A horizon scan exercise for aquatic invasive alien species in Iberian inland waters.

As the number of introduced species keeps increasing unabatedly, identifying and prioritising current and potential Invasive Alien Species (IAS) has become essential to manage them. Horizon Scanning (HS), defined as an exploration of potential threats, is considered a fundamental component of IAS management. By combining scientific knowledge on taxa with expert opinion, we identified the most relevant aquatic IAS in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., those with the greatest geographic extent (or probability of introduction), severe ecological, economic and human health impacts, greatest difficulty and acceptability of management. We highlighted the 126 most relevant IAS already present in Iberian inland waters (i.e., Concern list) and 89 with a high probability of being introduced in the near future (i.e., Alert list), of which 24 and 10 IAS, respectively, were considered as a management priority after receiving the highest scores in the expert assessment (i.e., top-ranked IAS). In both lists, aquatic IAS belonging to the four thematic groups (plants, freshwater invertebrates, estuarine invertebrates, and vertebrates) were identified as having been introduced through various pathways from different regions of the world and classified according to their main functional feeding groups. Also, the latest update of the list of IAS of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 includes only 12 top-ranked IAS identified for the Iberian Peninsula, while the national lists incorporate the vast majority of them. This fact underlines the great importance of taxa prioritisation exercises at biogeographical scales as a step prior to risk analyses and their inclusion in national lists. This HS provides a robust assessment and a cost-effective strategy for decision-makers and stakeholders to prioritise the use of limited resources for IAS prevention and management. Although applied at a transnational level in a European biodiversity hotspot, this approach is designed for potential application at any geographical or administrative scale, including the continental one.

Individual differences in dominance-related traits drive dispersal and settlement in hatchery-reared juvenile brown trout.

Effective management of exploited populations is based on an understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary processes. In spatially structured populations, dispersal is a central process that ultimately can affect population growth and viability. It can be influenced by environmental conditions, individual phenotypes, and stochastic factors. However, we have a limited knowledge of the relative contribution of these components and its interactions, and which traits can be used as reliable predictors of the dispersal ability. Here, we conducted a longitudinal field experiment aimed to identify traits which can be used as proxy for dispersal in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). We measured body size and standard metabolic rates, and estimated body shapes for 212 hatchery-reared juvenile fish that were marked with individual codes and released in a small coastal stream in northwest Spain. We registered fish positions and distances to the releasing point after 19, 41, 60 and 158 days in the stream. We detected a high autocorrelation of dispersal distances, demonstrating that most individuals settle down relatively soon and then hold stable positions over the study period. Body size and fish shape were reliable predictors of dispersal, with bigger and more robust-set individuals being more likely to settle closer to the release site than smaller and more elongated fish. In addition, the analysis of spacing and spatial patterns indicated that the dispersal of introduced fish could affect the distribution of resident conspecifics. All together, these results suggest that stocking programs aimed to the enhancement of overexploited populations at fine spatial scales can be optimized by adjusting the size and shape of the introduced fish to specific management targets and environmental conditions.

Traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico grave (I). Epidemiología, clínica y evolución / Severe pediatric head injuries (I). Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and course

Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes pediátricos con traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCEG).Material y método: Revisión de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de medicina intensiva pediátrica (UMIP) con TCEG en el periodo comprendido entre julio de 1983 y diciembre de 2009.Resultados: De los 389 pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) ingresados en nuestra unidad durante el periodo de estudio, presentaron TCEG 174 (45%). La media de edad de este grupo fue 67±9 meses, con una puntuación media en la escala de Glasgow (GCS) de 5,5±1,8 y una puntuación PRISM media de 10,7±6,7. La etiología más frecuente de los TCEG fueron los accidentes de tráfico (56%), aunque en la última década existe una disminución significativa de su incidencia (el 58,5 frente al 45,3%; p < 0,001). Un 21% de los pacientes precisaron evacuación de la lesión objetivada en la TC, objetivándose en un 39% lesión encefálica difusa (LED) grave. Un 79% de los pacientes en los que se monitorizó la presión intracraneal (PIC) presentaron hipertensión intracraneal (HTC). Las secuelas de relevancia clínica se objetivaron en 59 pacientes(39%), siendo graves en el 64% de ellos. La mortalidad de la población estudiada fue de un 24,7%. La incidencia de HTC fue significativamente menor en la última década estudiada (el 88 frente al 54%; p < 0,05), con una mejor recuperación clínica (el 23,3 frente al 63,1%; p < 0,001).Conclusiones: a) La incidencia de los accidentes de tráfico disminuyó en la última década en la población estudiada; b) los pacientes con TCEG en los que se monitorizó la PIC presentaron una alta incidencia de HTC, y c) la morbimortalidad de los TCEG pediátricos disminuyó a lo largo del periodo de estudio (AU)

Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and evolutive characteristics of pediatric patients with severe head injury (SHI).Material and method: A review was made of the patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with SHI between July 1983 and December 2009.Results: Of the 389 patients with head injuries admitted to the PICU during the study period,174 (45%) presented SHI. The mean age in this group was of 67±9 months, with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 5.5±1.8 and a PRISM score of 10.7±6.7. The most frequent etiology of SHI was traffic accidents (56%), though these have decreased significantly in the last decade(58.5% vs 45.3%; P < .001). Twenty-one percent of the patients required evacuation of the lesions detected by computed tomography (CT), and 39% presented severe diffuse encephalic injury(DEI). Seventy-nine percent of the patients in whom intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored presented intracranial hypertension. Sequelae of clinical relevance were recorded in 59 patients(39%), and proved serious in 64% of the cases. The mortality rate in this patient series was 24.7%. Intracranial hypertension decreased significantly in the last decade (88% vs 54%; P < .05), and clinical recovery has improved (23.3% vs 63.1%; P < .001).Conclusions: a) The incidence of traffic accidents has decreased in the last decade in the studied population; b) patients with SHI in which ICP was monitored showed a high incidence of intracranial hypertension; c) morbidity-mortality among pediatric patients with SHI has decreased over the course of the study period (AU)

Traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico grave (II): factores relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad / Severe pediatric head injuries (II): factors associated to morbidity-mortality

Objetivo: Describir los factores asociados a la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes pediatricos con traumatismo craneoencefalico grave (TCEG).Material y método: Revision de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de medicina intensiva pediatrica (UMIP) con TCEG en el periodo comprendido entre julio de 1983 y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: De los 389 pacientes con TCE ingresados en nuestra unidad durante el periodo de estudio, presentaron TCEG 174 (45%). La edad media de este grupo fue de 67 + 9 meses, con una puntuacion media en la escala de Glasgow (GCS) de 5,5 + 1,8 y una puntuacion PRISM media de 10,6 + 6,7. El 39% de los pacientes presentaron lesion encefalica difusa (LED) grave en laTAC. Un 79% de los pacientes en los que se monitorizo la presion intracraneal (PIC) presentaron hipertension intracraneal (HIC). Estos pacientes tuvieron una mayor incidencia de secuelas graves que aquellos que no desarrollaron HIC (66,7 vs 23,1%; p = 0,01).Las secuelas de relevancia clinica se encontraron en 59 pacientes (34%), y fueron graves en el 64% de los mismos. La mortalidad de los pacientes con TCEG fue de un 25% y se asocio de forma significativa a una menor puntuacion del GCS, a la existencia de hiperglucemia o HIC, a la presencia de midriasis o shock y a la necesidad de ventilacion mecanica. La mortalidad de la LED grave fue significativamente mas elevada que la LED leve-moderada (87,5 vs 7,2%; p < 0,001) y que la lesion focal (87,5 vs 36,1%; p < 0,001). Los factores responsables de la mortalidad de forma independiente en los pacientes pediatricos con TCEG fueron la existencia de midriasis (OR:31,27), HIC (OR: 13,23) e hiperglucemia (OR: 3,10).Conclusiones: a) Los TCEG en edad pediatrica asocian una alta morbilidad y mortalidad; b)la existencia de HIC se asocio al desarrollo de secuelas graves; c) los factores de riesgo de mortalidad de forma independiente fueron la existencia de midriasis, HIC e hiperglucemia (AU)

Objective: To describe the factors associated to morbidity-mortality in pediatric patients with severe head injury (SHI).Material and method: A review was made of the patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with SHI between July 1983 and December 2009.Results: Of the 389 patients with head injuries, 174 (45%) presented SHI. The mean age of these subjects was 67 (9) months, with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 5.5 (1.8) and a PRISMscore of 10.6 (6.7). Thirty-nine percent of the patients showed diffuse encephalic injury (DEI)in the computed tomography (CT) study. Seventy-nine percent of the patients subjected to intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) presented intracranial hypertension. These patients had a greater incidence of serious sequelae (66.7 vs. 23.1%; p = 0.01). Sequelae of clinical relevance were recorded in 59 patients (34%), and proved serious in 64% of the cases. The mortality rate among the patients with SHI was 24.7%, and mortality was significantly associated with a lower GCS score, hyperglycemia, intracranial hypertension and the presence of mydriasis or shock. The mortality rate associated to severe DEI was significantly higher than in the case of mild-moderate DEI (87.5 vs. 7.2%; p < 0.001).The independent mortality risk factors in the pediatric patients with SHI were found to be the presence of mydriasis (OR: 31.27), intracranial hypertension (OR: 13.23) and hyperglycemia(OR: 3.10).Conclusions: a) SHI in pediatric patients was associated with high morbidity-mortality; b) intracranial hypertension was associated to the development of serious sequelae; c) independent mortality risk factors were the existence of mydriasis, intracranial hypertension and hyperglycemia (AU)

[Severe pediatric head injuries (II): factors associated to morbidity-mortality]. / Traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico grave (II): factores relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors associated to morbidity-mortality in pediatric patients with severe head injury (SHI). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A review was made of the patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with SHI between July 1983 and December 2009. RESULTS: Of the 389 patients with head injuries, 174 (45%) presented SHI. The mean age of these subjects was 67 (9) months, with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 5.5 (1.8) and a PRISM score of 10.6 (6.7). Thirty-nine percent of the patients showed diffuse encephalic injury (DEI) in the computed tomography (CT) study. Seventy-nine percent of the patients subjected to intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) presented intracranial hypertension. These patients had a greater incidence of serious sequelae (66.7 vs. 23.1%; p=0.01). Sequelae of clinical relevance were recorded in 59 patients (34%), and proved serious in 64% of the cases. The mortality rate among the patients with SHI was 24.7%, and mortality was significantly associated with a lower GCS score, hyperglycemia, intracranial hypertension and the presence of mydriasis or shock. The mortality rate associated to severe DEI was significantly higher than in the case of mild-moderate DEI (87.5 vs. 7.2%; p<0.001). The independent mortality risk factors in the pediatric patients with SHI were found to be the presence of mydriasis (OR: 31.27), intracranial hypertension (OR: 13.23) and hyperglycemia (OR: 3.10). CONCLUSIONS: a) SHI in pediatric patients was associated with high morbidity-mortality; b) intracranial hypertension was associated to the development of serious sequelae; c) independent mortality risk factors were the existence of mydriasis, intracranial hypertension and hyperglycemia.

[Severe pediatric head injuries (I). Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and course]. / Traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico grave (I). Epidemiología, clínica y evolución.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and evolutive characteristics of pediatric patients with severe head injury (SHI). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A review was made of the patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with SHI between July 1983 and December 2009. RESULTS: Of the 389 patients with head injuries admitted to the PICU during the study period, 174 (45%) presented SHI. The mean age in this group was of 67±9 months, with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 5.5±1.8 and a PRISM score of 10.7±6.7. The most frequent etiology of SHI was traffic accidents (56%), though these have decreased significantly in the last decade (58.5% vs 45.3%; P<.001). Twenty-one percent of the patients required evacuation of the lesions detected by computed tomography (CT), and 39% presented severe diffuse encephalic injury (DEI). Seventy-nine percent of the patients in whom intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored presented intracranial hypertension. Sequelae of clinical relevance were recorded in 59 patients (39%), and proved serious in 64% of the cases. The mortality rate in this patient series was 24.7%. Intracranial hypertension decreased significantly in the last decade (88% vs 54%; P<.05), and clinical recovery has improved (23.3% vs 63.1%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: a) The incidence of traffic accidents has decreased in the last decade in the studied population; b) patients with SHI in which ICP was monitored showed a high incidence of intracranial hypertension; c) morbidity-mortality among pediatric patients with SHI has decreased over the course of the study period.

Rabdomiólisis aguda y fracaso renal asociado a estatus asmático / No disponible

No disponible

[Epidemiology and clinical study of Bordetella pertussis in Gran Canaria Island, Spain, in the period 2003-2007]. / Estudio clínico-epidemiológico de la infección por Bordetella pertussis en la isla de Gran Canaria en el período 2003-2007.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological and clinical pattern of a Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough) among hospitalised infants in a paediatric hospital in Gran Canaria island (Spain). METHODS: A retrospective review of the patient hospital records was performed considering only those with a microbiological diagnosis of pertussis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the period September 2003-September 2007. RESULTS: Forty nine patients were identified, of which 47 were < 6 months of age. The annual incidence of hospitalisation was estimated between 103.9 and 204.5 cases per 100,000 infants < 12 months old. Household members were the potential source of infection in at least 65.3 % of the cases. Clinical data were obtained from 47 patients. Complications occurred in 23.4 % of the patients (11 infants), three of them died (6.4 %). Viral coinfections occurred in 33.3 % of the infants diagnosed with pertussis. CONCLUSIONS: Pertussis presents a high complication rate among infants < 6 months old. Pertussis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants < 6 months old who present with severe pneumonia. Immunization strategies in the adult population must be reviewed and updated in order to attain higher protection of the more vulnerable paediatric population.

Estudio clínico-epidemiológico de la infección por Bordetella pertussis en la isla de Gran Canaria en el período 2003-2007 / Epidemiology and clinical study of Bordetella pertussis in Gran Canaria Island, Spain, in the period 2003-2007

Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el patrón clínico-epidemiológico de la tos ferina en niños diagnosticados en un hospital pediátrico de la isla de Gran Canaria. Métodos. Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por Bordetella pertussis mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en el período septiembre 2003-septiembre 2007. Resultados. Se detectaron 49 casos de tos ferina, 47 en menores de 6 meses. La incidencia anual de hospitalización osciló entre 103,9 y 204,5 por cada 100.000 niños menores de 12 meses. En al menos el 65,3 % de los casos, la posible fuente de contagio fue un adulto cercano. Se obtuvieron datos clínicos de 47 pacientes. Once niños (23,4 %) presentaron complicaciones, y tres de ellos fallecieron (6,4 %). El 33,3 % de los niños presentaron coinfección con virus. Conclusiones. La tos ferina presenta una alta tasa de complicaciones en lactantes menores 6 meses y debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de la neumonía grave del lactante. Deberían revisarse las estrategias de vacunación en la población adulta para conseguir una mayor protección de la población pediátrica más susceptible

Objetive. To describe the epidemiological and clinical pattern of a Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough) among hospitalised infants in a paediatric hospital in Gran Canaria island (Spain). Methods. A retrospective review of the patient hospital records was performed considering only those with a microbiological diagnosis of pertussis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the period September 2003-September 2007. Results. Forty nine patients were identified, of which 47 were < 6 months of age. The annual incidence of hospitalisation was estimated between 103.9 and 204.5 cases per 100,000 infants < 12 months old. Household members were the potential source of infection in at least 65.3 % of the cases. Clinical data were obtained from 47 patients. Complications occurred in 23.4 % of the patients (11 infants), three of them died (6.4 %). Viral coinfections occurred in 33.3 % of the infants diagnosed with pertussis. Conclusions. Pertussis presents a high complication rate among infants < 6 months old. Pertussis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants < 6 months old who present with severe pneumonia. Immunization strategies in the adult population must be reviewed and updated in order to attain higher protection of the more vulnerable paediatric population

[Lethal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in pediatrics. Presentation of 3 cases]. / Síndrome de shock tóxico estreptocócico letal en pediatría. Presentación de 3 casos.

Three cases of children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Medicine Unit in the months of February to March 2004 with the diagnosis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are presented. Two were under 2 years of age and the initial symptoms suggested viriasis. They evolved towards septic shock with early multiorganic failure and then death due to massive hemoptysis, ventricular fibrillation due to hyperkaliemia. Streptococcus pyogenes with serotypes M1T1 was isolated in all the cases and the patients had the clinical criteria of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Their course was unfavorable in spite of the resuscitation steps, early antibiotic treatment and artificial support of the different organic failures. We stress the rareness of the cases, early age, its appearance in a short period of time, its sudden onset and the null response to treatment initiated.

Síndrome de shock tóxico estreptocócico letal en pediatría. Presentación de 3 casos / Lethal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in pediatrics. Presentation of 3 cases

Se presentan tres casos de niños ingresados en la Unidad de Medicina Intensiva Pediátrica en los meses de febrero a marzo del año 2004, con el diagnóstico de síndrome de shock tóxico estreptocócico. Dos de los pacientes eran menores de 2 años y los síntomas iniciales eran sugerentes de viriasis. Su evolución fue hacia el shock séptico con fracaso multiorgánico (FMO) precoz y posterior fallecimiento por hemoptisis masiva, fibrilación ventricular por hiperkaliemia y FMO. En todos los casos se aisló Streptococcus pyogenes serotipos M1T1 y los pacientes cumplieron los criterios clínicos de síndrome de shock tóxico estreptocócico. La evolución fue desfavorable a pesar de las medidas de resucitación, el tratamiento antibiótico precoz y el soporte artificial de los distintos fallos orgánicos. Destacamos lo excepcional de los casos, la edad precoz, su aparición en un período corto de tiempo, su instauración fulminante y la nula respuesta al tratamiento instaurado

Three cases of children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Medicine Unit in the months of February to March 2004 with the diagnosis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are presented. Two were under 2 years of age and the initial symptoms suggested viriasis. They evolved towards septic shock with early multiorganic failure and then death due to massive hemoptysis, ventricular fibrillation due to hyperkaliemia. Streptococcus pyogenes with serotypes M1T1 was isolated in all the cases and the patients had the clinical criteria of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Their course was unfavorable in spite of the resuscitation steps, early antibiotic treatment and artificial support of the different organic failures. We stress the rareness of the cases, early age, its appearance in a short period of time, its sudden onset and the null response to treatment initiated

[Intermittent mandatory ventilation]. / Ventilación mandatoria intermitente.

Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) is a mode of ventilation that allows the patient to make spontaneous breaths during the expiratory phase of mandatory ventilator breaths. There are two types of IMV according to whether respirator breaths are synchronized with the patient's respiratory efforts: Non-synchronized IMV and synchronized IMV (SIMV), and according to whether SIMV is volume- or pressure programmed. The main advantage of SIMV is that the respirator delivers the preset ventilator pressure and rate while allowing the patient to breath spontaneously, thus facilitating progressive weaning from mechanical ventilation. It diminishes the risk of barotrauma, produces less hemodynamic com-promise than control ventilation, reduces atrophy of respiratory muscles and the need for sedation and muscle relaxation and can be associated with pressure support ventilation.

Traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico grave. Factores predictores de mortalidad / Severe head injury in children. Predictive factors of mortality

Describir las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos con traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCEG) y los factores asociados con la mortalidad.Revisión de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de medicina intensiva pediátrica (UMIP) con TCEG en el período comprendido entre julio de 1983 y enero de 2001.De los 262 pacientes con TCE ingresados en nuestra unidad durante el período de estudio, presentaron TCEG 125 (48 por ciento). La edad media de este grupo fue de 69,1 (41,5) meses, con una puntuación media en la escala de Glasgow (GCS) de 5,4 (1,8). El 43 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron lesión encefálica difusa (LED) grave en la TAC.En 32 pacientes (26 por ciento) se objetivaron secuelas de relevancia clínica, que fueron graves en un 66 por ciento de los casos. Un 75 por ciento de los pacientes en los que se monitorizó la presión intracraneal (PIC) presentaron hipertensión endocraneal (HTC). La mortalidad de los pacientes con TCEG fue de un 29 por ciento y se asoció de forma significativa a una menor puntuación del GCS, a la existencia de hiperglucemia o HTC, a la presencia de midriasis o shock y a la necesidad de ventilación mecánica. La mortalidad de la LED grave fue significativamente más elevada que la LED leve-moderada (69 frente a 6 por ciento; p < 0,001) y que la lesión focal (69 frente a 26 por ciento; p < 0,001). Los factores responsables de la mortalidad de forma independiente en los pacientes pediátricos con TCEG fueron la existencia de midriasis (p = 0,001), shock (p = 0,03) y LED grave en la TAC (p = 0,08).La morbimortalidad de la población estudiada con TCEG coincide globalmente con la mayoría de las series publicadas; b) la menor puntuación en la escala de Glasgow y la mayor afección en la TAC inicial se asociaron a una mayor mortalidad; c) los pacientes con TCEG en los que se monitorizó la PIC presentaron una alta incidencia de HTC; d) los factores de riesgo causantes de mortalidad fueron la midriasis, el shock y la lesión encefálica difusa grave en la TAC (AU)

Índices pronósticos de mortalidad. Evaluación en una unidad de medicina intensiva pediátrica / Death rate predictions. Evaluation carried out at a paediatric intensive care unit

Objetivo: Evaluar en términos de calibración y discriminación el comportamiento del índice de riesgo de mortalidad pediátrica (PRISM) y del índice de mortalidad pediátrica (PIM), en la población ingresada en una unidad de medicina intensiva pediátrica (UMIP).Métodos: Se estudian prospectivamente a 235 pacientes ingresados consecutivamente en una UMIP durante un período de tiempo de un año. Se calculó la mortalidad esperada basada en la puntuación PRISM y PIM en todos los pacientes, comparándola con la mortalidad observada. Se realizó un análisis de calibración y discriminación mediante las pruebas de bondad de ajuste y medida del estadístico 2 de Lemeshow-Hosmer. Se determinó la sensibilidad y especificidad de cada modelo, así como el área bajo la curva ROC (AUC) y el cociente de clasificación correcta total (CCT). Se utilizaron los programas SPSS 9.0 y Medcalc. Resultados: El 56,2 por ciento de la población analizada fueron varones. La edad media fue de 48,2 (51,2) meses. La mortalidad de la población fue de 13 pacientes (5,5 por ciento). El PRISM medio fue de 6,61 (6,22). La sensibilidad de ambos índices fue del 84,6 por ciento, mientras que la especificidad del PRISM fue del 91,4 por ciento y la del PIM del 93,2 por ciento. Las predicciones de mortalidad del PRISM presentaron un valor de 2 de 3,05 y un valor de p de 0,93.Las predicciones de mortalidad del PIM presentaron un valor 2 de 5,5 y un valor de p de 0,69. El AUC y el error estándar fueron de 0,93 (0,04) (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento: 0,89-0,96) para el PRISM y de 0,92 (0,05) (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento: 0,88-0,95) para el PIM. Conclusiones: a) Los dos índices utilizados, PRISM y PIM, presentaron gran exactitud en la predicción de la mortalidad en la población estudiada; b) la capacidad de los dos modelos para discriminar entre pacientes que sobreviven y pacientes que fallecen fue igualmente muy elevada, y c) la principal ventaja objetivada fue la facilidad en la aplicación del PIM (AU)