Narrow Segment Driven Multistep Magnetization Reversal Process in Sharp Diameter Modulated Fe67Co33 Nanowires.

Magnetic nanomaterials are of great interest due to their potential use in data storage, biotechnology, or spintronic based devices, among others. The control of magnetism at such scale entails complexing the nanostructures by tuning their composition, shape, sizes, or even several of these properties at the same time, in order to search for new phenomena or optimize their performance. An interesting pathway to affect the dynamics of the magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic nanostructures is to introduce geometrical modulations to act as nucleation or pinning centers for the magnetic domain walls. Considering the case of 3D magnetic nanowires, the modulation of the diameter across their length can produce such effect as long as the segment diameter transition is sharp enough. In this work, diameter modulated Fe67Co33 ferromagnetic nanowires have been grown into the prepatterned diameter modulated nanopores of anodized Al2O3 membranes. Their morphological and compositional characterization was carried out by electron-based microscopy, while their magnetic behavior has been measured on both the nanowire array as well as for individual bisegmented nanowires after being released from the alumina template. The magnetic hysteresis loops, together with the evaluation of First Order Reversal Curve diagrams, point out that the magnetization reversal of the bisegmented FeCo nanowires is carried out in two steps. These two stages are interpreted by micromagnetic modeling, where a shell of the wide segment reverses its magnetization first, followed by the reversal of its core together with the narrow segment of the nanowire at once.

Tolerancia a la prueba ergométrica graduada al utilizar barbijo o tapaboca / Exercise Testing Tolerance when Using Face Mask

RESUMEN Introducción: es poco conocida la tolerancia al ejercicio con el uso de barbijo. Objetivo: investigar tolerancia al barbijo en ergometrías (PEG). Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico con PEG con barbijo. Resultados: 118 PEG (62 cinta, 56 cicloergómetro), 68 hombres, edad 46,74 ± 16,7 años. Setenta (59,3%) completaron PEG con barbijo, 48 (40,7%) debieron retirarlo: 17 en cinta (27,4%), 31 (55,4%) en bicicleta (p = 0,002). Porcentaje de frecuencia cardíaca al retirar barbijo con respecto a máxima alcanzada: 94,5±5,35%. Edad de quienes retiraron barbijo: 42,69±17,35 años y de quienes toleraron: 49,51 ± 15,88 (p = 0,003). Saturación basal: 97,46 ± 1,01%; en esfuerzo máximo con barbijo: 96,58 ± 1,37% (p <0,0001). Al retirar barbijo, saturación de 97,06 ± 1,35% (p < 0.0001). Edad menor y uso de cicloergómetro fueron predictores de no tolerar el barbijo. Conclusiones: la mayoría completó el ejercicio máximo con barbijo. La intensidad de ejercicio al retirar el barbijo fue alta. La saturación cayó en ejercicio con barbijo, aunque sin repercusión clínica.

ABSTRACT Background: Tolerance to exercise with the use of face mask is not well known. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of exercise parameters during exercise stress testing (EST) while wearing a face mask. Methods: Multicenter study of EST while wearing face mask. Results: 118 ESTs (62 on treadmill, 56 on cycle ergometer), 68 men, age 46.74 ± 16.7 years. Seventy patients (59.3%) completed the EST wearing a face mask, and 48 (40.7%) removed it; 17 patients (27.4%) were on treadmill and 31 (55.4%) on cycle ergometer (p = 0.002). Percentage of maximum predicted heart rate attained when the patients removed their face mask: 94.5 ± 5.35%. Age of those who removed the face mask: 42.69 ± 17.35 years and of those who tolerated the face mask: 49.51 ± 15.88 years (p = 0.003). Baseline SpO2 was 97.46 ± 1.01% and 96.58 ± 1.37% on peak exercise wearing face mask (p < 0.0001). SpO2 when the face mask was removed: 97.06 ± 1.35% (p <0.0001). Younger age and use of cycle ergometer were predictors of intolerance to face mask. Conclusion: Most patients completed peak exercise with face mask. Exercise intensity was high when the face mask was removed. Oxygen saturation dropped during exercise with face mask without clinical impact.

Prevalencia de la enfermedad y características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la otitis media crónica en el hospital de clínicas / Prevalence of the disease and sociodemographical and clinical characteristics of the chronic media otitis in the clinics hospital

La otitis media crónica es una inflamación crónica del mucoendostio del oído medio y anexos, con o sin perforación de la membrana del tímpano, con o sin exudado. Según los datos obtenidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud posterior al análisis de trabajos de investigación publicados, la prevalencia para Sudamérica y América Central se encuentra alrededor del 1,5%. El Paraguay no cuenta con un estudio similar al presente que haya sido publicado. Por tal motivo nos propusimos a determinar la carga de la enfermedad y las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con otitis media crónica operados en el Hospital de Clínicas en el período 2015-2019. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transverso, retrospectivo. De 41885 pacientes operados (9,42%) fueron pacientes de la Cátedra y Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y de estos, 274 tenían otitis media crónica, lo que representa el 6,94% del total de pacientes operados por la Cátedra y Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y el 0,65% del total de pacientes operados en el Hospital en el mencionado periodo de tiempo. Pudimos concluir que la otitis media crónica es una patología de alta prevalencia para el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital de Clínicas, no obstante, representa una baja carga para la administración hospitalaria total.

Chronic otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the mucoendostium of the middle ear and annexes, with or without perforation of the eardrum, with or without exudate. According to data obtained by the World Health Organization after the analysis of published research papers, the prevalence for South America and Central America is around 1.5%. Paraguay does not have a study similar to this one that has been published. For this reason, we set out to determine the burden of the disease and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic otitis media operated at the Hospital of Clinics in the period 2015-2019. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted. Of 41885 patients operated 9.42% were patients of the Chair and Department of Otolaryngology and of these, 274 had chronic otitis media, which represents 6.94% of the total of patients operated by the Chair and Department of Otolaryngology and 0,65% of the total of patients operated in the Hospital in the mentioned period of time. We could conclude that chronic otitis media is a pathology of high prevalence for the otolaryngology service of the Hospital of Clinics, however, it represents a low burden for total hospital administration.

Factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en San Juan y Martínez / Risk factors associated with low birth weight in San Juan y Martínez

RESUMEN Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer, ha sido definido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como el peso al nacer menor de 2 500 gramos, independiente de la edad gestacional y cualquiera que sea la causa, y es el índice predictivo más importante de la mortalidad infantil, sobre todo la neonatal. Objetivo: caracterizar los factores de riesgo de bajo peso al nacer en el municipio San Juan y Martínez durante el período octubre 2015 a abril 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptiva y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por las 242 gestantes que aportaron los nacimientos del período estudiado. La muestra que integrada por las 23 gestantes que aportaron el mismo número de recién nacidos bajo peso, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos en la investigación. Resultados: según grupo de edad, un 39,1 % de mujeres se encuentran entre 23 a 27 años, el 60,8 % que aportaron bajo peso eran fumadoras, seguidas de las que ingieren café con un 56,5 %, de ellas el 43,5 % tuvieron una edad gestacional de pretérmino, las afecciones asociadas a la gestación resultaron ser en un 34,8 % la anemia, seguida de un 30,4 % con infección vaginal y se evidenció que presentaban una valoración nutricional de desnutridas un 39,1 %, manteniendo una ganancia de peso regular durante la gestación. Conclusiones: el mejor conocimiento del comportamiento de los factores de riesgos asociados al bajo peso al nacer en las gestantes, contribuye a mejorar la atención que reciben.

ABSTRACT Introduction: low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces), regardless of gestational age and no matter what the cause is. It is the most important predictive index of child mortality, especially to the neonatal mortality risk. Objective: to characterize the risk factors of low birth weight in San Juan y Martínez municipality from October 2015 to April 2016. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The target group was comprised of 242 pregnant women who gave birth during the period studied. The sample included 23 pregnant women having the same number of low weight newborn babies who satisfied the inclusion criteria established in the research. Results: according to age group, 39,1 % of women were between 23 and 27 years old, 60,8 % of those who had low weight babies were smokers, followed by those who drank coffee with 56,5 %; among them 43,5 % had a preterm gestational age, the conditions associated with pregnancy were: anemia in 34,8 %, followed by 30,4 % with vaginal infection; it was found that 39,1 % presented a nutritional assessment of malnourished, maintaining a regular weight gain during pregnancy. Conclusions: the better knowledge pregnant women should have concerning the behavior of risk factors associated with low birth weight contributes to improve the healthcare they ought to be provided.

Costos y beneficios del examen de mama: consultorio No 9, Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga / Cost-benefit análisis of breast examination: doctors office No 9, Pedro Borrás Astorga outpatient polyclinic. Pinar del Río

El cáncer de mama es una de las principales causas de muerte en lasmujeres, por lo que constituye una prioridad en salud. El objetivo fue estimar los costos del examen de mama y los beneficios intangibles queeste reporta en el consultorio No.9 del Policlínico Pedro Borrás durante el último trimestre del 2013. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con un universo de 476 pacientes de más de 25 años pertenecientes a ese consultorio, de las que setomó un muestreo de conveniencia, incluyendo las 70 mujeres mayores de 25 años asignadas para realizar el Análisis de la Situación de Salud durante la estancia Salud Pública. Para la obtención de los costos directos se estimó el tiempo dedicado a realizarel examen clínico de mama y la depreciación del espacio destinado al mismo y la mesa auxiliar, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada al jefe del Departamento de Economía del policlínico. El nivel de conocimiento sobre el autoexamen de mama de lasmujeres incluidas en la muestra se obtuvo de un cuestionario a las mismas. Los datos fueron vaciados en tablas de Excel, para su procesamiento se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 2.1 y como medida de resumen de variables cualitativas, el porcentaje. El programa de cáncer de mama no se cumplió de forma satisfactoria, hallándose un elevado porcentaje de mujeres que no conocían la técnica correcta delautoexamen ni lo realizaban con una frecuencia adecuada. El costo total del examen tuvo un valor aproximado de $3,13. Podemos señalar que el costo de un examen clínico de mama es muybajo y reporta grandes beneficios a la población femenina.(AU)

Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women, thus itconstitutes a priority of the health system. The objetive was to estimate the costs of breast examination and its intangible benefits at Doctors Office No.9 belonging to Pedro Borrás Astorga Outpatient Polyclinic in the lasttrimester of 2013. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a target group of 476 patients older than 25 years old from Doctors Office No.9, taking 70 women as a sampling of interest to carry out Health Situation Analysis in Public Health subject toachieve direct costs, time devoted to breast clinical examination, as well as the reduction of the room planned to perform it with the auxiliary table included. The responsible of the Department of Economics in the polyclinic granted a semi-structuredinterview. A questionnaire was applied to those women included in the sample; the level of knowledge for breast self-examination was assessed, collecting data in Excel tables by means of the statistical software SPSS 2.1 to process them and percentagesto sum up the qualitative variables.Results: the adherence of breast cancer program was not satisfactorily fulfilled,finding a great percentage of women not performing self-examination correctly and those using not the adequate frequency either. The total cost of breast examination covered a value of $ 3,13 approximately. The cost of a breast clinical examination is very low and it provides largebenefits to female population(AU)

[Sociodemographic characteristics of users of the contraceptive implant releasing etonogestrel]. / Características sociodemográficas de las usuarias del implante anticonceptivo liberador de etonogestrel.

BACKGROUND: The search for options for contraception has always led to the development of increasingly effective methods and safe and, above all, varied for those with any contraindication to always find a viable alternative. OBJECTIVE: To know the sociodemography characteristics the users of implants liberating contraceptive of etonogestrel and the effects in the 24 following months to its application. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made in 207 users of implants liberating of etonogestrel during 24 months in the Aguascalientes Delegation of IMSS through a structured questionnaire. The Statistic Program v 7 for the capture, data processing and analysis of were used. RESULTS: The group of more frequent age was of 25-29 years; the majority had at least secondary, lived in the urban middle, were married and catholic; 48.6% were dedicated to the home; 1.2% of the pairs did not work; 82.6% had a weekly sex at least; 84.3% had 1 to 2 children; 66.3% wished more children; 95.9% of the pairs approved the method; 29:6% referred a not planned previous pregnancy ; 72.1% used some contraceptive method previously; 36.6% referred bad experience with the previous method; 41.9% requested implants by comfort; 90:1% received information of the method but only 73.8% knew the indirect effect; 86.6% would recommend it; 11.6% left the method by undesirable effects of which the main one was the irregular bled one, whereas 33.1% did not present/display any indirect effect and no patient became pregnant during the time of study. CONCLUSIONS: It subdermal implant is a contraceptive alternative adapted by its effectiveness, its tolerance and the high rate of continuity, finding like basic characteristics of the users: young woman, with acceptable educative and economic level, low parity and desires of future fertility.

Extracto acuoso de Calendula officinalis. Estudio preliminar de sus propiedades/30 / Aqueous extract from Calendula officinalis. Preliminary study of its properties/30

Se aborda el estudio preliminar de un extracto acuoso de Calendula officinalis Lin. comprobándose la presencia de saponinas, polisacáridos, flavonoides, taninos y aminoácidos. El estudio farmacológico realizado reporta propiedades antimicóticas y pasado un año de elaborado el extracto, las características físico-químicas no presentan cambios significativos. Los resultados obtenidos con este extracto sugieren continuar profundizando en el estudio físico-químico y farmacológico, con la finalidad de fijar los límites de calidad y emplearlo como materia prima en la formulación de fitofármacos (AU)

Extracto acuoso de Calendula officinalis: estudio preliminar de sus propiedades/30 / Aqueous extract from Calendula officinalis: preliminary study of its properties/30

Se aborda el estudio preliminar de un extracto acuoso de Calendula officinalis Lin. comprobándose la presencia de saponinas, polisacáridos, flavonoides, taninos y aminoácidos. El estudio farmacológico realizado reporta propiedades antimicóticas y pasado un año de elaborado el extracto, las características físico-químicas no presentan cambios significativos. Los resultados obtenidos con este extracto sugieren continuar profundizando en el estudio físico-químico y farmacológico, con la finalidad de fijar los límites de calidad y emplearlo como materia prima en la formulación de fitofármacos