , Water/metabolismABSTRACT
Resumen La esclerosis de Monckeberg es una enfermedad de baja prevalencia y causa desconocida, en la cual arterias de mediano y pequeño calibre sufren calcificación de la capa media generándose una reducción de la luz. Suele manifestarse por la aparición de úlceras de tipo arterial en la piel de extremidades superiores e inferiores. Su diagnóstico requiere de estudios histopatológicos, con diagnósticos diferenciales como la poliarteritis nodosa y la arteritis de células gigantes. No existen guías de tratamiento, se han propuesto quelantes de calcio como el tiosulfato de sodio, pero los pocos estudios disponibles no han logrado demostrar resultados significativos.
Abstract Monckeberg's sclerosis is a rare and low prevalence disease of unknown cause in which small and medium size arteries suffer calcification of the middle layer, leading to a reduction in calibre. Clinically, the disease manifests by the appearance of arterial type ulcers on the skin of upper and lower extremities. Its diagnosis is difficult, and requires histopathological studies. Some rheumatic conditions, such as polyarteritis nodosa and giant cell arteritis may mimic this process. Treatment of the disease is not well established. Although the use of calcium chelators such as sodium thiosulfate has been proposed, the few available studies have failed to show significant results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Signs and Symptoms , Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis , Polyarteritis Nodosa , Giant Cell Arteritis , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresABSTRACT
The Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a severe forest pathogen in countries where it has been introduced and is considered a worldwide quarantine organism. In this study, protein markers for differentiating populations of this nematode were identified by studying differences among four selected Iberian and one American population. These populations were compared by quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ). From a total of 2860 proteins identified using the public database from the B. xylophilus genome project, 216 were unambiguous and significantly differentially regulated in the studied populations. Comparisons of their pairwise ratio were statistically treated and supported in order to convert them into discrete character states, suggesting that 141 proteins were not informative as population specific markers. Application of the Character Compatibility methodology on the remaining 75 proteins (belonging to families with different biological functions) excludes 27 which are incompatible among them. Considering only the compatible proteins, the method selects a subset of 30 specific unique protein markers which allowed the compared classification of the Iberian isolates. This approach makes it easier search for diagnostic tools and phylogenetic inference within species and populations of a pathogen exhibiting a high level of genetic diversity.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , Helminth Proteins/analysis , Proteome/analysis , Proteomics/methods , Tylenchida/chemistry , Animals , Biomarkers/chemistry , Helminth Proteins/chemistry , Phylogeny , Proteome/chemistry , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Tylenchida/classificationABSTRACT
Se describe y analiza la producción tecnológica de Cuba, registrada en documentos de patentes, procesados por la Oficina de Patentes de los Estados Unidos en el período 1997-2007. Se estudia la participación y el desempeño de la mujer en el desarrollo científico y técnico nacional con mayor impacto y visibilidad internacional. Para esto se utilizaron un conjunto de indicadores que permiten mostrar el comportamiento de la producción de patentes, así como obtener los datos necesarios para conocer el papel de la mujer en esta actividad. Se determinaron los sectores con mayores índices de producción y comercialización de tecnologías en Cuba, donde la mujer participa de forma activa; los períodos de tiempo más productivos y con mayor actividad inventiva, así como los centros e institutos de investigación e inventores con una mayor producción de patentes en el período de estudio. La mujer cubana muestra una fuerte presencia en la introducción de tecnologías del país en el mercado internacional en los últimos años.
The Cuban technological production recorded in patents documents processed in the United States Office from 1997 to 2007 is analyzed and described in this paper. Authors studied the woman participation and performance in national scientific and technical development with greatest international impact and visibility in the international field. Thus, we used a group of indicators allowing to show the patent production behaviour, as well as to obtain the necessary data to know the women role in this activity. The sectors with the greatest technologies production and marketing rates in Cuba were determined, where women have an active participation; as well as the centre and investigation institute, and the inventors with a greater patent production in the study period. The Cuban woman has a strong presence in introduction of national technologies in the international market in the past years.
Subject(s)
Patent Indicators , Research , Patent , Technology , Women, WorkingABSTRACT
Se describe y analiza la producción tecnológica de Cuba, registrada en documentos de patentes, procesados por la Oficina de Patentes de los Estados Unidos en el período 1997-2007. Se estudia la participación y el desempeño de la mujer en el desarrollo científico y técnico nacional con mayor impacto y visibilidad internacional. Para esto se utilizaron un conjunto de indicadores que permiten mostrar el comportamiento de la producción de patentes, así como obtener los datos necesarios para conocer el papel de la mujer en esta actividad. Se determinaron los sectores con mayores índices de producción y comercialización de tecnologías en Cuba, donde la mujer participa de forma activa; los períodos de tiempo más productivos y con mayor actividad inventiva, así como los centros e institutos de investigación e inventores con una mayor producción de patentes en el período de estudio. La mujer cubana muestra una fuerte presencia en la introducción de tecnologías del país en el mercado internacional en los últimos años(AU)
The Cuban technological production recorded in patents documents processed in the United States Office from 1997 to 2007 is analyzed and described in this paper. Authors studied the woman participation and performance in national scientific and technical development with greatest international impact and visibility in the international field. Thus, we used a group of indicators allowing to show the patent production behaviour, as well as to obtain the necessary data to know the women role in this activity. The sectors with the greatest technologies production and marketing rates in Cuba were determined, where women have an active participation; as well as the centre and investigation institute, and the inventors with a greater patent production in the study period. The Cuban woman has a strong presence in introduction of national technologies in the international market in the past years(AU)
Subject(s)
Patent , Research , Technology , Patent Indicators , Women, WorkingABSTRACT
Algunos autores han demostrado que la maltosa inhibe la formación de glucanos insolubles por el S. mutans, al interferir su mecanismo de adhesión. Esta investigación preliminar se realizó para conocer el efecto de la maltosa incorporada a un gel para el cepillado de los dientes, sobre el grado de infección por el S. mutans en la saliva y sobre la higiene bucal. En 8 participantes (personal estomatológico) se aplicó la técnica de Matsukubo (modificada) y se determinó la higiene bucal mediante los índices de Love y el IHB-S; se formaron 2 grupos y se utilizó una prueba cruzada en 2 etapas. Se halló que el cepillado con el gel-maltosa redujo el grado de infección por el S. mutans en el 50,5 % al compararse con el control, mientras que el efecto sobre los índices de higiene bucal no presentaron diferencias significativas. Se discuten los resultados y se concluye que se precisa valorar su efecto en la prevención de caries mediante un ensayo clínico de un año de duración
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Plaque/drug effects , Maltose/pharmacology , Oral Hygiene , Saliva/drug effects , Streptococcal Infections , Toothbrushing , Toothpastes/pharmacology , Gels , Streptococcus mutansABSTRACT
Algunos autores han demostrado que la maltosa inhibe la formación de glucanos insolubles por el S. mutans, al interferir su mecanismo de adhesión. Esta investigación preliminar se realizó para conocer el efecto de la maltosa incorporada a un gel para el cepillado de los dientes, sobre el grado de infección por el S. mutans en la saliva y sobre la higiene bucal. En 8 participantes (personal estomatológico) se aplicó la técnica de Matsukubo (modificada) y se determinó la higiene bucal mediante los índices de Love y el IHB-S; se formaron 2 grupos y se utilizó una prueba cruzada en 2 etapas. Se halló que el cepillado con el gel-maltosa redujo el grado de infección por el S. mutans en el 50,5
al compararse con el control, mientras que el efecto sobre los índices de higiene bucal no presentaron diferencias significativas. Se discuten los resultados y se concluye que se precisa valorar su efecto en la prevención de caries mediante un ensayo clínico de un año de duración
