Factores de riesgo y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes / Risk factors and alcohol co nsumption in adolescents

En la adolescencia uno de los comportamientos de riesgos a la salud más preocupantes es el consumo de drogas, y específicamente el consumo de alcohol. En la actualidad, el consumo de esta sustancia constituye un grave problema a nivel mundial. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el mes de enero del 2014, con el objetivo de identificar algunos factores de riesgo asociados con el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes del Politécnico Industrial Jesús Menéndez Larrondo, del municipio Manzanillo. El universo quedó constituido por 189 estudiantes, la muestra quedó conformada por 100, seleccionados de forma aleatoria. Para la recogida de la información se empleó un cuestionario. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó mediante números absolutos, por cientos y la prueba Chi Cuadrado (X2). Los resultados se presentan resumidos en tablas. El 93 por ciento de los encuestados ha consumido alcohol y el 36 por ciento presentó un consumo riesgoso. Predominaron los factores del nivel macrosocial: disponibilidad de la sustancia (88 por ciento) y dificultades en el empleo del tiempo libre (72 por ciento). Los factores de riesgo asociados al consumo riesgoso de alcohol fueron: información deformada o escasa, dificultades en la comunicación padre-hijo, consumo familiar de alcohol, amigos consumidores de alcohol y dificultad para resistir las presiones grupales(AU)

The use of drugs and specifically the consumption of alcohol is one of the most dangerous behaviors that have a direct impact on adolescents' health. Nowadays the consumption of this substance is a worldwide serious problem. It was carried out a descriptive and transversal study in January, 2014 with the aim to identify some of the risk factors associated to the consumption of alcohol in adolescents of the technical college Jesús Menéndez Larrondo, in the municipality of Manzanillo. The universe comprised 146 students; the sample comprised 100 students randomly selected. To collect the information it was applied a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the use of percents, absolute numbers, and the Chi square test (X2). The results were presented in charts. A 93 percent of the sample had consumed alcohol and 36 percent showed a dangerous abuse of this substance. Macro social factors were predominant such as the availability of the substance (88 percent) and difficulties to use free time (72 percent). The risk factors associated to the dangerous alcohol consumption were: scarce or distorted information, difficulties in the father-son communication, the family consumption, alcohol- consuming friends, and the difficulty to resist grupal pressures(EU)

Percepción de Riesgo ante el VIH/sida en adolescentes del municipio Bartolomé Masó / Risk Perception for HIV / AIDS in adolescents from Bartolome Maso's Municipality

Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de percepción de riesgo ante el VIH/sida en adolescentes de 8vo grado, pertenecientes a la ESBEC Columna Invasora, Consejo Popular Caney de Las Mercedes, del municipio Bartolomé Masó, en el período comprendido entre octubre de 2013 y mayo de 2014. La población de estudio quedó conformada por 115 adolescentes del 8vo grado. La muestra se seleccionó mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple y quedó constituida por 35 adolescentes. Se aplicó una encuesta elaborada por la autora, con el objetivo de determinar la percepción de riesgo ante el VIH/sida a través de las dimensiones nivel de conocimientos, severidad y vulnerabilidad percibidas(AU)

A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the level of risk perception of HIV / AIDS among adolescents from 8th grade, belonging to the School Columna Invasora, Popular Council Caney de Las Mercedes in Bartolome Maso Municipality during the period October 2013 and May 2014. The study population was made by 115 students from 8th grade. The sample was formed by 35 adolescents and it was selected by simple random sampling. It was applied a survey performed by the author, in order to determine the risk perception for HIV / AIDS through the level of knowledge, severity and perceived vulnerability. Statistical processing was performed using absolute numbers and percentages. The results were summarized and presented in tables. In the adolescents surveyed prevailed the low risk perception of HIV / AIDS, which was given by the low level of knowledge in males and medium level in females, the perceived severity behaved in a medium level for both sexes and the vulnerability perceived in this condition was absent in the adolescents of the study(EU)