Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Robust transcriptional indicators of immune cell death revealed by spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses.

Recognition of a pathogen by the plant immune system often triggers a form of regulated cell death traditionally known as the hypersensitive response (HR). This type of cell death occurs precisely at the site of pathogen recognition, and it is restricted to a few cells. Extensive research has shed light on how plant immune receptors are mechanistically activated. However, two central key questions remain largely unresolved: how does cell death zonation take place, and what are the mechanisms that underpin this phenomenon? Consequently, bona fide transcriptional indicators of HR are lacking, which prevents deeper insight into its mechanisms before cell death becomes macroscopic and precludes early or live observation. In this study, to identify the transcriptional indicators of HR we used the paradigmatic Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem and performed a spatiotemporally resolved gene expression analysis that compared infected cells that will undergo HR upon pathogen recognition with bystander cells that will stay alive and activate immunity. Our data revealed unique and time-dependent differences in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes, expression profiles, and biological processes derived from tissue undergoing HR and that of its surroundings. Furthermore, we generated a pipeline based on concatenated pairwise comparisons between time, zone, and treatment that enabled us to define 13 robust transcriptional HR markers. Among these genes, the promoter of an uncharacterized AAA-ATPase was used to obtain a fluorescent reporter transgenic line that displays a strong spatiotemporally resolved signal specifically in cells that will later undergo pathogen-triggered cell death. This valuable set of genes can be used to define cells that are destined to die upon infection with HR-triggering bacteria, opening new avenues for specific and/or high-throughput techniques to study HR processes at a single-cell level.

Síndrome embolia grasa en paciente con lesión medular / Fat embolic syndrome inspinal cord injury patient. Case report

Objetivo: El síndrome de embolia grasa es una manifes- tación infrecuente provocada por la obstrucción de los vasos sanguíneos por glóbulos de grasa. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es poner de ma- nifiesto la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz en el síndrome de embolia grasa a través de la ex- posición de un caso clínico. Material y métodos: Se expone el caso de un varón de 73 años con paraplejia desde hace 3 años que ingresa en nuestro hospital con múltiples fracturas en ambos miembros inferiores tras una caída desde su pro- pia altura. Durante el ingreso el paciente comenzó con insuficiencia respiratoria, confusión mental y púrpura cutánea compatible con un síndrome de embolia grasa. Resultados: Durante el ingreso en nuestro centro el pa- ciente precisó traslado a la UCI para vigilancia estrecha y tratamiento de soporte. La evolución fue satisfactoria y, tras 14 días de ingreso, pudo irse de alta sin clínica respiratoria, neurológica ni lesiones dérmicas. Conclusiones: Síndrome embolia grasa en paciente con lesión medular. Caso clínico El diagnóstico del síndrome de embolia grasa es fundamentalmente clínico. El tratamiento de elección es sintomático. En la literatura Mientras que en las fases iniciales el tratamiento consiste en estabilizar las fracturas, en la fase establecida el tratamiento es de soporte. (AU)

Objetive: Fat embolism syndrome is rare manifestation caused by the obstruction of blood vessels by fat emboli. The objective of this manuscript is to emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis in fat embolism syndrome through the presentation of a clinical case. due to a delayed diagnosis is associated with increased mortality. Material and methods: We present the case of a 73-year-old man with paraplegia for 3 years who was admitted to our hospital presenting multiple fractures in both lower limbs after a fall from his self-height. During admission, he began with neurological and respiratory symptoms and petechiae on the chest that made us suspect a fat embolism syndrome. Results: During admission to our center, the patient required transfer to the ICU for close monitoring and support treatment. The evolution was satisfactory and, after 14 days of having been admitted, he was able to be discharge without respiratory, neurological symptoms or skin lesions. Conclusions: The diagnosis of this syndrome is clinical and the treatment of choice is symptomatic. In the literature, at the initial stage, the treatment is based on fracture stabilization, otherwise, and at the maintenance phase, the treatment is supportive such us: optimizing blood volume, oxygen therapy... (AU)

Development of an antigen Enzyme-Linked AptaSorbent Assay (ELASA) for the detection of swine influenza virus in field samples.

Influenza viruses are highly variable pathogens that infect a wide range of mammalian and avian species. According to the internal conserved proteins (nucleoprotein: NP, and matrix proteins: M), these viruses are classified into type A, B, C, and D. Influenza A virus in swine is of significant importance to the industry since it is responsible for endemic infections that lead to high economic loses derived from poor weight gain, reproductive disorders, and the role it plays in Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). To date, swine influenza virus (SIV) diagnosis continues to be based in complex and expensive technologies such as RT-qPCR. In this study, we aimed to improve actual tools by the implementation of aptamers as capture molecules. First, three different aptamers have been selected using as target the recombinant NP of Influenza A virus expressed in insect cells. Then, these molecules have been used for the development of an Enzyme-Linked AptaSorbent Assay (ELASA) in combination with specific monoclonal antibodies for Influenza A detection. A total of 171 field samples (nasal swabs) have been evaluated with the newly developed assay obtaining a 79.7% and 98.1% sensitivity and specificity respectively, using real time RT-PCR as standard assay. These results suggest that the assay is a promising method that could be used for Influenza A detection in analysis laboratories facilitating surveillance labours.

Fractura-luxación central bilateral de cadera / Bilateral acetabular fracture dislocation

Objetivo: La fractura luxación central bilateral de cadera es una lesión muy infrecuente. El objetivo se basa en exponer nuestra experiencia y resaltar la importancia de su diagnóstico precoz por la elevada mortalidad que supone el retraso del mismo. Material y métodos: En este artículo se expone el caso de un varón de 68 años que ingresó en nuestro hospital tras presentar una fractura-luxación central de ambas caderas tras crisis convulsiva. Resultados: En este caso, se decidió tratamiento conservador al tratarse de un paciente pluripatológico con alto riesgo quirúrgico y desenlace fatal. Conclusiones: En la literatura consultada, el tratamiento de elección es la reducción abierta y fijación interna, sin embargo, la mayoría de los pacientes tenían grandes morbilidades optándose por tratamiento conservador mediante tracciones transesqueléticas y vigilancia estrecha del sangrado.(AU)

Objective: Bilateral-central luxation hip fracture is an infrequent injury. Our aim is to present our experience highlighting the value of an early diagnosis whose delay causes a high mortality.Material and methods: This article sets out a 68-year-old man case who was admitted to our hospital for evaluation. A luxation-fracture in both hips diagnosis was made following a generalized seizure.Results: In this case, it was decided a conservative treatment addressing his pluripatological condition with high surgical associated risk and fatal ending.Conclusions: According to bibliography, the election treatment is an open reduction with an internal fixation. However, due to the fact that most of patients had high morbidities, a conservative treatment based on transeskeletal tractions along with a close monitoring of bleeding was elected.(AU)

Benefit of oxytocin released by cervix stimulation in Mexican Holstein cattle.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship level of oxytocin released and the tactile stimulation of the cervix in Holstein cattle from the northwestern arid regions in México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervixes of 10 Holstein Friesian dairy cows in mid-lactation were manually stimulated for 60 sec. Oxytocin released in the blood was analyzed before and after stimulation. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used in the analysis to make oxytocin detectable by spectrometry techniques and by converting the luminescence absorbance of each sample into pg per mol. RESULTS: The study revealed that tactile stimulation of the cervix increased oxytocin levels. The highest increase in oxytocin level was 10,940.8222 pg/mol, while the lowest increase in oxytocin level was 1,830.94254 pg/mol. Besides, the milk production by tactile stimulation of the cervix had a higher milk yield and a p-value of 9.4 × 10-4 (p < 0.05) in comparison to the monthly average without tactile stimulation. CONCLUSION: Tactile stimulation of the cervix activates the Ferguson reflex and increases the oxytocin released in the blood and increases the milk released from the alveolar glands.

Compositional and Structural Features of the Main Bioactive Polysaccharides Present in the Aloe vera Plant.

Aloe vera (A. barbadensis Miller) is probably one of the most popular plants, widely studied because of numerous properties associated with the polysaccharides present in its gel. In particular, two main types of bioactive polysaccharides can be distinguished in the A. vera gel: an acetylated mannose-rich polymer that functions as storage polysaccharide, and a galacturonic acid-rich polymer as the main component comprising the cell walls of the parenchymatous tissue. Interestingly, most of the beneficial properties related to the aloe plant have been associated with the acetylated mannose-rich polysaccharide, also known as acemannan. However, the composition and structural features of these polysaccharides, as well as the beneficial properties associated with them, may be altered by different factors, such as the climate, soil, postharvest treatments, and processing. Further, different analytical methods have been used not only to identify but also to characterize the main polysaccharides found in parenchyma of A. vera leaf. Within this context, the main aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant information about the structural and compositional features of the main polysaccharides found in the A. vera gel as well as the most relevant analytical techniques used for their identification and their influence on the technological, functional, and beneficial properties related to the A. vera plant.

Effect of different drying procedures on the bioactive polysaccharide acemannan from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller).

The main effects of different drying procedures: spray-, industrial freeze-, refractance window- and radiant zone-drying, on acemannan, the main bioactive polysaccharide from Aloe vera gel, were investigated. All the drying procedures caused a considerable decrease in the acemannan yield (∼40%). Degradation affected not only the backbone, as indicated by the important losses of (1→4)-linked mannose units, but also the side-chains formed by galactose. In addition, methylation analysis suggested the deacetylation of mannose units (>60%), which was confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. Interestingly, all these changes were reflected in the functional properties which were severely affected. Thus, water retention capacity values from processed samples decreased ∼50%, and a reduction greater than 80% was determined in swelling and fat adsorption capacity values. Therefore, these important modifications should be taken into consideration, since not only the functionality but also the physiological effects attributed to many Aloe vera-based products could also be affected.

[Modification of health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients]. / Modificación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en receptores de trasplante renal.

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of health-related quality of life is essential to renal replacement therapies. We conducted a study to evaluate the change in quality of life at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation and compared with healthy population and general population. METHODS: A prospective study in 278 renal transplant recipients using the SF-36 survey at 0, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy population (kidney donors) and general population. Student t test was employed for comparisons of means. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The quality of life before transplantation was lower than that observed in healthy population and the general population (p<0.001). At 6 months of transplantation significant improvement over the baseline measurement (p<0.001) in the 8 domains and the two composite scales was obtained, but at 12 months, an additional benefit was not observed. The quality of life of recipients at 12 months of transplant was lower only in the concept of general health (p=0.035) compared with healthy population. However, it was higher than general population in physical and mental composite scales (p=0.013 and p=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The health related quality of life improved significantly at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation, achieving equated healthy population and general population.

Introducción: la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es fundamental en las terapias de reemplazo renal. Realizamos un estudio para evaluar la modificación en la calidad de vida a los 6 y 12 meses del trasplante renal y compararla con población sana y población general. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 278 receptores renales aplicando la encuesta SF-36 a los 0, 6 y 12 meses del trasplante. Los resultados fueron comparados con los obtenidos en población sana (donantes renales) y población general. Se empleó prueba t de student para realizar las comparaciones de medias. Una p < 0.05 fue considerada estadísticamente significativa.Resultados: la calidad de vida previa al trasplante fue inferior a la observada en población sana y población general (p < 0.001). A los 6 meses de trasplante se obtuvo mejoría significativa con respecto a la medición basal (p < 0.001) en los 8 dominios y las dos escalas compuestas, pero a los 12 meses no se observó un beneficio adicional. La calidad de vida de los receptores a los 12 meses de trasplante fue inferior solo en el concepto de salud general (p = 0.035) al compararse con la población sana. No obstante, fue superior a la población general en las escalas compuestas física y mental (p = 0.013 y p = 0.001 respectivamente).Conclusiones: la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mejora significativamente a los 6 y 12 meses del trasplante renal, logrando equipararse con población sana y población general.

Aspartame Administration and Insulin Treatment Altered Brain Levels of CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

This study demonstrates that aspartame consumption and insulin treatment in a juvenile diabetic rat model leads to increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A2 isozymes in brain. Diabetes mellitus was induced in postweaned 21-day-old Wistar male rat by streptozotocin. Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: untreated control, diabetic (D), D-insulin, D-aspartame, or the D-insulin + aspartame-treated group. Brain and liver tissue samples were used to analyze the activity of CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 and protein levels. Our results indicate that combined treatment with insulin and aspartame in juvenile diabetic rats significantly induced CYP2E1 in the cerebrum and cerebellum without modifying it in the liver, while CYP3A2 protein activity increased both in the brain and in the liver. The induction of CYP2E1 in the brain could have important in situ toxicological effects, given that this CYP isoform is capable of bioactivating various toxic substances. Additionally, CYP3A2 induction in the liver and brain could be considered a decisive factor in the variation of drug response and toxicity.

Sialolitectomía intraoral con láser de CO2: reporte de un caso / Intraoral sialolithectomy performed using a CO2 laser: a case report

La sialolitiasis es una enfermedad común de las glándulas salivares mayores, representa el 11% al 70 % de la patología glandular obstructiva.Consiste en la obstrucción mecánica delconducto salival excretor o del parénquima glandular, por una formación calcárea llamada sialolito; afecta con mayor frecuencia a laglándula submandibular (78 por ciento), en menor grado a la glándula parótida (20 por ciento) y a la glándulasublingual (2 por ciento). Se reporta una predilección mayor en hombres (2:1) y preferentemente entrela cuarta y sexta década de la vida.Para el diagnóstico de una sialolitiasis de la glándula submandibular, la clínica es bastante sugestiva, porque la obstrucción del conducto de Wharton produce tumefacción en el piso de boca y dolor intenso que varía durante el día, aumentando especialmente después de las comidas por sobresestimulaciónde la glándula. El diagnóstico por imagen más sencillo y económico para evidenciar un sialolito es la radiografía oclusal de la arcada inferior; otrosestudios de imagen demuestran la localización exacta del cálculo dentro de la glándula como: la ultrasonografía, la tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética nuclear, sialografías,y endoscopia. El tratamiento depende del compromiso de la funcionalidad de la glándula según la cronicidad de la inflamación y el tamaño del sialolito.La sialolitectomía intraoral con laser CO2 , es el tratamiento que ofrece buenos resultados en términos de conservación de la glándula ybaja morbilidad, que en casos bien seleccionados es una técnica mínimamente invasiva y con bajo índice de complicaciones.

Síndrome hemofagocítico secundario a infección por Erythrovirus B19 y embarazo / Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to infection Erythrovirus B19 and pregnancy

Antecedentes: El síndrome hemofagocítico es un desorden caracterizado por una proliferación benigna de los histiocitos y la fagocitosis de las células hematopoiéticas normales. Puede ocurrir por diversos estados de compromiso inmunológico o secundario a una gran variedad de infecciones. El comportamiento clínico puede presentarse desde una rápida recuperación hasta la muerte. Caso: Se descubrió una aplasia hematopoiética en una mujer de 27 años con 22 semanas de gestación sin factores de riesgo conocidos, presentando signos y síntomas aparentes de un síndrome purpúrico. La serología viral confirmó IgG e IgM positivos para Erythrovirus B19 y el aspirado de médula ósea demostró una hemofagocitosis reactiva con histiocitos y blastos afectando línea celular roja y blanca. El cuidado materno-fetal y el manejo conllevó al nacimiento de un recién nacido sin complicaciones. Conclusión: El diagnóstico del síndrome hemofagocítico durante el embarazo y el manejo oportuno de las complicaciones resultó en una adecuada resolución y éxito perinatal.

Background: Hemophagocytic syndrome is a hematologic disorder characterized by benign proliferation of histiocytes that undergo uncontrolled phagocytosis of normal hematopoietic cells. It can occur as a consequence of immunologic compromise or secondary of a wide range of infections. Clinical behavior can present from complete recovery to rapid deterioration and death. Case: Hematopoietic aplasia was discovered in a 27-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, at 22 weeks' gestation without known risk factors, presenting signs and symptoms of a purpuric syndrome. Confirmatory IgG and IgM Erythrovirus B19 viral serology was reported and bone marrow aspírate demonstrated reactive hemophagocytosis with histiocytes and blasts affecting red and white blood cell lines. Maternal-fetal assessment and management resulted in the delivery of a healthy newborn with an uncomplicated postpartum response. Conclusion: Oportune diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome during pregnancy and prompt management of its complications result in a marked resolution and perinatal success.

Diferenciación neuroendocrina y marcadores de proliferación celular en adenocarcinoma de próstata en un grupo de casos con antígeno prostático específico normal vs elevado / Neuroendocrine differentiation and markers of cell proliferation in a group of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and normal or high serum prostate-specific antigen levels

Objetivo. Investigar la población de células neuroendocrinas y sus características morfológicas en pacientes con cáncer de próstata y antígeno sérico normal versus antígeno sérico elevado. Material y métodos. En 13 años se identificaron 372 casos de cáncer de próstata de los cuales 19 (5.1%) con antígeno sérico normal (Grupo I). Se seleccionaron 16 grupos controles con antígeno sérico elevado y características histopatológicas similares (Grupo II). Se evaluaron porcentaje de necrosis tumoral, invasión vascular y perineural, inmunohistoquímica: sinaptofisina, enolasa neuroespecífica, antígeno prostático específico, Ki-67 y p53. Resultados. En el grupo I, se obtuvieron 61 % de casos positivos para antígeno tisular, 28.6 % sinaptofisina, 7.1 % para enolasa neuroespecífica, 50 % para p53 y 78.6 % para Ki-67. En el grupo II, los resultados fueron: sinaptofisina 13.3%, enolasa-neuroespecífica 26.6%, antígeno tisular 93%, p53 46.6% y Ki-67 66.7%. Con punto de corte de antígeno tisular expresado en < 80% de células neoplásicas, en el grupo I se encontraron 69.2% de casos, y en el grupo II 21.4% (p = 0.02). Conclusiones. El único dato histológico que mostró diferencia significativa fue la expresión tisular de antígeno prostático específico en < 80% de las células neoplásicas en el grupo I. Se asoció el incremento de las células neuroendocrinas con el menor número de células productoras de antígeno tisular; esta situación podría ser más visible al estudiar un mayor número de pacientes con características semejantes.

OBJECTIVE: Study the morphologic characteristics of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer with normal versus elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 372 cases of prostate cancer were identified during a 13 year period, of which 19 displayed normal PSA (group I). Sixteen controls with elevated PSA and similar histopathological characteristics (group II) were included. We studied the degree of tumor necrosis, vascular and perineural invasion. Synaptophysin (SP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), PSA, Ki-67 and p53 inmunoreactivity were also analyzed. RESULTS: Group I positive findings were 61% PSA, 28.6% SP. 7.1% NSE, 50%p53, and 78.6% Ki-67. Group II positive findings were 93% PSA, 13.3% SP, 26.6% NSE 46.6% p53, and 66.7% Ki-67. When we used a <80% cut off point for PSA immunoreactivity in tumor cells, 69.2% of group I and 21.4% of group II were found. CONCLUSIONS: The sole histopathological finding that showed statistical significance was the tissular expression of the specific prostatic antigen in 80% of neoplasic cells in group I. The increase of neuroendocrine cells was associated with a smaller number of tissular antigen producing cells, a finding that could be more apparent if we were to study a larger sample size.

[Neuroendocrine differentiation and markers of cell proliferation in a group of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and normal or high serum prostate-specific antigen levels]. / Diferenciación neuroendocrina y marcadores de proliferación celular en adenocarcinoma de próstata en un grupo de casos con antígeno prostático específico normal vs elevado.

OBJECTIVE: Study the morphologic characteristics of neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer with normal versus elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 372 cases of prostate cancer were identified during a 13 year period, of which 19 displayed normal PSA (group I). Sixteen controls with elevated PSA and similar histopathological characteristics (group II) were included. We studied the degree of tumor necrosis, vascular and perineural invasion. Synaptophysin (SP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), PSA, Ki-67 and p53 inmunoreactivity were also analyzed. RESULTS: Group I positive findings were 61% PSA, 28.6% SP. 7.1% NSE, 50%p53, and 78.6% Ki-67. Group II positive findings were 93% PSA, 13.3% SP, 26.6% NSE 46.6% p53, and 66.7% Ki-67. When we used a <80% cut off point for PSA immunoreactivity in tumor cells, 69.2% of group I and 21.4% of group II were found. CONCLUSIONS: The sole histopathological finding that showed statistical significance was the tissular expression of the specific prostatic antigen in 80% of neoplasic cells in group I. The increase of neuroendocrine cells was associated with a smaller number of tissular antigen producing cells, a finding that could be more apparent if we were to study a larger sample size.

Efecto de un sistema de enfriamiento a espacio abierto en la eficiencia productiva de novillos Holstein durante el verano / Effect of a cooling system to space opened up in the productive efficiency of young bulls Holstein during the summer

Para evaluar los efectos de un sistema de enfriamiento a espacio abierto en la ganacia de peso, consumo de alimento y frecuencia respiratoria se utilizaron 32 novillos Holstein de 373kg, distribuidos en dos tratamientos de un diseño al azar con mediciones repetidas. Un tratamiento fue únicamente sombre en la parte central del corral (grupo testigo; n=16) y un segundo tratamiento contó con un sistema de enfriamiento a espacio abierto (n=16). Dicho sistema consistió en un abanico con una hélice de 2,4m de diámetro produciendo un volumen de aire de 1416m3/min con una cobertura de ascilación de 90 grados centígrados. los aspersores instalados en el sistema liberaron una cantidad de agua de 12/min. El estudio tuvo una duración de 90 días, resgistrándose en este período un índice de temperatura-humedad máximo en un rango de 84 a 90. La ganacia de peso fue similar (p>0,05) entre el grupo testigo y el enfriado (1,34±0,05 vs 1,41 ± 0,05kg/día, respectivamente) así como el consumo de alimento (9,9 vs 10,5kg/día). Sin embrago, se observó una tendencia a incrementar la eficiencia productiva y una reducción (p<0,05) en la frecuencia respiratoria de los novillos bajo el sistema de enfriamoento en comparación con el grupo testigo (89 vs 104 respiraciones por minuto), indicando un mejoramiento en su confort

[Plasma and milk concentrations of acenocoumarin in breast-feeding women during post partum]. / Concentraciones de acenocumarina en el plasma y la leche de madres anticoaguladas durante el puerperio.

BACKGROUND: Patients are receiving anticoagulants during postpartum. Literature data still is controversy in milk excretion of acenocoumarin; there are conducts in favor and against. Because of the benefits of maternal milk it's necessary to probe if acenocoumarin is excreted by human milk. OBJECTIVE: To determine the milk excretion of acenocoumarin in different periods of the postpartum and the milk excretion index in anticoagulant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It's an observational, descriptive and prospective study. The milk and plasma concentrations of acenocoumarin were determined in breast-feeding mothers with anticoagulation during the postpartum. ANOVA was used to determine the differences in pharmacokinetic constants in the different days of study. RESULTS: Two patients required light anticoagulation, nine moderate and five intense. The 37.5% of the new born were full term hypotrophy and the 18.75% were preterm. The highest plasma average concentration of acenocoumarin was found in day 45th postpartum (0.21 microg/mL). Acenocoumarin present in milk was found until day 30th; the average concentrations were low 0.011 microg/mL. The value of the maternal milk excretion index was 0.057 in day 45, what represents that approximately the 5% of acenocoumarin is eliminated by milk. The calculated dose of acenocoumarin that a new born could receive through maternal milk was lower than the recommended doses (1.79 microg/kg/day). CONCLUSION: These results allowed us to recommend breastfeeding in patients who are been anticoagulated with acenocoumarin.

Angioplastia primaria en infarto agudo del miocardio. Reporte de 304 pacientes consecutivos / Primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction report of 304 consecutive patients

Se revisó una serie de pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM), tratados con angioplastía primaria en el Hospital Del Carmen durante un periodo de 7 años. El grupo consta de 304 pacientes consecutivos: 205 hombres (67 por ciento) y 99 mujeres (33 por ciento) de edades entre 32 y 98 años (X = 69 años). El tiempo de presentación fue de 3.5 horas (menos de 8 horas en 92 por ciento); 43 pacientes (14 por ciento) tenían historia de cirugía de revascularización y 71 (23 por ciento) de infarto previo; 33 pacientes (11 por ciento) se presentaron en choque cardiogénico. La angiografía coronaria mostró enfermedad de multivasos en el 56 por ciento, el flujo TIMI 0-1 se encontró en el 73 por ciento. Se obtuvo éxito angiográfico en el 95 por ciento y la mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 6.5 por ciento, La angioplastía primaria es un método de reperfusión eficaz con baja morbi-mortalidad aún en pacientes de alto riesgo

Edema pulmonar agudo post obstructivo secundario a laringo espasmo. Reporte de caso / Acute post obstructive pulmonary edema after laringospasm

Se reporta el caso de un paciente joven que fue sometido a hernioplastia inguinal izquierda, que presentó durante la emergencia de la anestesia, laringoespasmo, y secundario a este desarrolla edema agudo pulmonar se hace un breve análisis de puntos importantes del diagnóstico, la fisiopatología y el tratamiento de ambas entidades clínicas