ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar durante la última década del siglo XX frente a la década anterior las tendencias emergentes en los parámetros de natalidad y mortalidad del recién nacido en las Islas Baleares. Material y métodos: Estudio restrospectivo basado en datos obtenidos del Instituto de Estadística Nacional y Balear y del registro del Hospital Son Dureta, referentes a natalidad y mortalidad perinatal en recién nacidos de al menos 28 semanas o peso igual o superior a 1.000 g. Durante el período 1990-1999, se determinaron también dichas tasas en los recién nacidos con un peso de 500 a 999 g en el Hospital Son Dureta. Resultados: La comparación entre la primera y segunda década pone de relieve una clara disminución en los últimos 10 años de las tasas por 1.000 de mortalidad en el conjunto de la comunidad: la mortalidad fetal tardía (MFT) pasa de 8,53 a 3,83 (p = 0,45), la mortalidad neonatal precoz (MNP) de 5,85 a 2,39 (p = 0,36) y la mortalidad perinatal (MP) de 13,17 a 6,26 (p = 0,48).Considerando el conjunto de la última década en el Hospital Son Dureta y en los demás centros, las tasas de MFT son superiores en el primero (4,6 frente a 3,4), mientras que las de MNP son inferiores (1,7 frente a 3,1) y las tasas de MP son similares (6,3 frente a 6,6).Entre 213 recién nacidos de peso inferior a 1.000 g, 75 nacieron muertos (352/1.000), 56 fallecieron en los primeros 6 días de vida (406/1.000) y 9 (65/1.000) murieron entre los días 7 y 27.Conclusiones: Entre la penúltima y la última década del siglo XX, la mortalidad fetal tardía y neonatal precoz disminuyeron en más del 50 por ciento, con lo que se logró superar ya en 1997 los logros de los países más avanzados en este campo (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant Mortality , Birth Rate , Mortality , Infant Mortality , 29161 , Retrospective Studies , Birth Rate , Family Development Planning/standards , Family Development Planning/organization & administration , Family Development Planning/methods , Birth RateABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Nitric oxide (NO), a short-lived radical synthesized from L-arginine by activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy by some investigators. However, the current data about NO and NOS in epilepsy are controversial and are derived only from animal models of epilepsy. In this study we investigated possible changes in NOS expression in the cerebral cortex of patients with epilepsy. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative parameters of the immunolabeling pattern of the neuronal, endothelial, and inducible isoforms of NOS were analyzed in biopsy material obtained from patients with short and long seizure history and from patients without epilepsy. RESULTS: The comparative study showed that in the cerebral cortex of patients with epilepsy, particularly in those with a long seizure history, the number and labeling intensity of NOS-positive neurons increased, and that a subpopulation of nonpyramidal GABAergic neurons (type II NOS neurons) was responsible for this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that NOS upregulation is more evident in patients with a long seizure history suggests that this is a consequence of seizures, acting probably as an adaptative response to the sustained release of excitatory amino acids.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/enzymology , Epilepsy/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy , Cerebral Cortex/chemistry , Child , Endothelium/enzymology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neurons/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/analysis , Protein IsoformsABSTRACT
Among relatives of parturients of Majorca island a statistically higher prevalence of HBV markers was found among children (22.8%) and husbands (43.8%) of 49 HBsAg chronic carriers as compared to 2.7% and 19.2%, respectively, among the corresponding relatives of 79 susceptible controls. Prevalence of the carrier state was 0% among both children and husbands of susceptible women, 2.1% (NS) and 11.4% (p less than 0.0001) among husbands and children, respectively, of chronic carrier parturients with a proportion of chronic antigenemia among subjects with HBV markers, that reaches 50% in children and only 4.8% (p less than 0.01) in adults. Following active-passive immunization, an active response of anti-HBs (3.4%), and HBsAg (1.7%), was achieved, after 12 months of follow-up, in 59 newborns of chronic carrier parturients. Detection of HBsAg prior to delivery as well as immunization both of newborns and susceptible household contacts of chronic carrier mothers should become general.
