Endoscopic management of spontaneous esophageal and postoperative motility disorders.

Considerable progress has been made in therapeutic endoscopy over recent years and new techniques now offer access to a new space, the submucosal space, thus paving the way for new therapeutic perspectives, in particular, for functional endoscopy. The first of these applications, POEM (Per-oral endoscopic myotomy), has become, since the beginning of the 2010's, an endoscopic alternative to Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. The results of this technique have been fully documented, and the technique has replaced pneumatic dilatation and become the standard treatment for this indication with equivalent effectiveness compared to traditional surgery, but with less morbidity. Indeed, the overall efficacy is around 90%, results are stable over time, and severe morbidity is less than 1%. Later, other motility disorders, such as spastic disorders, have been treated, certainly with less impressive outcomes than for achalasia, but still, of interest. This approach has also been applied to post-fundoplication motility disorders, whose de novo prevalence can be as high as 20%, and for which management is complex; this represents another new non-surgical perspective. The POEM procedure for this indication, in addition to myotomy, allows performance of a partial incision of the wrap with substantial symptomatic relief. In conclusion, the technique seems to have a bright future as it is progressively applied to more and more motility disorders.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a benign non-tumoral disorder of the major papilla. It occurs mainly after cholecystectomy but can also occur before surgery. Biliary pain and biliary colic are the most frequent symptoms although recurrent pancreatic pain or pancreatitis can also be presenting symptoms. In about half of the cases, there is a fibrotic stricture of the sphincter of Oddi, probably secondary to the passage of biliary stones, while in the remaining half, the syndrome is due to ampullary motility disorders. The diagnosis of SOD first requires exclusion of choledocholithiasis or ampullary tumor, by means of ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Findings on biliary manometry will establish the diagnosis, but this technique is performed less and less often because its high risk of inducing pancreatitis discourages its use as a diagnostic procedure. Biliary scintigraphy offers a risk-free alternative albeit with lower sensitivity. Medical treatment relies on the administration of trimebutine and nitroglycerine when pain occurs. Their efficacy is moderate. Sometimes patients are referred for endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic treatment should be performed only for patients with biliary pain associated with hepatic function disorders and/or bile duct dilatation. Practicians and patients should be aware that endoscopic sphincterotomy in this clinical setting is associated with a high risk of pancreatitis and its efficacy is limited in patients with pain but without laboratory anomalies or dilatation of the biliary duct (type III Milwaukee classification). Patients with Milwaukee classification type III disorders have mostly functional complaints or psychosocial disabilities and require only medical management.

Radio-induced esophageal motility disorders: An unrecognized diagnosis.

PURPOSE: Esophageal motility disorders (EMD) after cervical or thoracic radiation therapy (RT) may represent a late impairment and appear under-diagnosed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EMD, diagnosed by high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) after cervical or thoracic RT. In this retrospective, single-centre study, all patients whom received cervical or thoracic RT and underwent HREM were eligible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oncologic data were collected: site of neoplasia, type of cancer, oncologic management (surgery and chemotherapy). EMD were classified according to the new Chicago Classification. RESULTS: Twenty patients (14 females), of mean age 62.33±11.14 years were included. Breast cancer was the most represented indication for RT (40%). Other cancers were lung tumor, head and neck tumors and Hogdkin's lymphoma. Dysphagia was the most frequent symptom justifying HREM (70%). Patients received a mean of 51±19.27 Gy, 70% of them (14/20) had radiation therapy concomitantly with chemotherapy. The delay between last radiation therapy session and HERM was 10.68±12.42 years. Twelve (60%) patients had an abnormal pattern at on HERM. Among them, 3 patients (15%) presented with a major motility disorder. The most frequent motility disorder was ineffective esophageal motility in 8 (40%) patients, 1 (5%) patient presented with type II achalasia. CONCLUSION: EMD should be suspected in patients with a history of cervical or thoracic RT in case of upper GI symptoms with normal endoscopy. In these particular patients, a manometric diagnosis that can explain their symptoms is of particular importance to limit anxiety linked to unexplained troubles.

Quiste óseo solitario / No disponible

INTRODUCCIÓN: El quiste óseo solitario representa el 1% de todos los quistes maxilares. Es una lesión ósea benigna que aparece de forma fortuita en una radiografía de control en la primera/segunda década de la vida, aunque la lesión carezca de trascendencia en la vida del paciente requiere de abordaje quirúrgico para confirmar el diagnóstico. CASO CLÍNICO: Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente mujer de 11 años de edad y raza negra, remitida al Servicio de Cirugía Bucal del Hospital Virgen de la Paloma tras observarse imagen radiotransparente apical a nivel de 43 y 44. Una vez realizada la exploración clínica y radiológica se propone cirugía exploratoria ante diagnóstico de presunción de quiste óseo solitario. Bajo anestesia local se procedió al abordaje quirúrgico observándose cavidad vacía en maxilar inferior sin contenido alguno, legrándose profusamente las paredes de la cavidad e introduciendo plasma rico en plaquetas obtenido previamente de la paciente. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía exploratoria confirma el diagnóstico de presunción de quiste óseo solitario vacío al no poderse mandar a analizar a anatomía patológica

No disponible

Estandarización en la metodología e interpretación de las curvas de desenfoque y la sensibilidad al contraste en el estudio de lentes intraoculares / Standardisation in the methodology and interpretation of the defocus curves and contrast sensitivity in the evaluation of intraocular lenses

No disponible

Caso clínico. Diagnóstico precoz del carcinoma mucoepidermoide. A propósito de un caso clínico / Early diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Case report

El carcinoma mucoepidermoide (CME) se define como una neoplasia maligna epitelial de glándulas salivales, caracterizada histopatológicamente por la proliferación de células mucosecretoras, intermedias y epidermoides. Se presenta en glándulas salivales mayores como la parótida y cuando afecta a las glándulas salivales menores, el paladar es el sitio más comúnmente afectado, aunque también puede encontrarse a nivel del labio inferior, suelo de boca y trígono retromolar. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el caso de un paciente varón de 67 años que acudió al Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Virgen de la Paloma, presentando una lesión localizada en el trígono retromolar derecho de aproximadamente 7 meses de evolución. Su historial médico no refiere ningún antecedente personal ni familiar de especial importancia. En el examen clínico extraoral no se encontró ningún hallazgo patológico de interés, e intraoralmente presentaba una lesión tumoral con forma irregular y superficie lisa, localizada en el trígono retromolar derecho, de color rojo parduzco, de consistencia blanda y dolorosa a la palpación. Se solicitó radiografía panorámica en la cual no se observó ningún hallazgo patológico, por lo que se procedió a realizar una biopsia incisional para su estudio histopatológico. La histopatología reveló la presencia de fragmentos con una proliferación neoplásica maligna en la que se reconocen células claras de aspecto mucoso, estructuras glandulares y otras con cierta disposición quística, al igual que la presencia de placas epiteliales de aspectos epidermoides, con células intermedias y un epitelio mucoso superficial con paraqueratosis, obteniéndose finalmente un diagnóstico definitivo de CME. El CME se considera una neoplasia maligna agresiva, que obliga a dar seguimiento a cualquier lesión sospechosa para poder descartar o corroborar esta entidad

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is defined as a epithelial malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands, characterised histopathologically by the proliferation of mucus-secreting, intermediate and epidermoid cells.It appears in major salivary glandes such as the parotid gland and when it affects the minor salivary glands, the palate is the most commonly affected site, although it can also be found at the level of the lower lip, floor of the mouth and retromolar trigone. The objective of this paper is to describe the case of a male patient of 67 years of age who came to the surgical service, presenting a lesion located in the right retromolar trigone of approximately 7 months of evolution.His medical history does not report any personal or family background of special importance. During the extraoral clinical examination, no pathological finding of interest was found; intraorally he presented a tumoral lesion with an irregular shape and smooth surface, located in the right retromolar trigone, of a dark red colour, soft consistency and tender to touch. A panoramic x-ray was requested in which no pathological finding was observed, for which reason an incisional biopsy was performed for its histopathological study. The histology revealed the presence of fragments with a malignant neoplastic proliferation in which clear cells of a mucous appearance, glandular structures and others with a certain cystic arrangement were recognised, as well as the presence of epithelial plaques of an epidermoid appearance, with intermediate cells and superficial mucous epithelium with parakeratosis, finally obtaining a definitive diagnosis of Mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC is considered an aggressive malignant neoplasm, which requires the monitoring of any suspicious lesion in order to be able to rule out or corroborate this entity

¿Es necesario un sistema de estadificación distinto al TNM para los tumores carcinoides pulmonares? / Is it necessary another staging system than TNM for lung carcinoid tumors?

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Perfil epidemiológico de la infección asociada a la atención en salud en pacientes atendidos en una clínica de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín / Epidemiological profile of nosocomial infection in patients treated in a high­complexity clinic from Medellin city / Perfil epidemiológico da infecção associada à atenção na saúde em pacientes atendidos numa clínica de alta complexidade da cidade de Medellín

Objetivo: caracterizar epidemiológicamente los eventos de infección asociada a la atención en salud en una clínica de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, con una muestra de 1 712 pacientes que presentaron infección asociada a la atención en salud. A las variables de naturaleza cuantitativa se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, dispersión o de posición. Las variables de naturaleza cualitativa se presentan con frecuencias absolutas y relativas Resultados: la tasa global de infección fue de 4.3%; el 67.5% se presentó en adultos. En los últimos seis años se presentó una reducción constante de la tasa global de infección, del 2010 al 2015 del 35.4%. La infección de sitio operatorio es la más frecuente (29%), seguida de bacteriemia (21%), infección urinaria (18%) y neumonía (16%). La unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos fue el servicio con mayor disminución en la tasa de infecciones, pasando del 15% en el 2012 al 8% en 2015. La Escherichia coli fue el microorganismo más aislado seguido de Staphylococcus spp. y Klebsiella spp. Conclusiones: los datos encontrados dejan ver que un adecuado programa de control de infecciones es esencial para el mejoramiento de la calidad de atención de los pacientes.

Objective: To make an epidemiological characterization of nosocomial infections in a high-complexity clinic in the city of Medellin. Methodology: Observational descriptive study with a sample of 1 712 patients, who presented nosocomial infection. The quantitative variables were analyzed by means of measures of central tendency, dispersion and position; in turn, the qualitative variables were presented with absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The rate infection was 4.3%; 67.5% occurred in adults. There was a continuous decrease in rate infection from 2010 to 2015 of 35.4%. Surgical site infection was the most common infection with 29%, followed by bacteremia (21%), urinary tract infection (18%) and pneumonia (16%). Adult intensive care unit was the service that showed a greater decrease in the rate of infections reducing from 15% in 2012 to 8% in 2015. Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. Conclusions: The data collected evidenced that a proper infection control program is essential in improving the quality of patient care.

Objetivo: caracterizar epidemiologicamente os eventos de infecção associada à atenção em saúde numa clínica de alta complexidade na cidade de Medellín. Metodologia: estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo, com uma amostra de 1 712 pacientes que apresentaram infecção associada à atenção em saúde. Às variáveis de natureza quantitativa se calcularam medidas de tendência central, dispersão ou de posição. As variáveis de natureza qualitativa se apresentam com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: a taxa global de infecção foi de 4.3%; 67.5% se apresentou em adultos. Nos últimos seis anos se apresentou uma redução constante da taxa global de infecção, de 2010 a 2015 de 35.4%. A infecção do lugar operatório é a mais frequente (29%), seguida de bacteriemia (21%), infecção urinária (18%) e pneumonia (16%). A unidade de tratamentos intensivos de adultos foi o serviço com maior diminuição na taxa de infecções, passando de 15% em 2012 a 8% em 2015. A Escherichia coli foi o microrganismo mais isolado seguido de Staphylococcus spp. e Klebsiella spp. Conclusões: os dados encontrados deixam ver que um adequado programa de controle de infecções é essencial para o melhoramento da qualidade de atenção dos pacientes.

Manejo terapéutico de la celulitis crónica circunscrita: a propósito de un caso clínico / Therapeutic Management Of Circunscribed Chronic Cellulitis: A Case Report

La celulitis crónica circunscrita es resulta-do de la persistencia de una lesión dentaria, bacterias de baja virulencia o una antibioterapia mal planteada. Se caracteriza por la presencia de un cordón fibroso, signo patognomónico, que debe ser elimina-do junto al foco causal. La clínica es poco llamativa y puede pasar desapercibida al paciente. Sin embargo, no está exenta de un posible proceso de agudización que dificulten su posterior tratamiento o que actúen como un foco infeccioso a distancia. Se presenta un caso de un paciente de 51 años que acude a consulta exudado de contenido purulento a través de una fistula extra-oral de un año de evolución. Se realizó la extracción de los dientes involucrados y se eliminó el cordón fibroso asociado. Se plantea junto al abordaje quirúrgico una pauta antibiótica de corta duración para prevenir la aparición de resistencias basado en la evidencia científica actual

Circumscribed chronic cellulitis is the result of the persistence of a dental lesion, bacteria of low virulence or poorly raised antibiotic therapy. It has been defined by the presence of a fibrous cord, a pathognomonic sign, which must be eliminated together with the causal focus.The clinic is inconspicuous and can go unnoticed to the patient. However, it is not exempt from a possible process of exacerbation that hinders its subsequent treatment or that acts as an infectious focus at a distance. We present a case of a 51-year-old patient who included an exudate consultation of purulent content through an extra oral fistula that had been one year old. The extraction of the involved teeth was performed and the associated fibrous cord was removed. It is presented with the surgical approach, a short-term medical practice to prevent the emergence of resistance based on current scientific evidence

Estudio prospectivo sobre la aplicación de un circuito WALANT para la cirugía del síndrome del túnel carpiano y dedo en resorte / Prospective study on the application of a WALANT circuit for surgery of tunnel carpal syndrome and trigger finger

Objetivo: Evaluar los beneficios para el paciente y el impacto económico de la implantación de un circuito de cirugía con anestesia local sin manguito ni sedación (wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique [WALANT], por sus siglas en inglés) comparado con pacientes intervenidos en quirófano con cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Método: Se diseñó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo comparando 150 casos intervenidos (túneles carpianos y dedo en resorte) de forma ambulatoria mediante técnica WALANT con otros 150 pacientes operados en circuito de cirugía mayor ambulatoria, con evaluación preoperatoria, anestesia regional y torniquete, en quirófano convencional. El dolor pre-, intra- y postoperatorio fue monitorizado, así como los días que precisaron de analgesia postoperatoria. Se evaluaron los costos y recursos utilizados. El grado de satisfacción del paciente fue evaluado mediante un formulario específico. Resultados: El dolor intraoperatorio fue similar en ambos grupos, hallando diferencias significativas en cuanto a la necesidad de analgesia postoperatoria a favor del grupo WALANT. El grado de satisfacción fue mayor para el grupo de anestesia local. La utilización de recursos materiales y de personal fue menor en WALANT, calculando un ahorro por paciente de 1,019 euros. Conclusiones: Cirugías como el túnel carpiano y el dedo en resorte pueden llevarse a cabo de forma segura mediante la técnica WALANT. La satisfacción del paciente es mayor que la de los pacientes intervenidos en el quirófano. El control del dolor es excelente, especialmente durante el postoperatorio. La técnica WALANT reporta un beneficio para el paciente en términos de bienestar y rapidez, además de permitir prescindir de pruebas y visita preoperatorias. Su implantación supone un ahorro significativo de recursos hospitalarios

Objectives: To evaluate benefits for the patient and the economic impact for the implementation of a wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery compared to traditional major outpatient circuit. Methods: A prospective cohort study was planned comparing 150 cases of ambulatory hand surgery (carpal tunnel and trigger finger) using WALANT technique intervention out from the operating room; with another 150 which underwent intervention, outpatient setting, with preoperative evaluation, sedation and tourniquet, in the operation room. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative pain was monitored, as well as the days that required postoperative analgesia.The resources used and costs were evaluated. Satisfaction was evaluated using a specific survey. Results: The pain during the surgery was equivalent for both groups and was significantly lower postoperatively for the WALANT group, with less need for the use of analgesics. Satisfaction was greater for the local anesthesia group. The use of personnel resources and hospital material was less for the WALANT group, with total saving calculated by 1,019 euros per patient. Conclusions: Procedures such as carpal tunnel surgery and trigger finger surgery can be safely performed using wide awake surgery. Patient satisfaction is higher to conventional procedure in the operation room. Pain control is excellent, especially during the postoperative period. WALANT technique for hand surgery represents a benefit for the patient in comfort, timeliness and no need for preoperative tests or evaluation. In addition, it represents a significant savings in hospital resources

Mordeduras de perro, un problema vigente en nuestro entorno / Dog Bites, a current problem in our environment

Objetivos. Las mordeduras de perro son motivo de consulta habitual en urgencias pediátricas. Si bien en nuestro medio raramente son letales, algunas conllevan secuelas estéticas graves. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la casuística de mordeduras de perro y su repercusión en nuestro entorno Material y métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes atendidos por mordedura de perro en un centro pediátrico terciario entre 2013-2018. Estudiamos variables demográficas, localización de mordedura, relación perro-paciente, antibioterapia, necesidad de ingreso, complicaciones y secuelas derivadas. Resultados. Se analizaron 256 casos (edad media 6,4 años), 133 niños (51,9%) y 123 niñas (48%). En 153 casos el perro agresor era del entorno del paciente (59,8%). La localización más frecuente de heridas fue cabeza y cuello (94,1%), seguida de extremidades (4,7%) y genitales (1,6%). En 227 casos (88,7%) se administró antibiótico. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección de herida en 5 pacientes (2%). Precisaron ingreso hospitalario 20 pacientes (7,8%) con estancia media de 1,6 días. Se describieron secuelas estéticas en 10 casos (3,9%), 7 precisaron cirugía correctora. Conclusiones. Las mordeduras de perro persisten como motivo frecuente de consulta, produciéndose mayoritariamente por perros del entorno del paciente. La infección de herida representa la complicación más común, y la secuela estética facial supone la indicación más fre-cuente de intervención quirúrgica. Consideramos que por la cantidad de mordeduras y sus secuelas, la inclusión de medidas preventivas ante estos accidentes en guías de prevención del hogar, podría ser de utilidad para concienciar a la población y disminuir la incidencia de estas lesiones

Aims. Dog bites are frequent reason for consultation in pediatrics emergency department. Despite in our environment dog bites are rarely lethal, some of these accidents can have serious aesthetics consequences. The main goal of this article is to analyze dog bites casuistry and their impact in our community. Material and methods. Retrospective review of patients treated for dog bite in a tertiary pediatric center between 2013-2018. We studied patient’s demographic variables, bite localization, dog-patient relation-ship, antibiotic therapy, need for admission, complications and secondary sequelae. Results. 256 cases were analyzed (average age 6.4 years), 133 boys (51.9%) and 123 girls (48%). In 153 cases, the aggressor dog was from the patient’s familiar environment (59.8%). The most frequent location of the wounds was head and neck (94.1%), followed by extremities (4.7%) and genitals (1.6%). In 227 cases (88.7%) antibiotics were administered. Wound infection was the most frequent complication, occurring in 5 patients (2%). 20 patients (7.8%) required hospital admission with a mean stay of 1.6 days. Aesthetic sequelae were described in 10 cases (3.9%), 7 of which required correcting surgery. Conclusions. Dog bites persist as a frequent reason for medical consultation, most of them are provoked by patient familiar dogs. Wound infection represents the major complication, and the facial aesthetic sequelae are the most frequent indication for surgical intervention. We consider due to the amount of dog bites and their sequelae, the inclusion of preventive measures against these accidents in home prevention guidelines could be useful to reduce the incidence of these injuries

Clinical repercussions and epidemiological considerations of supernumerary canines: A 26 case series.

BACKGROUND: To establish the prevalence of supernumerary canines (SNC) in a sector of the population of Madrid (Spain), as well possible complications associated with this unusual developmental variation. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was performed between 2005 and 2017, among 21,615 patients seeking dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital, Madrid (Spain); 22 patients with 26 SNCs were diagnosed. These 22 patients underwent clinical and radiological exploration, registering patient data. RESULTS: SNCs presented a prevalence of 0.10% of the study population. The supernumerary teeth (SNT) were located in the upper maxilla more frequently (61.54%) than the mandible (38.46%). 69.23% were found to be impacted, also causing the impaction of the permanent canine in 53.85% of these cases. In 15.38%, follicular expansion > 3mm was observed. SNCs were associated with other SNT in only four patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the fact that the SNCs are usually diagnosed casually in the course of radiological exploration, in the present study over half of them (53.85%) caused impaction of the permanent canine. Early diagnosis allows optimal patient management and treatment planning, with intervention at an appropriate time to prevent complications in development and so reduce later treatment need.

Hiloterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante en la extracción quirúrgica de terceros molares. A propósito de un caso clínico / Hilotherapy as a coadyuvant treatment in the third molar surgical extraction. A clinical case report

Introducción: La extracción de los terceros molares es una práctica habitual en la consulta odontológica. Es muy común la aparición postoperatoria de respuestas fisiológicas como el dolor, inflamación, hematomas y trismo, y cuyo tratamiento de elección sigue siendo la farmacología. La hiloterapia es un tratamiento alternativo complementario que forma parte de la medicina física terapéutica. Se trata de una unidad conectada a una máscara preformada de contorno facial que, mediante la reducción de la termperatura tisular de manera constante, persigue conseguir la disminución del flujo sanguíneo, la inflamación, el dolor y el edema. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 22 años de edad, sin antecedentes médicos de interés, que acudió al Hospital Virgen de la Paloma por presentar dolor en el tercer molar inferior izquierdo. Una vez realizada la exploración clínica y radiológica de la paciente, se propuso como plan de tratamiento la extracción de los cuatro cordales, bajo anestesia general. Inmediatamente después de la cirugía se colocó a la paciente la máscara facial de Hilotherm(R), programada a una temperatura constante de 15ºC. Se revisó a las 24h y a los 8 días tras la intervención. Conclusiones: La terapia con la máscara facial Hilotherm(R) ha demostrado ser de utilidad en la disminución del dolor y la inflamación postoperatorios derivados de la extracción quirúrgica de los terceros molares, probablemente debido a la posibilidad de un control constante de la temperatura y a la mayor colaboración del paciente. No hay evidencia científica suficiente que respalde su posible participación en la reducción de hematomas. Asimismo, este sistema sugiere un aumento significativo de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, así como una buena aceptación por parte de éstos otorgando más comodidad y satisfacción

Introduction: The extraction of third molars is common practice in the dental practice. The postoperative appearance of physiological responses such as pain, inflammation, bruising and trismus is very common, for which the treatment of choice is still pharmacology. The hilotherapy is a complementary alternative treatment that is part of the therapeutic physical medicine which consists on a unit connected to a preformed face contour mask that, by constantly reducing tissue temperature, aims to achieve decreased blood flow, inflammation, pain and edema. Clinical case: A clinical case of a 22-year-old woman is presented, with no interesting medical record, who went to the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital with pain in the left lower third molar. Once the clinical and radiological examination of the patient had been carried out, a treatment plan for the extraction of the four wisdom teeth, under general anesthesia, was proposed. Immediately after the surgery, the patient was placed the facial mask of Hilotherm(R) on, programmed at a constant temperature of 15ºC. It was reviewed twice, 24h and 8 days after the intervention. Conclusions: Hilotherm(R) facial mask therapy has been shown to be useful in the reduction of postoperative pain and inflammation derived from the surgical extraction of third molars, probably due to the possibility of constant temperature control and greater patient collaboration. There is not enough scientific evidence to support its possible participation in the reduction of bruising. Likewise, this system suggests a significant increase in the quality of life of patients, as well as a good acceptance from patients, providing them with more comfort and satisfaction

Sialolitiasis Parotídea. Dificultades en el diagnóstico. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Parotid Sialolithiasis. Diagnosing complexities. Case report and literature review

Introducción: La sialolitiasis parotídea es una patología común de las glándulas salivales y puede dar lugar a atrofia glandular. Los sialolitos parotídeos son más raros que los submandibulares y su diagnóstico y tratamiento es más complejo, debido a la superposición de estructuras y a las dificultades de acceso. Caso clínico: Mujer, de 68 años, que acude con episodios inflamatorios recurrentes en la región geniana izquierda, coincidente con las comidas, y que, tras su paso por varios especialistas, acude a nuestro Servicio, en el que tras prescribir un CBCT con reconstrucción tridimensional se halla una pequeña estructura calcificada próxima a la parótida izquierda. Discusión: Los métodos de diagnóstico son variados y su utilización depende de la indicación. Entre las distintas pruebas figuran la resonancia magnética (RM), laa Tomografía Computerizada de Haz de Cono (CBCT) y la sialografía, siendo el método más eficaz de diagnóstico la combinación de estas. Los abordajes terapéuticos son diversos y dependen de multitud de factores, siendo los más utilizados la sialoendoscopia y el abordaje quirúrgico transoral. Conclusión: La sialolitiasis parotídea supone un reto, tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico, y es una situación clínica común por lo que en su tratamiento deben tenerse en cuenta muchos factores para elegir la alternativa que suponga una remoción completa del cálculo y pocas complicaciones a largo plazo

Introduction: Parotid stones are a common finding in salivary gland disorders and can lead to destruction of salivary tissue. Parotid calculi are rarer than submandibular calculi and their diagnosis and treatment are more challenging due to superimposition of hard structures and limited access. Clinical case: A female patient, 68 years old, is referred to our Service, after seeing different specialists, due to repeated inflammatory episodes of her left cheek area, which usually appear at mealtimes. After prescribing a CBCT with 3D reconstruction, a calcified structure can be seen next to the left parotid gland. Discussion: Diagnostic means are varied, and their use depends on their indication. Among diagnostic test, MRI, CBCT and sialography can be found, and usually combining them provides a more precise diagnosis. There are many therapeutical approaches, being sialoendoscopy and transoral approach the most common ones. Conclusion: Parotid sialolithiasis poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and it is a relatively common clinical situation, thus, treatment must be tailored to obtain complete stone removal and a minimum of long-term complications

Rehabilitación de atrofia posterior del maxilar con injerto de calota craneal. A propósito de un caso / Rehabilitation of posterior maxillary atrophy with calvarial graft. Case report

Introducción: La falta de volumen óseo en el maxilar es un hallazgo habitual en los pacientes que presentan pérdidas dentarias de larga duración. En la actualidad el uso de implantes es la opción más demandada para su rehabilitación, pero para ello son necesarias unas magnitudes mínimas y en los casos que no se presenten, habrá que realizar técnicas de regeneración ósea para que el tratamiento sea viable. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 58 años de edad que acudió a Servicio de Cirugía Bucal e Implantología del Hospital Virgen de la Paloma de Madrid. Fue diagnosticado hace 7 años de enfermedad periodontal crónica del adulto; tras un periodo de abandono, regresó para la valoración de una rehabilitación completa superior. Se realizó una minuciosa exploración intraoral. Como pruebas complementarias se realizaron una radiografía panorámica y, posteriormente, un estudio tomográfico, donde se observó un insuficiente volumen óseo para el tratamiento implantológico, por lo que se planificó realizar una elevación sinusal bilateral mediante ventana con un injerto autógeno de calota combinado con plasma rico en plaquetas. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de elevación sinusal mediante ventana con injerto de calota es una opción a tener en cuenta para la rehabilitación impantológica de la arcada superior

Introduction: The lack of maxilla bone volume makes the implant treatment difficult. In order to make the implant rehabilitation possible a certain hight is required, which is not enough in this particular case. Therefore a regular sinus lift with lateral approach. Currently, the use of implants is the most demanded option for rehabilitation, but for this minimum magnitudes are necessary and in cases that do not occur, bone regeneration techniques must be performed in order for the treatment to be viable. Clinical case: Male 65 years old patient, arrived at the Oral Surgery service at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital. No medical or family record of interest. Diagnosed seven years ago with a periodontal chronic disease. After a period of not taking care of it, he returned a few months ago with severe tooth mobility and bone loss, for a full rehabilitation valuation.A meticulous oral inspection was performed. As additional tests, a panoramic radiograph was performed as well as a tomographic test. As a result it was confirmed that the maxilla bone volume was not enough to develop any implant treatment. Therefore it was decided to perform a bilateral sinus lift via a calvarial graft mixed with plateletrich plasma at in hospital environment. Conclusion: The sinus lift treatment via craneal calvarial graft combined with platelet-rich plasma is an option to keep in mind for the full implant rehabilitation of the upper dental arch

Use of autologous tooth-derived graft material in the post-extraction dental socket. Pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the present pilot study are to compare via CBCT the alveolar contraction suffered both vertically and horizontally between the control group and the group using autologous dental material (ADM), as well as to study the densitometric differences between both post-extraction sockets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A split-mouth study was performed in n = 9 patients who required two extraction of single-rooted teeth deemed suitable for deferred rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants. Two groups were formed - a control group, in which the post-extraction socket was not filled, and an ADM group, in which the alveolar defect was filled with freshly processed autogenous dental material. Both dimensional and densitometric analyses of the alveoli were performed in both groups immediately after surgery (baseline), as well as 8 weeks and 16 weeks later. RESULTS: The mean height of alveolar bone loss was: VL (Control 1.77 mm, loss of 16.87% of initial alveolar height; ADM 0.42 mm, loss of 4.2% of initial alveolar height), HL-BCB (Control 2.22 mm, ADM 0.16 mm, p= 0.067 at 16 weeks). The mean bone loss of the vestibular width (VL-BCB) was much higher in the control group (1.91 mm at 1 mm, 1.3 mm at 3 mm, and 0.89 mm at 5 mm) than in the ADM group (0.46 mm at 1 mm, 0.21 mm at 3 mm, 0.01 at 5 mm, p=0.098 at 16 weeks). At 16 weeks, densitometric analysis of the coronal alveolar area revealed a bone density of 564.35 ± 288.73 HU in the control group and 922.68 ± 250.82 HU in the ADM group (p=0.045 ). CONCLUSIONS: In light of these preliminary results, autologous dentine may be considered a promising material for use in socket preservation techniques.

Una reflexión necesaria sobre la habilidad solucionar problemas clínicos

RESUMEN: El desarrollo de las habilidades relacionadas con los problemas clínicos ocupa un lugar central en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación médica, por su especial significado en la actuación profesional del médico general. Debido a la ausencia de dicha habilidad en el currículo de la carrera de medicina, se realizó el presente estudio de reflexión con el objetivo de fundamentar la incorporación de esta al sistema de habilidades del método clínico en la educación médica cubana. Por otra parte, se definió la habilidad en cuestión y se determinaron sus invariantes funcionales, que al formar parte de un procedimiento metodológico, facilitan su integración al sistema de métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje a utilizar en las diferentes formas de organización de las asignaturas que integran la disciplina principal del plan de estudio D.[AU]

Masseter and temporalis muscle electromyography findings after lower third molar extraction.

BACKGROUND: The main clinical application of electromyography is to detect abnormalities in muscle function, to assess muscle activity for purposes of recruitment, and in the biomechanics of movement. OBJECTIVES: To analyze electromyography (EMG) findings for masticatory muscles during chewing following surgical extraction of lower third molars, and to determine any correlation between pain, inflammation, trismus, and the EMG data registered. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 31 patients. Surface EMG was used to study masseter and temporalis muscle function before lower third molar extraction and 72 hours and seven days after surgery. Clinical variables, pain, inflammation, and trismus were registered before and after surgery. RESULTS: Studying the area and size of the masticatory muscles, higher values were found for temporalis than masseter muscles, regardless of the surgical side, which points to the greater involvement of the temporalis muscle in mastication. Comparing the side where surgery had been performed with the non-surgical side, a sharp and statistically significant reduction in amplitude and area were noted on the surgical side reflecting major functional affectation. One week after surgery, amplitude and area had almost returned to base-line values, indicating almost complete recovery. While pain decreased progressively after surgery, inflammation peaked at 72 hours, while mouth opening reached a minimum at this time, returning to normality within the week. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical extraction of lower third molars produces changes to electromyography activity that are more evident during the first hours after surgery and closely related to the intensity of pain suffered and the patient's inflammatory responses, although they are not related to mouth opening capacity.