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1.
J Interpers Violence ; 38(11-12): 7115-7142, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36703528

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Intimate Partner Violence , Sexual Health , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , Reproductive Health , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Sexual Partners/psychology , Risk Factors
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 49(7): 399-406, ago.-sept. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-165656

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la exactitud y el comportamiento de las retinografías realizadas en atención primaria como herramienta de diagnóstico precoz del glaucoma crónico (GAA) en población con factores de riesgo. Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con 2 observadores en paralelo de forma ciega: 2 médicos de atención primaria (MAP) y un oftalmólogo de atención especializada Emplazamiento: Centro de atención primaria urbano, consultas externas del servicio de oftalmología (hospitalario). Participantes: Ciento noventa y seis pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 40-70 años, diabéticos, hipertensos, no diagnosticados de glaucoma, captados mediante llamada telefónica tras revisión de listados de pacientes. Dos de los pacientes no acudieron a las citaciones para las pruebas oftalmológicas, considerándose como pérdidas. Mediciones: Para la variable cuantitativa diagnóstico de glaucoma por retinografía: exactitud calculada por la sensibilidad y especificidad, comportamiento por los valores predictivos positivo y negativo, cociente de probabilidad positivo y negativo, concordancia interobservador por índices kappa y cociente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 21% (IC 95%: 0-43%), especificidad del 93% (IC 95%: 89-97%), valor predictivo negativo del 94% (IC 95%: 90-97%) y positivo del 20% (IC 95%: 0-40%); cociente de probabilidad positivo de 3,07 (IC 95%: 0,98-9,62) y negativo de 0,84 (IC 95%: 0,64-1,11). El CCI fue de 0,653 (IC 95%: 0,495-0,769), y el índice kappa, de 0,140 (ET: 0,106). Conclusiones: La retinografía no presenta un comportamiento adecuado como herramienta de diagnóstico precoz de GAA desde atención primaria según el modelo planteado en nuestro estudio. Serían necesarios ajustes que subsanasen su baja sensibilidad, como usar otras pruebas combinadas y mejorar el entrenamiento de los MAP (AU)


Objective: The aim of this study is to determine usefulness, validity of retinographies performed in Primary Care as a tool for early diagnosis of open-angle chronic glaucoma (OAG). Design: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with two blinded parallel observers: 2 general practitioners and 1 ophthalmologist. Location: Urban Primary Care Health Centre, and the Ophthalmology Department outpatient clinic. Participants: A total of 196 patients of both genders, between 40-70 years, with diabetes and hypertension, and undiagnosed with glaucoma, were recruited by phone call after checking patient lists. Two patients that did not arrive for their appointments for the ophthalmology tests were considered as losses. Measurements: For the quantitative diagnostic variable of glaucoma: Accuracy calculated from the sensitivity and specificity, safety from the positive and negative predictive values and the positive and negative probability ratio; interobserver concordance by Kappa index ratio and the intraclass correlation (IC). Results: The retinography for OAG screening has a sensitivity of 21% (95% CI: 0-43%), a specificity of 93% (95% CI: 89-97%), a negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI: 90-97%), and positive of 20% (95% CI: 0-40%); positive probability ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.98-9.62) and negative 0.84 (95% CI: 0.64-1.11). The IC was 0.653 (95% CI: 0.495-0.769) and kappa index of 0.140 (0.106 ET). Conclusions: According to this proposed model, retinography is not a useful tool for the early diagnosis of OAG in Primary Care, as it is not safe enough. Before it can be used, it would need adjustments for its low sensitivity, and the use other combined tests. The training of general practitioners would also need to be improved (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/prevention & control , Retina , Mass Screening/methods , Risk Factors , Primary Health Care/methods , Early Diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Educ. med. super ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-72525

ABSTRACT

La enseñanza del idioma inglés en el plan de estudios de las carreras de la Ciencias Médicas constituye un elemento significativo si se tiene en cuenta que su aprendizaje conlleva a la formación integral de los estudiantes y al cumplimiento de los propósitos internacionalistas de la sociedad cubana. El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas. Se consultaron libros y documentos acerca del tema, lo cual permitió obtener la información deseada. Se concluye que el uso de las tecnologías ejerce una influencia positiva en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de esta lengua, cuyo estudio cobra cada día más importancia, debido al número de habitantes en el mundo que la utilizan para comunicarse de forma general y profesional, lo que facilita la apertura y la comunicación con diferentes países y culturas. Sin embargo, existen dificultades que pueden afectar su aprovechamiento y efectividad(AU)


Teaching the English language in the curriculum of medical sciences is a significant element if one takes into account that it leads to the comprehensive training of the students and to the fulfillment of the internationalist intentions of the Cuban society. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of information and communication technologies in the teaching of English as a foreign language at the University of Medical Sciences. Books and documents about the subject were consulted, which allowed to obtain the desired information. It is concluded that the use of technologies exerts a positive influence on the teaching-learning process for this language, whose study is becoming more important, due to the number of inhabitants in the world who use it to communicate in a general and professional way, which facilitates the opening and communication with different countries and cultures. However, there are difficulties that can affect its use and effectiveness(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Information Technology , Multilingualism , Curriculum , Students, Medical
5.
Educ. med. super ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-891188

ABSTRACT

La enseñanza del idioma inglés en el plan de estudios de las carreras de la Ciencias Médicas constituye un elemento significativo si se tiene en cuenta que su aprendizaje conlleva a la formación integral de los estudiantes y al cumplimiento de los propósitos internacionalistas de la sociedad cubana. El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas. Se consultaron libros y documentos acerca del tema, lo cual permitió obtener la información deseada. Se concluye que el uso de las tecnologías ejerce una influencia positiva en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de esta lengua, cuyo estudio cobra cada día más importancia, debido al número de habitantes en el mundo que la utilizan para comunicarse de forma general y profesional, lo que facilita la apertura y la comunicación con diferentes países y culturas. Sin embargo, existen dificultades que pueden afectar su aprovechamiento y efectividad(AU)


Teaching the English language in the curriculum of medical sciences is a significant element if one takes into account that it leads to the comprehensive training of the students and to the fulfillment of the internationalist intentions of the Cuban society. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of information and communication technologies in the teaching of English as a foreign language at the University of Medical Sciences. Books and documents about the subject were consulted, which allowed to obtain the desired information. It is concluded that the use of technologies exerts a positive influence on the teaching-learning process for this language, whose study is becoming more important, due to the number of inhabitants in the world who use it to communicate in a general and professional way, which facilitates the opening and communication with different countries and cultures. However, there are difficulties that can affect its use and effectiveness(AU)


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Multilingualism , Curriculum , Information Technology
6.
Comunidad salud ; 15(1): 30-41, jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-890945

ABSTRACT

En Venezuela la utilización de organofosforados y carbamatos ha contribuido a generar un escenario propicio para la aparición de intoxicaciones agudas y crónicas a nivel de la población, transformándose esta situación en un problema de Salud Pública. Se analizó la exposición en trabajadores de una comunidad agraria de la Colonia Tovar, Estado Aragua. Estudio descriptivo-correlacional en trabajadores expuestos a plaguicidas. El Grupo Expuesto (GE) 17 trabajadores (58,8% del sexo masculino y 41,2%femenino), edad promedio de 37,06 ± 15,66 años y un Grupo Control (GC) con 13 trabajadores del personal administrativo de la Universidad de Carabobo (53,8% del sexo masculino y 46,2%femenino), edad promedio 39,77 ± 13,23 años. Se realizó una entrevista y se determinaron niveles de colinesterasa sérica y parámetros hematimétricos y bioquímicos. En el GE un valor promedio de la actividad de la colinesterasa de 6,7465 ± 1,0314 U/L y para el GC de 8,6546 ± 1,6014 U/L. Las medias de la actividad de la colinesterasa sérica se encontraron dentro de los parámetros considerados normales (4,970-13,977U/L) para ambos grupos. Se evidencia la existencia de diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p< 0,05) entre las medias para el biomarcador de efecto en estudio en el GE. La manipulación inadecuada de los plaguicidas y los síntomas asociados a manifestaciones clínicas debido a la exposición. Un 41,2% de los empleados utilizan medidas de protección personal. Los trabajadores expuestos a organofosforados y carbamatos presentaron biomarcadores de exposición y de efecto dentro de los rangos normales, con presencia de síntomas que pudieran relacionarse con dicha exposición.


In Venezuela, the use of organophosphates and carbamates has contributed to generate a suitable scenario for the appearance of acute and chronic poisoning in the population, turning this situation into a Public Health problem. The exposure in an agrarian worker community from La Colonia Tovar - Aragua State was analyzed. This is a descriptive-correlational study in workers exposed to pesticides. The exposed group, (EG) 17 workers (58.8% male and 41.2% female), mean age 37.06 ± 15.66 years old, and a control group (CG) with 13 administrative staff from University of Carabobo (53.8% male and 46.2% female), mean age 39.77 ± 13.23 years old. An interview was conducted and serum cholinesterase levels were determined; and even, hematimetric and biochemical parameters. In the EG an average value of the cholinesterase activity was 6,7465 ± 1,0314 U/L, and for the CG 8,6546 ± 1,6014 U/L. The means of serum cholinesterase activity were normal (4,970 - 13,977 U/L) for both groups. It is evident the existence of statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the means for the effect biomarker under study in the EG. The inappropriate handling of pesticides and symptoms associated with clinical manifestations due to exposure. 41.2% of the employees use personal protection measures. Workers exposed to organophosphates and carbamates presented biomarkers of exposure and effect within normal ranges, with the presence of symptoms related to this exposur.

7.
Aten Primaria ; 49(7): 399-406, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28126193

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine usefulness, validity of retinographies performed in Primary Care as a tool for early diagnosis of open-angle chronic glaucoma (OAG). DESIGN: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with two blinded parallel observers: 2 general practitioners and 1 ophthalmologist. LOCATION: Urban Primary Care Health Centre, and the Ophthalmology Department outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 196 patients of both genders, between 40-70years, with diabetes and hypertension, and undiagnosed with glaucoma, were recruited by phone call after checking patient lists. Two patients that did not arrive for their appointments for the ophthalmology tests were considered as losses. MEASUREMENTS: For the quantitative diagnostic variable of glaucoma: Accuracy calculated from the sensitivity and specificity, safety from the positive and negative predictive values and the positive and negative probability ratio; interobserver concordance by Kappa index ratio and the intraclass correlation (IC). RESULTS: The retinography for OAG screening has a sensitivity of 21% (95%CI: 0-43%), a specificity of 93% (95%CI: 89-97%), a negative predictive value of 94% (95%CI: 90-97%), and positive of 20% (95%CI: 0-40%); positive probability ratio of 3.07 (95%CI: 0.98-9.62) and negative 0.84 (95%CI: 0.64-1.11). The IC was 0.653 (95%CI: 0.495-0.769) and kappa index of 0.140 (0.106ET). CONCLUSIONS: According to this proposed model, retinography is not a useful tool for the early diagnosis of OAG in Primary Care, as it is not safe enough. Before it can be used, it would need adjustments for its low sensitivity, and the use other combined tests. The training of general practitioners would also need to be improved.

8.
Rev. lab. clín ; 9(1): 21-24, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-150652

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de von Hippel Lindau (VHL) (OMIM: 193300) es un síndrome familiar de predisposición al cáncer, asociado a una variedad de tumores benignos y malignos, principalmente hemangioblastomas en retina y en el sistema nervioso central, carcinoma de células renales y feocromocitomas. Exponemos el caso de un niño de 8 años con hipertensión arterial y antecedentes familiares de feocromocitoma, que acude a Urgencias por presentar visión borrosa. Se observa en la ecografía-doppler abdominal una masa suprarrenal izquierda y en la analítica una elevación de los niveles de normetanefrinas en orina. La identificación de una mutación en el gen VHL (OMIM: 608537) confirmó el diagnóstico de enfermedad VHL. Debe sospecharse el diagnóstico en pacientes con feocromocitoma de aparición precoz, más aún con antecedentes familiares de este tipo de tumores (AU)


Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease (OMIM: 193300) is a familial cancer syndrome, associated with various benign and malignant tumours, mainly retinal and central nervous system haemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. We describe the case of a 8 years old patient with arterial hypertension, blurred vision and family history of pheochromocytoma. A left adrenal mass is observed in doppler ultrasonography and high levels of normetanephrines in orine. Identification of a mutation in the VHL gen (OMIM: 608537) confirms the diagnosis of VHL disease. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with early onset of pheochromocytoma, even more if there is a family history of this kind of tumors (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/complications , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/pathology , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Fundus Oculi , Diagnosis, Differential , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/pathology , Hypertension/complications , Pheochromocytoma/genetics , Emergencies/epidemiology , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Ultrasonography, Doppler/trends , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods
9.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 51(4): 403-411, out.-dez. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-747724

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: el idioma Inglés como disciplina de formación general en los planes de estudios de la Carrera de Estomatología ha desempeñado un papel significativo en la formación integral del estudiante como una parte esencial para la competencia y desempeño del futuro profesional de la salud. OBJETIVO: describir la evolución histórica de la disciplina Inglés en los planes de estudios de la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba. MÉTODOS: la información se obtuvo mediante el análisis de los programas de estudios de las asignaturas, además de libros y documentos considerados clave en el contexto de la disciplina por estar vinculados con el currículo, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la educación médica. Se efectuó el análisis, síntesis y contraste de los criterios de los autores de los materiales revisados con los de los autores de este trabajo. RESULTADOS: el Inglés ha sido una disciplina representativa en los planes de estudios de Estomatología. Durante 1960-1984 no se tenían en cuenta las habilidades comunicativas que ayudan al estudiante a usar este idioma como herramienta de comunicación. Entre 1985-1986, la disciplina se organizó en dos ciclos: Inglés general e Inglés con fines específicos. El enfoque comunicativo aportó cambios positivos en la disciplina. A partir de los años 90, el ciclo de Inglés con fines específicos se ha ido fortaleciendo gradualmente. CONCLUSIONES: la enseñanza de la disciplina Inglés ha ido evolucionando según se han perfeccionado los planes de estudios de la carrera y ha tenido numerosos cambios que se han adecuado al mandato social y al estado de desarrollo de la enseñanza de idiomas en el mundo(AU)


INTRODUCTION: the English language, as a discipline for the general training in the curricula of Dentistry, has played an important role in the comprehensive training of the student as an essential element for professional competence and performance of the health proffessional-to-be. OBJECTIVE: to describe the historical evolution of the English Discipline in the curricula of Dentistry in Cuba. METHODS: the information was collected through the analysis of the program of the subjects, as well as key books and documents in the field since they were related to the curriculum, the teaching-learning process and medical education. The analysis, synthesis and contrast of the approaches of the authors of the materials revised with those of the authors of this paper was made. RESULTS: English has been a representative discipline in the curricula of Dentistry. In the period between 1960-1984, the communicative skills that help the student use the language as a tool of communication were not taken into account. In the academic course 1985-1986 the discipline was organized in two stages: General English and English for Specific Purposes The use of the Communicative Approach brought about positive changes in the English Discipline. From the 90´s on, the introduction of new textbooks has improved the teaching of English for Specific Purposes gradually. CONCLUSION: the teaching of the English Discipline has evolved together with the improvement of the curricula of Dentistry and it has undergone several major changes always according to the social mandate and the development of language teaching all over the world(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Multilingualism , Curriculum , Education, Dental/methods
10.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 51(4)oct.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-61918

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el idioma Inglés como disciplina de formación general en los planes de estudios de la Carrera de Estomatología ha desempeñado un papel significativo en la formación integral del estudiante como una parte esencial para la competencia y desempeño del futuro profesional de la salud.Objetivo: describir la evolución histórica de la disciplina Inglés en los planes de estudios de la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba.Métodos: la información se obtuvo mediante el análisis de los programas de estudios de las asignaturas, además de libros y documentos considerados clave en el contexto de la disciplina por estar vinculados con el currículo, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la educación médica. Se efectuó el análisis, síntesis y contraste de los criterios de los autores de los materiales revisados con los de los autores de este trabajo.Resultados: el Inglés ha sido una disciplina representativa en los planes de estudios de Estomatología. Durante 1960-1984 no se tenían en cuenta las habilidades comunicativas que ayudan al estudiante a usar este idioma como herramienta de comunicación. Entre 1985-1986, la disciplina se organizó en dos ciclos: Inglés general e Inglés con fines específicos. El enfoque comunicativo aportó cambios positivos en la disciplina. A partir de los años 90, el ciclo de Inglés con fines específicos se ha ido fortaleciendo gradualmente.Conclusiones: la enseñanza de la disciplina Inglés ha ido evolucionando según se han perfeccionado los planes de estudios de la carrera y ha tenido numerosos cambios que se han adecuado al mandato social y al estado de desarrollo de la enseñanza de idiomas en el mundo(AU)


Introduction: the English language, as a discipline for the general training in the curricula of Dentistry, has played an important role in the comprehensive training of the student as an essential element for professional competence and performance of the health proffessional-to-be.Objective: to describe the historical evolution of the English Discipline in the curricula of Dentistry in Cuba.Methods: the information was collected through the analysis of the program of the subjects, as well as key books and documents in the field since they were related to the curriculum, the teaching-learning process and medical education. The analysis, synthesis and contrast of the approaches of the authors of the materials revised with those of the authors of this paper was made.Results: English has been a representative discipline in the curricula of Dentistry. In the period between 1960-1984, the communicative skills that help the student use the language as a tool of communication were not taken into account. In the academic course 1985-1986 the discipline was organized in two stages: General English and English for Specific Purposes The use of the Communicative Approach brought about positive changes in the English Discipline. From the 90´s on, the introduction of new textbooks has improved the teaching of English for Specific Purposes gradually.Conclusion: the teaching of the English Discipline has evolved together with the improvement of the curricula of Dentistry and it has undergone several major changes always according to the social mandate and the development of language teaching all over the world(AU)


Subject(s)
Education, Dental/methods , Curriculum , Multilingualism
13.
Oncotarget ; 5(10): 2918-33, 2014 May 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24796297

ABSTRACT

The thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate tumor suppressive effects in hepatocarcinoma and breast cancer cells. Here we show that incubation of hepatocarcinoma SK-hep1 cells expressing TRb with the thyroid hormone T3 induces transcription of the polycistronic message coding for microRNAs 424 and 503. TRb binds to the promoter region of these miRNAs and T3 induces an exchange of corepressors and coactivators inducing histone acetylation and transcriptional stimulation. We have validated cell cycle components as targets of these miRNAs. Overexpression of miR-424 mimicked the repressive effect of T3 on cell proliferation, growth in suspension, migration and invasion. Knockdown of miR-424 or miR-503 reduced the inhibitory effect of the hormone. T3 increased miR-424 and miR-503 in breast cancer cells expressing TRb, and this induction is also involved in the anti-invasive effects of the hormone. Furthermore, miR-424 or miR-503 depletion enhanced extravasation to the lungs of hepatocarcinoma cells injected in the tail vein of mice. The levels of these miRNAs were reduced in xenograft tumors formed in hypothyroid nude mice that are more invasive. Therefore, miR-424 or miR-503 mediate anti-proliferative and anti-invasive actions of TRb both in cultured cells and in vivo.


Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics , Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/genetics , Animals , Blotting, Western , Cell Line, Tumor , Chromatin Immunoprecipitation , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Heterografts , Humans , Mice , Mice, Nude , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Transcriptional Activation/genetics
14.
Salud trab. (Maracay) ; 21(2): 141-149, dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-740437

ABSTRACT

El 1-Hidroxipireno es un metabolito del pireno, considerado como un biomarcador de exposición a Hidrocarburos PolicíclicosAromáticos (HPA), compuestos asociados con cáncer en el hombre; y la industria de la goma constituye una fuente de emisión importante de esos compuestos. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre 1-Hidroxipireno con edad, antigüedad en la empresa, uso de equipo de protección personal, hábito alcohólico y tabáquico en 30 trabajadores de una industria de la goma del estado Carabobo. La investigación fue descriptiva de corte transversal, los sujetos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de acuerdo al puesto de trabajo con potencial exposición a HPA: GI, área de pesada y mezcla de materia prima; GII, producción; GIII, mantenimiento y GIV, área administrativa. Se utilizó un cuestionario para conocer las variables independientes y se recolectaron muestras de orina puntual para medir el 1-Hidroxipireno, por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión con detección por fluorescencia. El valor promedio total de 1-Hidroxipireno de los cuatro grupos fue de 1,28 μg/g de creatinina y 1,71 y 0,89 μg/g de creatinina en fumadores y no fumadores, respectivamente. En el grupo II de mayor exposición a HPA se encontró un valor de 1,96 μg/g de creatinina superior al promedio total, pero no se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre 1-hidroxipireno y el resto de las variables en los trabajadores investigados. Los resultados demuestran la potencial utilidad del 1-Hidroxipireno como biomarcador de exposición a HPA.


1-hydroxypyrene is a metabolite of pyrene, and considered to be a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), compounds associated with human carcinogenicity. The rubber industry is considered an important source of emissions of these compounds. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between 1-hydroxypyrene and age, seniority, use of personal protective equipment, and alcoholic and smoking habits in 30 workers at a rubber plant in the State of Carabobo (Venezuela). The study design was cross-sectional; subjects were divided in four groups according to potential exposure to PAH: GI, weighing and mixing of raw materials; GII, production; GIII, maintenance and GIV, administrative area. A questionnaire was used to gather data on independent variables, and spot urine samples were obtained and assayed for 1-hydroxypyrene, by high pressure liquid chromatography with detection by fluorescence. The overall mean concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene for the four groups was 1.28 μg/g of creatinine and 1.71 and 0.89 μg/ g of creatinine in smokers and non-smokers, respectively. In GII, the value was 1.96 μg/g of creatinine, higher than the overall mean value, but no statistically significant associations were found between 1-hydroxypyrene and the remaining study variables. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of exposure to PAH.

15.
Comunidad salud ; 11(1): 10-17, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690952

ABSTRACT

Las personas sexo-género diversas son discriminadas en el sector salud. La formación de los profesionales de la salud en universidades nacionales tiene su base en los programas educativos, los cuales surgen como respuesta a las necesidades sociales de una población. El perfil de las y los egresados determina la calidad de la atención en salud que brinda a la población. En este estudio, se propone determinar los componentes de formación para la atención en salud de personas sexo-género diversas en los programas de las carreras de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Carabobo Núcleo Aragua. Es realizado un estudio documental, descriptivo de tipo transversal. Se revisaron 113 programas educativos, mediante una lista de cotejo que consta de 12 items los cuales representan los componentes de formación. Se aplicó una escala de intervalos que califica los hallazgos de acuerdo a la cantidad de ítems presentes o ausentes.Se evidencia que en las escuelas de Enfermería, Medicina y Bioanálisis, el porcentaje de programas que contienen componentes de formación para la atención de personas sexo-genero diversas es de 26,9%, 18.6 % y 4,5% respectivamente. De los 12 ítems propuestos 3 de ellos (Educación sexual, Biología sexual y Trastornos de la identidad sexual) se encontraron presentes, lo que se califica como "Escaso" según la escala de intervalos. Los componentes de formación se encuentran presentes en una magnitud insustancial que no permite constituir un egresado que responda a las necesidades de atención. Se recomienda la incorporación de los componentes a los programas que contribuyan a la formación del personal de salud en materia de sexo-genero diversidad.


People sex-gender diverse is discriminate in the health sector. The formation of the health professionals in national universities has its base in educative programs, which came up as answer to the social needs of the population. The graduate determines the quality of the attention in health that gives to the population. Determinate the components of formation for the health attention of sex-divers in the programs of the health science careers of the Carabobo University Aragua. This is a documentary studies, descriptive of transversal type. 113 educative programs were reviewed, by means of comparison list to consist in 12 items which represents the components of formation. It was apply a scale of interval to rate the findings agreed to the amount of items presents or absent. In nursing, medicine and bioanalysis school the percentage of programs that contains components of formation for the attention of sex-gender diverse persons is of 26, 9%, 18.6% y 4,5% respective. Of the 12 items proposed 3 of them (sexual education, sexual biology and disorders of sexual identity) were present, what qualifies as "scarce" according to the intervals scale. Components of formation are present in an insubstantial amount that doesn´t allows constitute a graduate responds to the evident needs. Recommend to incorporate components to the programs that contributed to the formation of the health staff in sex-gender diverse matters.

16.
Mol Cell ; 49(3): 474-86, 2013 Feb 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23273980

ABSTRACT

Nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin, a widely recognized marker of poor cancer prognosis, drives cancer cell proliferation and senescence bypass and regulates incretins, critical regulators of fat and glucose metabolism. Diabetes, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is associated with increased cancer risk, partly because of increased insulin growth factor 1 signaling, but whether elevated glucose directly impacts cancer-associated signal-transduction pathways is unknown. Here, we show that high glucose is essential for nuclear localization of ß-catenin in response to Wnt signaling. Glucose-dependent ß-catenin nuclear retention requires lysine 354 and is mediated by alteration of the balance between p300 and sirtuins that trigger ß-catenin acetylation. Consequently ß-catenin accumulates in the nucleus and activates target promoters under combined glucose and Wnt stimulation, but not with either stimulus alone. Our results reveal a mechanism by which high glucose enhances signaling through the cancer-associated Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and may explain the increased frequency of cancer associated with obesity and diabetes.


Subject(s)
Glucose/pharmacology , Neoplasms/metabolism , Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects , beta Catenin/metabolism , Acetylation/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chromatin/metabolism , Cytosol/drug effects , Cytosol/metabolism , E1A-Associated p300 Protein/metabolism , Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/genetics , Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/metabolism , Humans , Lithium Chloride/pharmacology , Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Protein Binding/drug effects , Protein Stability/drug effects , Sirtuins/metabolism , TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects , Transcriptional Activation/drug effects , Transcriptional Activation/genetics , Wnt3A Protein/pharmacology
17.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 119(4): 315-320, oct.-dic. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701635

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue relacionar la concentración de mercurio urinario de 100 residentes de la comunidad Boca de Yaracuy (zona costera del Estado Carabobo-Venezuela) con los niveles mercuriales encontrados en pescado, agua y sedimento provenientes del Caño El Alpargatón. Durante el estudio fueron captados 4 peces, 2 muestras de agua y tres de sedimento y analizadas por absorción atómica. La media de los niveles de mercurio en la orina de los individuos analizados fue de 3,62 ± 1,09 µg/g creatinina, ubicandose por debajo del valor límites establecido por la Agencia para sustancias tóxicas y registro de enfermedades, Conferencia americana de higienistas industriales gubernamentales y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, además de las Gacetas oficiales venezolanas N° 5382 y 5021. En las muestras ambientales provenientes del Caño. El Alpargatón, no se encontraron niveles elevados de mercurio, así como ausencia de intoxicación por mercurio en sus habitantes. Se requieren de nuevas investigaciones que abarquen un mayor número de elementos que faciliten un mejor abordaje de la contaminación mercurial.


The aim study was to relate the concentration of urinary mercury than 100 residents of the Community Boca Yaracuy (Carabobo state coastal-Venezuela) with mercury levels found in fish, water and sediment from the Caño Alpargatón. During the study were caught 4 fish, 2 samples of water and three samples of sedimentand, analyzed by atomic absorption. The average mercury levels in urine of individuals analyzed was 3,62 ± 1.09 mg/g creatinine, ranking below the limits set by the Agency for toxic substance and disease registry, American conference of gubernamental industrial hygienists, the World Health Organization and the Venezuela Official Gazettes N°5382 and 5021. In environmental samples from the Caño Alpargaton not were found elevanted levels of mercury and mercury poisoning absence of its inhabitants. Further investigations are needed to cover a larger number of elements to be a better approach to mercury pollution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Creatinine/toxicity , Creatinine/urine , Mercury Poisoning/complications , Metals/adverse effects , Inhalation Exposure/analysis , Fisheries/methods , Rural Population
18.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(7): 504-507, ago.-sept. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-85674

ABSTRACT

Las lesiones del tracto gastrointestinal inducidas por fármacos son cada vez más frecuentes, pero en general poco reconocidas. Aunque hay un número elevado de fármacos que se asocian con efectos adversos gastrointestinales, hay limitados patrones característicos de los mismos. La gastritis aguda isquémica es una entidad poco común que rara vez se distingue de otras formas de isquemia intestinal. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 69 años que en el contexto de una reagudización de su anemia, encontramos una lesión gástrica poco común (AU)


Drug-induced gastrointestinal tract lesions are becoming more frequent but are generally little known. Although a large number of drugs have gastrointestinal adverse effects, there are few characteristic patterns. Acute ischemic gastritis is an uncommon entity that is rarely distinguished from other forms of intestinal ischemia. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed with an unusual gastric lesion in the context of an acute exacerbation of her anemia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Anemia/complications , Stomach Ulcer/etiology , Acute Disease
19.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 33(7): 504-7, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20598775

ABSTRACT

Drug-induced gastrointestinal tract lesions are becoming more frequent but are generally little known. Although a large number of drugs have gastrointestinal adverse effects, there are few characteristic patterns. Acute ischemic gastritis is an uncommon entity that is rarely distinguished from other forms of intestinal ischemia. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed with an unusual gastric lesion in the context of an acute exacerbation of her anemia.


Subject(s)
Anemia/complications , Stomach Ulcer/etiology , Acute Disease , Aged , Female , Humans
20.
Salud trab. (Maracay) ; 17(1): 7-22, jun. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631819

ABSTRACT

El óxido de etileno (OE) es un cancerígeno genotóxico con habilidad para reaccionar con macromoléculas biológicas, como la Hemoglobina y Acido desoxirribonucléico (ADN), formando N-(2-hidroxietil)valina (HEV) y 7-(2-hidroxietil)-guanina (7-HEG) respectivamente, compuestos llamados aductos. Estudio descriptivo, cuyo propósito fue evaluar trabajadores del área de esterilización de un hospital público expuestos a OE, mediante la determinación de aductos de hemoglobina, micronúcleos en linfocitos (MN), tioeteres en orina y parámetros hematológicos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 10 individuos expuestos (GE) entre 24 y 56 años y 9 sujetos control (GC) con el mismo rango de edad de una universidad pública. El valor medio de N-(2-hidroxietil)valina (HEV) (pmol/g globina), en el GE fue 6758,5 ± 4143,6 y de 465,7 ± 484,5 en el GC (p < 0,0001), para MN x 1000 células, en el GE el valor medio fue de 4,8 ± 2,5 y de 0,7 ± 0,8 en el GC (p < 0,0001); Para la concentración de tioéter (mmolesSH/mol de creatinina), se obtuvo en el GE 38,5 ± 22,6 y en el GC 23,2 ± 8,8, encontrándose diferencias significativa al 5% (p=0,04), entre ambos grupos. Los parámetros hematológicos estudiados en GE y GC, puso en evidencia disminución de hemoglobina y hematocrito en el GE con una diferencia significativa entre las medias, de la hemoglobina (p=0,03) y en el hematocrito (p=0,04). Concluyéndose que los resultados son consistentes con algunos estudios previos de biomonitoreo ocupacional, demostrándose la importancia de disponer de una batería de biomarcadores en la evaluación de la exposición al OE.


Ethylene oxide (EO) is a genotoxic carcinogen, able to react with biological macromolecules such as hemoglobin and deoxyrebonucleic acid (DNA) to form N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine (HEV) and 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-guanine (7-HEG), respectively; these compounds are known as adducts. We evaluated biomarkers of effect and exposure workers from the central sterilization unit of a public hospital. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate 10 EO-exposed employees (GE), ranging in age from 24 to 56 years, and 9 control workers from a public university (GC) of similar age.. The mean value of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine (HEV)(pmol/mol globin) in the GE group was 6758.6 ± 4143.6 and 465.7 ± 484.5 in the GC group; for micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes (MNx1000 cells), the mean value in GE was 4.8 ± 2.5 and for GC it was 0.7 ± 0.8 in GC (p< 0,0001). Thioether concentrations (mmoles SH/mol creatinine), were also significantly higher in GE (38.5 ± 22.6) than in GC (23.2±8.8) (p=0,04). Standard hematological indices (hemoglobin and hematocrit) were lower in GE than in GC (p=0.03 and 0.04, respectively). These results agreed with some prior occupational biomonitoring studies that demonstrate the importance of using biomarker batteries in the evaluation of exposure to EO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hemoglobins , Micronucleus Tests , Ethylene Oxide , Occupational Risks , Occupational Health
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