ABSTRACT
Three groups of infants were formed according to the type of feeding: I-breast milk from mothers without any kind of elimination diet, II-cow's milk-based formula, and III-breast milk till 2 months of age and after that, cow's milk formula. CD4 and CD8 were determined by monoclonal antibodies technique, IgE by ELISA and prick test with either intact or enzymatically digested cow's milk antigens. The average age of onset of the atopic disease in the first group was 2m 10d +/- 15d, in the second: 3m 4d +/- 14d, and in the third: 2m 11d +/- 1m 18d. The number of CD4 in group II was the lowest while in group III was the highest. CD8 value in the second group was higher than in the others. Ratio between CD4 and CD8 in cow's milk-fed infants was the lowest. Total serum IgE level in group II was the lowest although the mean values of the three groups were significantly increased. Prick tests, with at least one antigen, were positive in 75%, 50% and 48% in group I, II and III respectively. It is suggested that the behaviour of the parameters studied would be related to the dose of cow's milk proteins received through breast milk in breast-fed infants; to the relatively great amount of cow's milk antigens and to the lack of breast-feeding in infants fed on cow's milk formula; and to the interaction of such factors in infants fed with both cow's milk and breast milk.
Subject(s)
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Infant Food/adverse effects , Milk/adverse effects , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Animals , Breast Feeding , Cattle , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/complications , Infant , Intradermal Tests , Milk Proteins/immunologySubject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Food Hypersensitivity , Milk/adverse effects , CattleSubject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Food Hypersensitivity , Milk/adverse effects , CattleABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of Levamisole to stimulate delayed tuberculin cutaneous hypersensitivity in malnourished and eutrophic infants who in spite of having been given BCG at birth, repeatedly failed to react to Mantoux intradermo-reaction. Leucocyte, lymphocyte and RFC counts, and blast cell transformation tests with PHA, BCG and AT were carried out at the beginning of the study, and every 4 weeks over a 4 month period. Tuberculin conversion occurred in 60% of the well-nourished and in 58% of the malnourished infants. Between the second to fourth months of treatment, 64% of the cases of PCM reached normal nutritional conditions, while 18% showed only fair recovery. The restoration of BCG-BCTT and AT-BCTT occurred before or during the cutaneous tuberculin reaction in both malnourished and well-nourished infants. Confirmation of the new chemical agent as being directly responsible for tuberculin conversion is difficult with the methods currently available. The positive reactions may be a consequence of the improvement observed in the weight-height parameters.
Subject(s)
Drug Hypersensitivity , Levamisole/pharmacology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/immunology , Tuberculin Test , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Body Height , Body Weight , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Infant , Lymphocyte Activation , Male , Stimulation, Chemical , T-Lymphocytes/immunologySubject(s)
Levamisole/pharmacology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/physiopathology , Tuberculin Test , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Tuberculin Test , Levamisole/pharmacology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/physiopathologyABSTRACT
1. Sera of 22 children with cow's milk clinical hypersensitivity were studied to demonstrate the presence of substances immunologically related with milk. They were compared with 23 controls. The infants of both groups were feed with bovine milk. The immunogenic capacity of cow's milk and their major proteins were experimentally investigated. 2. Specific rabbit antisera were obtained by injection of antigens with incomplete Freund adjuvant. Double difussion gel, passive hemagglutination and ultramicromethod for the determination of antigen antibody precipitated were performed. 3. Immunogenicity was proved by precipitation and hemagglutination methods. by precipitation cow's milk antigens were present in 5 of 22 sera of antigenic patients, in 3 of them ALA antigens were present and in only 1 of them, caseina were present. By hemagglutination, 12 of 22 allergic infants showed ALA and BLG and 11 caseine (C). In 2 of 7 controls, beta lactoglobuline (BLG) was present and in an other one C. It was possible to detect incomplete antigens related with ALA, BLG, and C in allergic infants as well as controls. A significative difference was found for BLG (P less than 0.01) and it was highest (P less than 0.003) in infants with protein calorie malnutrition. 4. It is concluded that sensitization depends not only on stimulation of incomplete or complete antigens, as were observed in this study but on the host's capacity to form citrotropic antibody in humoral hypersensitivity or to stimulate lymphocytes in cellular immunity field.
