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1.
Sci Data ; 11(1): 352, 2024 Apr 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589374

ABSTRACT

We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe, and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge. Key opportunities and limits in using this dataset are discussed as well as possible future expansions of this open-source approach that should be explored. This dataset complements existing gridded BA data based on remote sensing and offers a valuable opportunity to better understand and assess fire regime changes, and their drivers, in these regions. The ONFIRE database can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/8289245 .

3.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open ; 11(8): e5216, 2023 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37636328

ABSTRACT

In sub-Saharan Africa, options for reconstruction of traumatic injuries are limited due to lack of access to microsurgery-trained surgeons. Recently, the Plastic Surgery Foundation-sponsored Surgeons in Humanitarian Alliance for Reconstruction, Research and Education group hosted a virtual microsurgery skills course for junior plastic surgeons in this region. In this report, we describe a case of complete brachial artery transection requiring microsurgical techniques and use of vein graft for repair at our provincial hospital in Mozambique. By highlighting this case, we aimed to describe a direct clinical application of the Surgeons in Humanitarian Alliance for Reconstruction, Research and Education virtual microsurgery skills course and to demonstrate the profound impact such courses can have on patient outcomes in low-and middle-income countries with limited or no access to microsurgery-trained surgeons. Further, through newly gained familiarity with standard microsurgery instruments used in reconstructive procedures, we were able to improvise and develop modified instruments to overcome lack of resources at our institution.

4.
Sci Total Environ ; 810: 152002, 2022 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34856282

ABSTRACT

Sustained human pressures on the environment have significantly increased the frequency, extent, and severity of wildfires, globally. This is particularly the case in Mediterranean regions, in which human-caused wildfires represent up to 90% of all recorded wildfire ignitions. In Chile, it has been estimated that nearly 90% of wildfires are related to human activities, and that their frequency and distribution have steadily increased over the last decade. Despite this, the role of socio-economic factors in driving wildfire activity and its spatiotemporal distribution remains unclear. In this study, we assess the association between socio-economic drivers and spatiotemporal patterns of wildfires in the Mediterranean region of south-central Chile over the period 2010-2018. Our results show that 98.5% of wildfires are related to human activities, either accidentally (58.2%) or intentionally (36.6%). Wildfires occurred primarily during the summer months and their density at the commune-level was associated with increased road access, as well as with the percentage of land covered by agriculture, exotic tree plantations, and native forest. Wildfire activity at the commune-level was also related to socio-economic variables such as population density, proportion of indigenous population, and unemployment rate, although such associations varied considerably depending on the region and on whether the wildfire was started accidentally or intentionally. Our study provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary assessment of the complex ways in which land-cover and socio-economic factors drive the distribution of wildfire activity in south-central Chile. It represents an important guide for policy-making, as well a baseline for research into strategies aimed at predicting and mitigating wildfire activity at both local and national levels.


Subject(s)
Wildfires , Chile , Human Activities , Humans , Mediterranean Region , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 7(2): 91-95, abr.-jun. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391581

ABSTRACT

Las metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente fueron implementadas por la Joint Commision International (JCI), a nivel mundial, con la finalidad de reducir los eventos adversos en los centros de salud. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue identificar las metas internacionales de seguridad del paciente (MISP) incorporadas en centros de salud en el marco de la cultura de seguridad y calidad de la atención. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sistematizada utilizando las bases de datos de PubMed y EBSCO Host, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de los artículos para análisis. Los ámbitos evaluados relacionados a las metas internacionales de seguridad, identificados en los artículos seleccionados fueron: i) cultura de seguridad, ii) calidad de la atención, iii) comunicación efectiva, iv) cirugía de alto riesgo, v) medicamentos de alto riesgo. Las metas internacionales de calidad están incorporadas en los diferentes centros de salud, algunos de ellos definidos explícitamente en los sistemas de evaluación de calidad y otros de manera implícita en ámbitos generales en los sistemas de evaluación.


The Joint Commission International (JCI) implemented international patient safety goals worldwide to reduce adverse events in health centers. The objective of this literature review was to identify the international patient safety goals (MISP) incorporated in healthcare facilities within the framework of safety culture and quality of care. A systematized narrative literature review was carried out using PubMed and EBSCO Host databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles for analysis. The areas evaluated related to the international safety goals identified in the selected articles were: i) safety culture, ii) quality of care, iii) effective communication, iv) high-risk surgery, v) high-risk drugs. International quality goals are incorporated in the different health centers, explicitly defined in the quality evaluation systems and others in general areas in the evaluation systems.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Centers , Patient Safety , Health Facilities/standards , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Risk Management , Security Measures , Internationality , Goals
6.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 93(2): e1185, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280376

ABSTRACT

La invaginación intestinal es la causa de oclusión intestinal más frecuente en los lactantes y niños menores de dos años. Por su frecuencia, la diversidad de formas clínicas y las variantes de tratamiento disponibles se confecciona esta guía, con el objetivo de lograr el diagnóstico temprano en el mayor número de casos y sistematizar el tratamiento actualizado de esta entidad en los servicios de cirugía pediátrica. La forma de presentación clásica: cólicos, vómitos, deposiciones en jalea de grosella y letargo, solo está presente en el 30 por ciento de los pacientes. Actualmente el diagnóstico se confirma por ecografía. La invaginación puede ser tratada de dos formas: por métodos de reducción hidrostática o neumática con seguimiento por imágenes, indicada en los niños con invaginaciones no complicadas, y tratamiento quirúrgico. Se presenta la Guía de Práctica Clínica de Invaginación intestinal aprobada por consenso en el III Simposio Nacional de Cirugía Pediátrica en Varadero/2019(AU)


Intestinal invagination is the most common cause of intestinal occlusion in infants and children under two years of age. Due to its frequency, the diversity of clinical forms and the available treatment variants, this Guideline is made with the aim of achieving early diagnosis in the greatest number of cases and systematizing the updated treatment of this entity in pediatric surgery services. The classic presentation form of it is: colics, vomiting, gooseberry jelly kind of stools and lethargy, only present in 30 percent of patients. Diagnosis is currently confirmed by ultrasound. Invagination can be treated in two ways: by hydrostatic or pneumatic reduction methods with imaging follow-up, indicated in children with non-complicated invaginations, and surgical treatment. The Clinical Practice Guideline for Intestinal Invagination approved by consensus was presented at the III National Symposium of Pediatric Surgery in Varadero/2019(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Causality , Early Diagnosis , Methods
7.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 25(3): e8320, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285176

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: se ha propuesto que la localización de la invaginación intestinal en niños está en relación directa con el tiempo de evolución y que mientras más distal se encuentre la invaginación, menor sería el índice de reducción. Objetivo : determinar la relación de la localización de la invaginación con el tiempo de evolución y la reductibilidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los pacientes entre tres meses y dos años de edad con invaginación intestinal en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Eduardo Agramonte Piña de la provincia Camagüey, desde enero de 2001 hasta diciembre de 2019. El universo de pacientes estuvo constituido por 257 niños con invaginaciones tratadas mediante este método, donde incluyó episodios iniciales y recurrencias. El diagnóstico fue confirmado mediante ecografía. Se intentó la reducción hidrostática con enemas de solución salina y guía ecográfica en todos los casos con criterios de inclusión. Las variables estudiadas fueron: localización de la invaginación, tiempo de evolución de los síntomas y reductibilidad. Para la validación de los resultados se utilizaron métodos estadísticos de decisión en la modelación del fenómeno en estudio que permitieran determinar la dependencia/independencia estadística de las variables. Resultados : la localización más frecuente de la invaginación fue el colon derecho. La invaginación en los segmentos más distales: colon izquierdo/sigmoides, recto y prolapso, aunque menos frecuente, tuvo un alto por ciento de reductibilidad. En estas localizaciones, la reductibilidad fue elevada tanto en los pacientes en las primeras 24 horas de evolución como en aquellos con 25 a 36 horas de inicio de los síntomas. Conclusiones: no se encontró relación directa de la localización de la invaginación con el tiempo de evolución ni con la reductibilidad.


ABSTRACT Background : it has been proposed that the location of intussusception in children is directly related to the length of symptoms, and that the more distal the intussusception is, the lower the rate of reduction. Objective : to determine the relationship of the location of the intussusception with the length of symptoms and the reducibility. Methods : a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in patients between three months and two years of age with intussusception at the Eduardo Agramonte Piña Provincial Pediatric Hospital in Camagüey, from January 2001 to December 2019. The universe of patients consisted of 257 children with intussusception treated by this method, including initial episodes and recurrences.The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound. Hydrostatic reduction with saline enemas and ultrasound guidance was attempted in all cases that met the inclusion criteria. The studied variables were: location of intussusception, length of symptoms and reducibility. Statistical decision methods were used in the modeling of the phenomenon under study to determine the statistical dependence / independence of the variables. Results: the right colon was the most frequent location of the apex of intussusception. The most distal locations (left colon/sigmoid, rectum and prolapsed), although less frequent, it had a high percentage of reducibility. In these locations, reducibility was high both in patients in the first 24 hours of evolution and in those with 25 to 36 hours of onset of symptoms. Conclusions : direct relationship between location of intussusception and length of symptoms and between location and reducibility was not found.

8.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 28(3): 1-10, dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284970

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realiza una revisión narrativa que plantea una reflexión acerca del rol de la oxigenación hiperbárica en la recuperación de los intoxicados con monóxido de carbono (ICO). La relación presión de tratamiento de oxigenación hiperbárica (TOHB), o sea dosis de oxígeno, y demora en su implementación son descriptas en esta revisión. Se presentan 9 casos de pacientes con ICO tratados con TOHB a 1,45 ATA (Atmósferas absolutas) por falta de acceso a TOHB de alta presión. Si bien es necesario investigación adicional, sugerimos que esta modalidad terapéutica a 1,45 ATA para ICO debe ser elegida frente al oxígeno normobárico, y considerada cuando las instalaciones de alta presión no están disponibles a distancias razonables.


Abstract A narrative review that raises a reflection about the role of hyperbaric oxygenation in the recovery of monoxide carbon (CO) poisoning is carried out. A description of the relationship of the pressure of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), oxygen dosage, and the delay in its implementation was done. Nine cases of intoxications treated with HBOT at 1.45 ATA due to lack of access to high-pressure HBOT were presented. While additional research is necessary, we suggest that this therapeutic modality at 1.45 ATA (Absolute Atmospheres) should be chosen instead of normobaric oxygen therapy for CO poisoning, and considered when high pressure facilities are not available at reasonable distances.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Argentina/epidemiology , Syndrome , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging , Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control
9.
10.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 23(4): 435-444, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088783

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: la apendicitis aguda complicada es la causa más frecuente de peritonitis secundaria en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada. El universo estuvo constituido por 166 pacientes y se trabajó con ellos en su totalidad. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, vía de acceso quirúrgico, hallazgos intraoperatorios donde se describe el estadio de la enfermedad, así como la posición del apéndice cecal, antimicrobianos utilizados, estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones. Resultados: los pacientes más afectados estuvieron entre 10 y 14 años, y más de la mitad fue del sexo masculino. La mayor parte de las apendicectomías se realizaron por vía abierta. La posición más frecuente del apéndice cecal durante la intervención fue mesoceliaca posterior y en más de la mitad de los casos el órgano estaba perforado. La asociación de ceftriaxone, amikacina y metronidazol fue la más utilizada. La estadía hospitalaria se encontró entre cuatro y seis días. La complicación postoperatoria más frecuente fue la infección de la herida quirúrgica. Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos, entre 10 y 14 años fueron más frecuentes. Predominó el apéndice cecal en posición meso celiaca posterior y estadio perforado. Con el tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicrobiano utilizado, la estadía hospitalaria fue corta, con pocas complicaciones, entre las cuales la infección de la herida quirúrgica fue la más frecuente. Los resultados en los pocos pacientes tratados por cirugía de mínimo acceso sugieren que puede extenderse esta vía de abordaje en niños con apendicitis complicada.


ABSTRACT Background: complicated acute appendicitis is the first cause of secondary peritonitis in the pediatric age. Objective: to characterize patients treated for complicated acute appendicitis. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in patients treated for complicated acute appendicitis. The universe consisted of 166 patients and all were included in the study. The variables used were: age, sex, surgical access route (open or laparoscopic), intraoperative findings, including the stage of the disease and the position of the cecal appendix; used antimicrobial agents, hospital stay and complications. Results: most of the patients were between 10 to 14 years old, and more than a half were male. Most of appendectomies were performed by an open technique. The most frequent position of the cecal appendix was posterior mesoceliac, and in more than a half of the patients the organ was perforated. The most used antimicrobial therapy included ceftriaxone, amikacin and metronidazole. The hospital stay rated from 4 to 6 days in most of the cases. The most frequent postoperative complication was surgical wound infection. Conclusions: male patients, between 10 and 14 years old were more frequent. The cecal appendix was mainly found perforated and in posterior mesoceliac position. With the surgical and antimicrobial treatment used, the hospital stay was short, with few complications, among which the surgical wound infection was the most frequent. The results in the few patients treated by minimal access surgery suggest that this approach may be extended in children with complicated appendicitis.

11.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 23(4)jul-ag 2019.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-76503

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la apendicitis aguda complicada es la causa más frecuente de peritonitis secundaria en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo:caracterizar los pacientes tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada. El universo estuvo constituido por 166 pacientes y se trabajó con ellos en su totalidad. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, vía de acceso quirúrgico, hallazgos intraoperatorios donde se describe el estadio de la enfermedad, así como la posición del apéndice cecal, antimicrobianos utilizados, estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones. Resultados: los pacientes más afectados estuvieron entre 10 y 14 años, y más de la mitad fue del sexo masculino. La mayor parte de las apendicectomías se realizaron por vía abierta. La posición más frecuente del apéndice cecal durante la intervención fue mesoceliaca posterior y en más de la mitad de los casos el órgano estaba perforado. La asociación de ceftriaxone, amikacina y metronidazol fue la más utilizada. La estadía hospitalaria se encontró entre cuatro y seis días. La complicación postoperatoria más frecuente fue la infección de la herida quirúrgica.Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos, entre 10 y 14 años fueron más frecuentes. Predominó el apéndice cecal en posición meso celiaca posterior y estadio perforado. Con el tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicrobiano utilizado, la estadía hospitalaria fue corta, con pocas complicaciones, entre las cuales la infección de la herida quirúrgica fue la más frecuente. Los resultados en los pocos pacientes tratados por cirugía de mínimo acceso sugieren que puede extenderse esta vía de abordaje en niños con apendicitis complicada (AU)


Background: complicated acute appendicitis is the first cause of secondary peritonitis in the pediatric age. Objective: to characterize patients treated for complicated acute appendicitis. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in patients treated for complicated acute appendicitis. The universe consisted of 166 patients and all were included in the study. The variables used were: age, sex, surgical access route (open or laparoscopic), intraoperative findings, including the stage of the disease and the position of the cecal appendix; used antimicrobial agents, hospital stay and complications. Results: most of the patients were between 10 to 14 years old, and more than a half were male. Most of appendectomies were performed by an open technique. The most frequent position of the cecal appendix was posterior mesoceliac, and in more than a half of the patients the organ was perforated. The most used antimicrobial therapy included ceftriaxone, amikacin and metronidazole. The hospital stay rated from 4 to 6 days in most of the cases. The most frequent postoperative complication was surgical wound infection. Conclusions: male patients, between 10 and 14 years old were more frequent. The cecal appendix was mainly found perforated and in posterior mesoceliac position. With the surgical and antimicrobial treatment used, the hospital stay was short, with few complications, among which the surgical wound infection was the most frequent. The results in the few patients treated by minimal access surgery suggest that this approach may be extended in children with complicated appendicitis (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Appendectomy , Appendicitis/complications , Appendicitis/surgery , Surgical Wound Infection , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
12.
PLoS One ; 13(10): e0205287, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30278062

ABSTRACT

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201195.].

13.
PLoS One ; 13(8): e0201195, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30133449

ABSTRACT

In recent decades large fires have affected communities throughout central and southern Chile with great social and ecological consequences. Despite this high fire activity, the controls and drivers and the spatiotemporal pattern of fires are not well understood. To identify the large-scale trends and drivers of recent fire activity across six regions in south-central Chile (~32-40° S Latitude) we evaluated MODIS satellite-derived fire detections and compared this data with Chilean Forest Service records for the period 2001-2017. MODIS burned area estimates provide a spatially and temporally comprehensive record of fire activity across an important bioclimatic transition zone between dry Mediterranean shrublands/sclerophyllous forests and wetter deciduous-broadleaf evergreen forests. Results suggest fire activity was highly variable in any given year, with no statistically significant trend in the number of fires or mean annual area burned. Evaluation of the variables associated with spatiotemporal patterns of fire for the 2001-2017 period indicate vegetation type, biophysical conditions (e.g., elevation, slope), mean annual and seasonal climatic conditions (e.g., precipitation) and mean population density have the greatest influence on the probability of fire occurrence and burned area for any given year. Both the number of fires and annual area burned were greatest in warmer, biomass-rich lowland Bío-Bío and Araucanía regions. Resource selection analyses indicate fire 'preferentially' occurs in exotic plantation forests, mixed native-exotic forests, native sclerophyll forests, pasture lands and matorral, vegetation types that all provide abundant, flammable and connected biomass for burning. Structurally and compositionally homogenous exotic plantation forests may promote fire spread greater than native deciduous-Nothofagaceae forests which were once widespread in the southern parts of the study area. In the future, the coincidence of warmer and drier conditions in landscapes dominated by flammable and fuel-rich forest plantations and mixed native-exotic and sclerophyll forests are likely to further promote large fires in south-central Chile.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Fires/statistics & numerical data , Biomass , Chile , Climate Change/statistics & numerical data , Ecosystem , Models, Theoretical , Satellite Imagery/methods
15.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 22(2)mar.-abr. 2018.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-75163

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: en niños con derrame pleural paraneumónico complicado el simple drenaje a través de una sonda pleural resulta insuficiente, lo cual conduce a una evolución tórpida, con desarrollo de formas organizadas del empiema que pueden requerir tratamiento quirúrgico con decorticación.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la introducción de la cirugía videotoracoscópica en el tratamiento de niños con derrame pleural complicado.Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en pacientes con derrame pleural paraneumónico complicado en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Eduardo Agramonte Piña de Camagüey, desde enero de 2011 hasta diciembre de 2015. Se compararon dos grupos: el de estudio integrado por pacientes a los cuales se les realizó al menos una cirugía videotoracoscópica y el de control que incluyó pacientes de una cohorte histórica, que cumplieron también los criterios de inclusión, cuya fecha de admisión estuvo entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2010. Las variables para evaluar el resultado primario fueron la resolución del derrame, la necesidad de toracotomía para decorticación y la mortalidad.Resultados: el tiempo de permanencia de la sonda pleural fue superior para el grupo control con una diferencia de 2,3 días promedio. La eficacia de la cirugía videotoracoscópica fue superior para evacuar el derrame pleural y permitió reducir el tiempo de hospitalización en la terapia intensiva, de 10,3 días a 5,4 días promedio, mientras que la reducción de la estadía hospitalaria no fue significativa. Ningún paciente del grupo de estudio requirió decorticación por toracotomía, que fue necesaria en seis pacientes del grupo control. No se reportó mortalidad asociada a la intervención quirúrgica.Conclusiones: la cirugía videotoracoscópica ha demostrado ser eficaz en el tratamiento de niños con derrame pleural paraneumónico complicado, sin asociarse a mortalidad o complicaciones graves(AU)


Background: the simple drainage through a chest tube in children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion is generally insufficient. These patients usually have unfavorable outcome, and frequently a surgical treatment with decortication is necessary.Objective: to evaluate the results of the introducion of video assisted thoracic surgery in children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion.Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted in patients with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion in the Pediatric Hospital “Eduardo Agramonte Piña” in Camagüey, Cuba, from January 2011 to December 2015. Two groups were compared: the study group composed of patients who underwent at least one video assisted thoracic surgery, and the control group that included patients of a historical cohort who also met the inclusion criteria and whose admission date was between January 2006 and December 2010. The variables to assess the primary outcome were resolution of the effusion, the need for open decortication, and mortality.Results: the time with the chest tube was significantly higher for the control group, with a difference of 2.3 days on average. The efficacy of video assisted thoracic surgery was superior to completely evacuate pleural effusion and significantly reduced the time of hospitalization in intensive care, from 10.3 days to 5.4 days on average. However, the reduction of the total hospital stay was not significant. None of the patients from the study group required decortication by thoracotomy, which was necessary in six patients from the control group. There was no mortality associated with surgical intervention.Conclusion: video assisted thoracic surgery has been shown to be effective in children with complicated paraneumonic pleural effusion without association to mortality or serious complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pleural Effusion/complications , Pleural Effusion/surgery , Pleural Effusion/therapy , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Clinical Trial
16.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(36): 9552-9557, 2017 09 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28827329

ABSTRACT

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong feedback to the climate system through emissions and land cover changes. Here we report the largest Southern Hemisphere network of annually resolved tree ring fire histories, consisting of 1,767 fire-scarred trees from 97 sites (from 22 °S to 54 °S) in southern South America (SAS), to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury proxy indices of SAM for the years 1531-2010 AD. We show that at interannual time scales, as well as at multidecadal time scales across 37-54 °S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of the SAM over the years 1665-1995. Positive phases of the SAM are associated primarily with warm conditions in these biomass-rich forests, in which widespread fire activity depends on fuel desiccation. Climate modeling studies indicate that greenhouse gases will force SAM into its positive phase even if stratospheric ozone returns to normal levels, so that climate conditions conducive to widespread fire activity in SAS will continue throughout the 21st century.

17.
Children (Basel) ; 3(4)2016 Oct 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27763571

ABSTRACT

Over 50,000 Cuban health professionals are currently working overseas in 67 different countries. They work in conjunction with local health professionals. The majority work in primary care in deprived areas. The aim is to reduce morbidity and mortality but also improve health in the long term by training local health professionals, and building both institutions and a structure to deliver health care alongside educating the local population. Cuba is a small, middle-income country. It has, however, made a significant international contribution in relation to medical collaboration. Cuba's international collaboration is based on the principles of social justice and equity for all. It has set an example for other countries to emulate.

19.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 18(2): 167-179, feb.-abr. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768023

ABSTRACT

La apendicitis aguda complicada (gangrenosa o perforada) es la causa más común de peritonitis secundaria en la edad pediátrica. El tratamiento utilizado en Cuba incluye: la intervención quirúrgica urgente y la utilización de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro durante aproximadamente siete días.Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de un nuevo esquema de tratamiento antimicrobiano secuencial (intravenoso/oral) en el periodo posoperatorio en niños con apendicitis aguda complicada.Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con todos los niños tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada entre el 1ro de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012, en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña de Camagüey. A los casos se les sustituyó entre el tercero y el quinto día del periodo posoperatorio, el tratamiento parenteral por el cotrimoxazol y el metronidazol por vía oral. Los resultados fueron comparados con la serie de enfermos tratados en el trienio anterior (controles históricos).Resultados: un total de 129 niños se incluyeron en los casos. Los controles históricos sumaron 144. La estancia promedio fue de 182 días/año (4, 24 días/enfermo) para los casos y de 337 días/año (7, 02 días/enfermo) para los controles. Los costos fueron de $ 75 662,74 para los casos ($ 586, 53/enfermo) y de $137 765, 04 para los controles ($ 956, 70/enfermo).Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos en el estudio demuestran una disminución de 2, 78 días en la estancia y de aproximadamente $ 370, 17 por enfermo al comparar ambos trienios...


Complicated acute appendicitis (gangrenous or perforating) is the most common cause of secondary peritonitis in pediatric age. The treatment used in Cuba includes emergency operation and the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for about seven days.Objective: to show the results of a new sequential antimicrobial treatment (intravenous/orally) in the postoperative period in children with complicated acute appendicitis.Method: a quasi-experiment was conducted with all the children treated for complicated acute appendicitis in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2012. Between the third and fifth days of the postoperative period, the parental treatment was replaced for cotrimoxazole and metronidazole administered orally. The results were compared to the series of patients treated during the previous three-year period (historical controls).Results: a total of 129 children were included in the cases. The historical controls added up to 144. The average hospital stay was of 182 days/year (4.24 days/patient) for the cases and of 337 days/year (7.02 days/patient) for the controls. The costs were of $ 75 662.74 for the cases ($ 586.53/patient) and of $137 765.04 for the controls ($ 956.70/patient).Conclusions: the data obtained in the study show a decrease of 2.78 days in the hospital stay and of around $ 370.17 per patient, when comparing both three-year periods...


Subject(s)
Child , Anti-Infective Agents , Appendicitis/complications , Appendicitis/therapy , Treatment Outcome
20.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 18(2)feb.-abr. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-59440

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la apendicitis aguda complicada (gangrenosa o perforada) es la causa más común de peritonitis secundaria en la edad pediátrica. El tratamiento utilizado en Cuba incluye: la intervención quirúrgica urgente y la utilización de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro durante aproximadamente siete días.Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de un nuevo esquema de tratamiento antimicrobiano secuencial (intravenoso/oral) en el periodo posoperatorio en niños con apendicitis aguda complicada.Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con todos los niños tratados por apendicitis aguda complicada entre el 1ro de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012, en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña de Camagüey. A los casos se les sustituyó entre el tercero y el quinto día del periodo posoperatorio, el tratamiento parenteral por el cotrimoxazol y el metronidazol por vía oral. Los resultados fueron comparados con la serie de enfermos tratados en el trienio anterior (controles históricos).Resultados: un total de 129 niños se incluyeron en los casos. Los controles históricos sumaron 144. La estancia promedio fue de 182 días/año (4, 24 días/enfermo) para los casos y de 337 días/año (7, 02 días/enfermo) para los controles. Los costos fueron de $ 75 662,74 para los casos ($ 586, 53/enfermo) y de $137 765, 04 para los controles ($ 956, 70/enfermo).Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos en el estudio demuestran una disminución de 2, 78 días en la estancia y de aproximadamente $ 370, 17 por enfermo al comparar ambos trienios(AU)


Background: complicated acute appendicitis (gangrenous or perforating) is the most common cause of secondary peritonitis in pediatric age. The treatment used in Cuba includes emergency operation and the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for about seven days.Objective: to show the results of a new sequential antimicrobial treatment (intravenous/orally) in the postoperative period in children with complicated acute appendicitis.Method: a quasi-experiment was conducted with all the children treated for complicated acute appendicitis in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2012. Between the third and fifth days of the postoperative period, the parental treatment was replaced for cotrimoxazole and metronidazole administered orally. The results were compared to the series of patients treated during the previous three-year period (historical controls).Results: a total of 129 children were included in the cases. The historical controls added up to 144. The average hospital stay was of 182 days/year (4.24 days/patient) for the cases and of 337 days/year (7.02 days/patient) for the controls. The costs were of $ 75 662.74 for the cases ($ 586.53/patient) and of $137 765.04 for the controls ($ 956.70/patient).Conclusions: the data obtained in the study show a decrease of 2.78 days in the hospital stay and of around $ 370.17 per patient, when comparing both three-year periods(AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Appendicitis/therapy , Anti-Infective Agents , Appendicitis/complications , Treatment Outcome
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