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1.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 31(4): 429-436, nov. 2019. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-192253

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of potentially important individual variables (motivation, satisfaction with the course, self-regulation, expectations of self-efficacy and perception of academic performance) on the intention to remain on university courses. METHOD: An ex-post-facto design was used, applying the University Life Questionnaire to a sample of 2,741 first-year students from six Chilean universities. Data were analyzed by path analysis. RESULTS: The intention to remain is higher when intrinsic motivation is higher, self-efficacy expectations are higher, the perception of performance is higher and satisfaction with the course is higher. All the variables included in the model explained 26% of the intention to remain. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the suitability of studying this phenomenon through complex models (e.g., structural equation models, multilevel models), since it makes little sense to try to explain dropout only through direct effects (as in most previous research). Secondly, the percentage of variance explained by dropout intention means it is important to continue this kind of research (with better controls, other types of measures, etc.)


ANTECEDENTES: el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de variables individuales potencialmente importantes (motivación, satisfacción con la carrera, autorregulación, expectativas de autoeficacia y percepción del desempeño académico) sobre la intención de permanecer en los estudios universitarios. MÉTODO: se ha empleado un diseño de tipo ex post-facto, administrando el Cuestionario de Vida Universitaria a una muestra compuesta por 2.741 estudiantes de primer año de seis universidades chilenas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando un path análisis. RESULTADOS: la intención de permanencia se incrementa cuanto mayor es la motivación intrínseca, mayores las expectativas de autoeficacia, mayor la percepción de desempeño y mayor satisfacción con la carrera. Entre todas las variables consideradas en el modelo, la intención de permanencia fue explicada en un 26%. CONCLUSIONES: en primer lugar, se constata la conveniencia del estudio de este fenómeno mediante modelos complejos (por ejemplo, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales; modelos multinivel), pues no tiene sentido intentar explicar el abandono únicamente mediante efectos directos (como se hace en la mayoría de las investigaciones previas). En segundo lugar, el porcentaje de varianza explicada de la intención de abandono aconseja insistir en este tipo de estudios (con mayor control, con otro tipo de medidas, etc.)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Affect , Cognition , Student Dropouts/psychology , Academic Performance , Chile , Motivation , Personal Satisfaction , Self Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities
2.
An. psicol ; 32(2): 474-483, mayo 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151701

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes differences in metacognitive skills and executive functioning between two groups of students (10-12 years) with different levels of metacognitive knowledge (high = 50; low = 64). Groups were established based on student score on a test of knowledge on strategy use. Metacogntive skills were assessed by means of self-report. Students reported the frequency with which they applied these strategies during the phases of planning, execution and evaluation of learning. Finally, information about student executive functioning was provided by families and teachers, who completed two parallel forms of a behavior rating scale. The results indicated that: a) the group with high levels of metacognitive knowledge reported to use their metacognitive skills more frequently than their peers in the other group. These differences were statistically significant in the phases of planning and execution; b) both family and teachers informed about best levels of executive functioning in the students with high metacognitive knowledge. Statistically significant differences were found in planning, functional memory, focus and sustained attention. These results show the existence of an association between different levels of metacognitive knowledge, and differences in metacognitive skills and executive functions, and suggest the need to make emphasis in this set of variables in order to encourage students to acquire increasing levels of control over their learning process (AU)


Este trabajo analiza las diferencias en habilidades metacognitivas y de funcionamiento ejecutivo entre dos grupos de estudiantes (10-12 años) con diferentes niveles de conocimiento metacognitivo (alto = 50, bajo = 64). Los grupos fueron establecidos en función de la puntuación en una prueba de reconocimiento de estrategias. Las habilidades metacognitivas se evaluaron mediante auto-informe. Los estudiantes indicaron la frecuencia de empleo de estas habilidades en las fases de planificación, ejecución y evaluación del aprendizaje. Por último, la información sobre el funcionamiento ejecutivo fue proporcionada por familias y profesorado, los cuales cumplimentaron dos formas paralelas de un inventario de calificación de la conducta. Los resultados indicaron que: a) los estudiantes con alto conocimiento metacognitivo señalaron emplear más frecuentemente las habilidades metacognitivas que sus compañeros con bajo conocimiento metacognitivo. Estas diferencias se encontraron principalmente en las fases de planificación y ejecución; b) tanto familias como profesorado informaron acerca de unas mejores habilidades de funcionamiento ejecutivo en los estudiantes con alto conocimiento metacognitivo, siendo estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en planificación, memoria funcional, focalización de la atención y atención sostenida. Estos resultados muestran la existencia de una asociación entre diferentes niveles de conocimiento metacognitivo y las habilidades metacognitivas y de funcionamiento ejecutivo, sugiriendo la necesidad de incidir en el conjunto de variables estudiadas para promover entre los estudiantes niveles crecientes de control sobre su proceso de aprendizaje (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Metacognition/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Learning , Aptitude , Educational Measurement , Knowledge
3.
An. psicol ; 32(1): 98-105, ene. 2016. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-148189

ABSTRACT

Literature revealed the benefits of different instruments for the development of mathematical competence, problem solving, self-regulated learning, affective-motivational aspects and intervention in students with specific difficulties in mathematics. However, no one tool combined all these variables. The aim of this study is to present and describe the design and development of a hypermedia tool, Hipatia. Hypermedia environments are, by definition, adaptive learning systems, which are usually a web-based application program that provide a personalized learning environment. This paper describes the principles on which Hipatia is based as well as a review of available technologies developed in different academic subjects. Hipatia was created to boost self-regulated learning, develop specific math skills, and promote effective problem solving. It was targeted toward fifth and sixth grade students with and without learning difficulties in mathematics. After the development of the tool, we concluded that it aligned well with the logic underlying the principles of self-regulated learning. Future research is needed to test the efficacy of Hipatia with an empirical methodology


La literatura existente señala los beneficios de diferentes herramientas dirigidas al desarrollo de la competencia matemática, la solución de problemas y los aspectos afectivo-motivacionales y la intervención en estudiantes con dificultades específicas de aprendizaje en matemáticas. Sin embargo, no existe una herramienta que combine todas estas variables. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar y describir el diseño y desarrollo de una herramienta hipermedia llamada Hipatia. Los ambientes hipermedia son, por definición, sistemas adaptativos de aprendizaje que son habitualmente empleados para proporcionar ambientes personalizados de aprendizaje. Este trabajo describe los principios en los que se basa la herramienta hipermedia Hipatia, así como, una revisión de las tecnologías disponibles desarrollas en diferentes áreas académicas. Hipatia fue creada para potenciar la autorregulación del aprendizaje y desarrollar habilidades específicas matemáticas y la resolución de problemas. La herramienta está dirigida a estudiantes de quinto y sexto curso de Educación Primaria con y sin dificultades de aprendizaje en matemáticas. Tras el desarrollo de la Hipatia, se puede concluir que efectivamente subyace los principios de la aprendizaje autorregulado. En investigaciones futuras será necesario poner a prueba la eficacia de la herramienta a través de metodologías empírica


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypermedia , Learning , Mathematics/instrumentation , Audiovisual Aids , Teaching Materials
4.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 27(4): 374-380, nov. 2015. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-144358

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of executive functions, affective-motivational variables related to mathematics, mathematics achievement and task characteristics on fifth and sixth graders' calibration accuracy after completing two mathematical problems. METHOD: A sample of 188 students took part in the study. They were divided into two groups as function of their judgment accuracy after completing the two tasks (accurate= 79, inaccurate= 109). Differences between these groups were examined. The discriminative value of these variables to predict group membership was analyzed, as well as the effect of age, gender, and grade level. RESULTS: The results indicated that accurate students showed better levels of executive functioning, and more positive feelings, beliefs, and motivation related to mathematics. They also spent more time on the tasks. Mathematics achievement, perceived usefulness of mathematics, and time spent on Task 1 significantly predicted group membership, classifying 71.3% of the sample correctly. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the relationship between academic achievement and calibration accuracy, suggesting the need to consider a wide range of factors when explaining performance judgment


ANTECEDENTES: este estudio analiza la influencia del funcionamiento ejecutivo, componentes afectivo-motivacionales relacionados con las matemáticas, rendimiento académico y características de la tarea, en las habilidades de calibración de estudiantes de quinto y sexto curso tras la realización de dos problemas matemáticos. MÉTODO: participaron 188 estudiantes, divididos en dos grupos según la precisión de sus juicios de rendimiento tras la tarea (precisos = 79; imprecisos = 109). Se analizaron las diferencias entre los grupos en estas variables, y su capacidad discriminativa prediciendo la pertenencia al grupo. Los efectos de la edad, género y nivel educativo fueron analizados.RESULTADOS: los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes precisos en sus juicios presentaron mejores niveles de funcionamiento ejecutivo, así como sentimientos, creencias y motivaciones más positivas hacia las matemáticas, y mejor rendimiento académico en la asignatura. También emplearon más tiempo realizando las tareas. El rendimiento académico, la utilidad percibida de las matemáticas, y el tiempo empleado en la primera tarea predijeron significativamente la pertenencia de los estudiantes al grupo, clasificando correctamente al 71.3%. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados apoyan la relación entre rendimiento académico y calibración, sugiriendo la necesidad de considerar un amplio rango de variables cuando estos juicios quieren ser explicados


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Processes , Mathematics , Executive Function , Problem Solving , Learning , Task Performance and Analysis , Educational Measurement
5.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 26(1): 47-54, ene.-abr. 2014. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-118606

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) scale, completed by families, is widely known in the assessment of executive functions in children and adolescents. However, its application is limited to English-speaking population. METHOD: This study analyzes the preliminary results from its application in a Spanish clinical sample, comprising 125 participants aged 5-18 years. Internal structure and reliability of the translated scale were analyzed, as well as its relationship with other behavioral measures through the analysis of their correlations with the Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (EDAH). The results were compared with those from the original validation study. RESULTS: The data revealed the presence of the same internal structure, as well as acceptable internal consistency and significant correlations with the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity components of the EDAH scale. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence of the utility of the BRIEF scale in cultural contexts different from the original, particularly in Spanish clinical population


ANTECEDENTES: la escala Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF), cumplimentada por familias, es ampliamente conocida en la evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas en niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, su aplicación está limitada a población de habla inglesa. MÉTODO: en este estudio se analizan los primeros resultados procedentes de su aplicación a una muestra clínica española, formada por 125 participantes de 5 a 18 años. Se analizó la estructura interna y fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de la escala traducida al español, así como su relación con otras medidas comportamentales a través del análisis de sus correlaciones con la escala de Evaluación del Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (EDAH). Los resultados se compararon con los del estudio de validación original. RESULTADOS: los datos mostraron la presencia de una misma estructura interna de las puntuaciones, así como una aceptable consistencia interna y correlaciones estadísticamente significativas con los componentes de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad de la escala EDAH. CONCLUSIONES: este estudio aporta evidencia preliminar sobre la utilidad de la escala BRIEF en contextos culturales diferentes al originario, concretamente en población clínica española


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Executive Function/physiology , Decision Making/physiology , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/trends , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Problem Solving/physiology , Policy Making , Psychometrics/organization & administration , Psychometrics/standards , Manifest Anxiety Scale/standards , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/standards , Neuropsychology/methods
6.
Psicothema ; 26(1): 47-52, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24444729

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) scale, completed by families, is widely known in the assessment of executive functions in children and adolescents. However, its application is limited to English-speaking population. METHOD: This study analyzes the preliminary results from its application in a Spanish clinical sample, comprising 125 participants aged 5-18 years. Internal structure and reliability of the translated scale were analyzed, as well as its relationship with other behavioral measures through the analysis of their correlations with the Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (EDAH). The results were compared with those from the original validation study. RESULTS: The data revealed the presence of the same internal structure, as well as acceptable internal consistency and significant correlations with the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity components of the EDAH scale. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence of the utility of the BRIEF scale in cultural contexts different from the original, particularly in Spanish clinical population.


Subject(s)
Executive Function , Psychological Tests , Psychology, Adolescent , Psychology, Child , Adolescent , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Spain
7.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-119251

ABSTRACT

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disabilities (RD) are two of the most common problems at school age, which are often associated. Several studies have addressed this association. However, its etiology is still unknown. Although RD usually have been associated with phonological and visual problems and ADHD with executive functioning impairments, several studies also have shown executive functioning deficits in children and adolescents with RD. The aim of this study was to know executive functioning in a sample of 108 children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD with RD associated, through the administration of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-BRIEF in its parent form. We found a higher executive deficit in the comorbid group than in the ADHD isolated group, being working memory and planning the most relevant domains. Beyond the study of this association, knowing the executive functioning profile in each subgroup would also be useful for designing specific intervention programs for each population (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Executive Function , Comprehension , Dyslexia/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Comorbidity
8.
Univ. psychol ; 10(2): 441-449, mayo-ago. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-606153

ABSTRACT

La investigación del aprendizaje autorregulado ha permitido distinguir estrategias o procesos cognitivos que el estudiante selecciona y ejecuta para alcanzar sus objetivos. Al enfrentar una tarea el estudiante analiza sus características, el contexto y sus propias capacidades adoptando estrategias de planificación y gestión de sus recursos, empleando un enfoque de aprendizaje superficial o profundo. Para describir la relación entre las variables estrategias de disposición y enfoques de aprendizaje se aplicó el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje a 344 estudiantes de primer año de ocho carreras de una universidad chilena. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas (r superior a .30, p<.001) entre estrategias de disposición y utilización de enfoque de aprendizaje profundo y entre estas variables y las horas de estudio semanales.


Research on self-regulated learning has recognized cognitive processes that students select and execute to achieve their goals. When performing a task, the student analyzes the task characteristics, context and his own capacities, employing resource planning and management, adopting either deep or superficial learning approaches. To describe the relationship between “disposition to learning strategies and” and “deep and superficial learning approaches”, the “Cuestionario de Formas de Estudio” questionnaire was applied to 344 1st year students from eight study programs of a Chilean university. The results show significant correlation (r greater than 0.30, p lower than 0.001) between disposition to learning strategies and usage ofdeep learning approaches, and between the aforementioned variables and the amount of weekly study time.


Subject(s)
Learning , Aptitude , Psychology, Educational
9.
Psicothema ; 22(4): 828-34, 2010 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21044520

ABSTRACT

This paper provides information about the efficacy of a tutorial training program intended to enhance elementary fifth graders' study processes and foster their deep approaches to learning. The program "Testas's (mis)adventures" consists of a set of books in which Testas, a typical student, reveals and reflects upon his life experiences during school years. These life stories are nothing but an opportunity to present and train a wide range of learning strategies and self-regulatory processes, designed to insure students' deeper preparation for present and future learning challenges. The program has been developed along a school year, in a one hour weekly tutorial sessions. The training program had a semi-experimental design, included an experimental group (n=50) and a control one (n=50), and used pre- and posttest measures (learning strategies' declarative knowledge, learning approaches and academic achievement). Data suggest that the students enrolled in the training program, comparing with students in the control group, showed a significant improvement in their declarative knowledge of learning strategies and in their deep approach to learning, consequently lowering their use of a surface approach. In spite of this, in what concerns to academic achievement, no statistically significant differences have been found.


Subject(s)
Learning , Teaching Materials , Test Taking Skills , Child , Educational Status , Female , Focus Groups , Humans , Male , Models, Theoretical , Program Evaluation
10.
Pap. psicol ; 31(2): 211-220, mayo 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-95526

ABSTRACT

Entendiendo la escritura como un proceso recursivo, se presenta un estudio que pretende explorar, de forma general, los principales modelos de escritura. Intentando a su vez, explicitar elementos y conceptos relevantes de los mismos en relación con el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Con ello, de una forma reflexiva se pretende realizar una primera conexión entre la escrituray los problemas del TDAH debido a la escasez de literatura al respecto. A su vez, se pretenden relacionar teóricamente, los aspectos destacados de estos modelos, con los modelos actuales y más usados del TDAH. Dentro de estos modelos generales de escritura,y teniendo en cuenta que la revisión textual es uno de los procesos cognitivos esenciales, se dedica mayor atención a dos modelos concretos de escritura referidos a este proceso, con el fin de ampliar la visión teórica, y ejemplificar las dificultades del niño con TDAH en un proceso concreto (AU)


Understanding writing as a recursive tool, we pretends explore theoretical base of the principal different models of writing, and alsohow these models are related to Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We hope to establish a thoughtful connection between writing and the difficulties of ADHD, due to the scarcity of literature on this subject. Also, we establish a theoretical relationship between the theory of writing and the current theory of ADHD models. Within these models, and taking into account that is a textual review of the key cognitive processes in writing. We will emphasize two concrete models referring to the process of revising, with the aim of extending the theoretical vision and exemplify the difficulties of children with ADHD in a concret process of writing (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Writing , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Models, Theoretical , Learning Disabilities/psychology
11.
Univ. psychol ; 9(1): 109-121, ene.-abr. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574648

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se pretende identificar si existen combinaciones de múltiples metas que dan lugar a diferentes perfiles motivacionales. La muestra está integrada por 1924 estudiantes universitarios. A través del análisis de conglomerados se han identificado seis perfiles motivacionales. Los resultados indican que el perfil motivacional que engloba a los estudiantes que están motivados para aprender, pero también para conseguir mejores resultados que los demás y para evitar dar una mala imagen ante ellos, son los que informan de un mejor rendimiento académico y los que creen también tener un nivel más alto de conocimientos en las materias académicas que están cursando. Por otro lado, los estudiantes con un perfil motivacional orientado al aprendizaje son los que hacen una valoración más alta de las tareas, los que tienen un mayor grado de control sobre su proceso de aprendizaje, y los que tienen unos niveles más bajos de ansiedad.


The purpose of this work is to identify whether there are combinations of multiple goals that lead to different motivational profiles. The sample is made up of 1924 university students. By means of cluster analysis, six motivational profiles were identified. The results indicate that the motivational profile that comprises students who are motivated to learn, but also to achieve better results that the rest and to avoid making a bad impression on them are the students who report better academic achievement and also the students who believe they have a higher level of knowledge in the academic subjects they are studying. However, students with a learning oriented motivational profile value the tasks more, have more control over their learning process, and have lower levels of anxiety.


Subject(s)
Motivation , Students/psychology
12.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 22(4): 828-834, 2010.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-82542

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se aporta información sobre la eficacia de un programa tutorial para la mejora de los procesos de estudio y promoción de enfoques profundos de aprendizaje. El programa «(Des)venturas de Testas» se organiza en torno a un conjunto de libros que relatan las experiencias vividas por Testas, un alumno típico, a lo largo de su escolaridad. Estas historias constituyen la oportunidad para trabajar un amplio repertorio de estrategias de aprendizaje y procesos de autorregulación, pretendiendo capacitar a los alumnos para aprendizajes actuales y futuros más profundos. El programa se llevó a cabo durante un curso académico, una hora semanal en clases de tutoría. El diseño utilizado fue cuasi-experimental, con grupo experimental (n= 50) y grupo control (n= 49), y medidas pre y postest (conocimiento declarativo de estrategias de aprendizaje, enfoques de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico). Los datos obtenidos muestran que los alumnos que participan en el programa de capacitación, en relación a sus compañeros del grupo control, mejoran significativamente en cuanto al dominio de conocimiento declarativo respecto de las estrategias de aprendizaje y del enfoque profundo, y disminuye el uso de un enfoque de estudio superficial, aunque no se obtienen mejoras estadísticamente significativas en el rendimiento académico (AU)


This paper provides information about the efficacy of a tutorial training program intended to enhance elementary fifth graders’ study processes and foster their deep approaches to learning. The program «Testas’s (mis) adventures» consists of a set of books in which Testas, a typical student, reveals and reflects upon his life experiences during school years. These life stories are nothing but an opportunity to present and train a wide range of learning strategies and self-regulatory processes, designed to insure students’ deeper preparation for present and future learning challenges. The program has been developed along a school year, in a one hour weekly tutorial sessions. The training program had a semi-experimental design, included an experimental group (n=50) and a control one (n=50), and used pre- and posttest measures (learning strategies’ declarative knowledge, learning approaches and academic achievement). Data suggest that the students enrolled in the training program, comparing with students in the control group, showed a significant improvement in their declarative knowledge of learning strategies and in their deep approach to learning, consequently lowering their use of a surface approach. In spite of this, in what concerns to academic achievement, no statistically significant differences have been found (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Learning/physiology , Educational Status , Mentoring/standards , Mentoring/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Analysis/methods , Multivariate Analysis , 51654/methods , 51654/statistics & numerical data
13.
Interam. j. psychol ; 43(3): 449-455, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-54257

ABSTRACT

Actualmente disponemos de gran cantidad de trabajos que muestran la implicación de las metas de estudio en la motivación por estudiar y aprender. Este trabajo analiza la motivación académica y, especialmente, la variable “metas de estudio”. El principal propósito de esta investigación es conocer las características psicométricas de la adaptación de la Escala de Metas de Estudio a la población universitaria chilena. Los participantes son 542 estudiantes chilenos, de distintas facultades universitarias. Los resultados del análisis factorial y de consistencia interna son aceptables en las tres subescalas. Estos resultados fundamentan el uso de la Escala de Metas de Estudio para evaluar la motivación al estudio de alumnas y alumnos universitarios en Chile (CL).(AU)


At the present time we have great amount of works that show the implication of the goals of study in the motivation to study and to learn. In this paper the academic motivation and, specially, the variable “goals of study” is assess. The principal aim of the present research is know the Questionnaire to Measure Achievement Goal Tendency’s psicometric characteristics with 542 Chilean university students of different faculties. Results of the factor analysis and the internal consistency are acceptable in three subscales. In conclusion, these results support the use of the Questionnaire to Measure Achievement Goal Tendencies to assess the study motivation in university students in Chile (CL).(AU)

14.
Psicothema ; 21(4): 555-61, 2009 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19861098

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study is to provide additional information to highlight some aspects concerning the relationship between thinking styles and academic achievement. In order to understand the extent to which thinking styles predict academic achievement, 1466 students, between 12 and 16 years old, from first to fourth grades of Compulsory Secondary Education (Spanish ESO) took part in the research. A parsimonious model of covariances was assumed in each of the four samples corresponding to the four different grades of Secondary School as well as in the total sample. Data show that thinking styles significantly explain part of the variance of academic achievement, although only about 10%.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Development , Child Development , Educational Status , Learning , Psychology, Adolescent , Psychology, Child , Thinking/classification , Adolescent , Attitude , Child , Executive Function , Female , Humans , Judgment , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires
15.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 9(2): 189-204, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119611

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to test an intervention program to improve school coexistence in Secondary Education. The intervention program consisted of ten units for the training of students in conflict resolution. It was applied to classroom groups of first cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education, second cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education and Baccalaureate of an IES by their teachers in tutoring schedule. The implementation of these units was accompanied by the use of this material by tutors to manage everyday school conflicts in a negotiated or mediated way. It was also accompanied by regular monitoring meetings. The students’ perceived level of violence in the experimental classrooms was compared with the perceived level in the classrooms where intervention program was not applied. The results show that intervention was more effective in the first cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education and Baccalaureate than in second cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education. They also show a greater impact on violence committed by the students than on violence committed by teachers. The influence of experimental mortality on the results is discussed (AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo fue poner a prueba un programa de intervención para la mejora de la convivencia. El programa de intervención consistió en un temario de diez unidades para la formación del alumnado en resolución de conflictos. Fue aplicado en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria, en aulas de primer ciclo de ESO, segundo ciclo de ESO y Bachillerato, por sus respectivos tutores en horario de tutoría. La aplicación de este temario fue acompañada del uso de este material por parte de los tutores para el afrontamiento negociado o mediado de ciertos conflictos en el centro y de reuniones periódicas de seguimiento. Mediante el Cuestionario de Violencia Escolar (CUVE), se comparó el nivel de violencia escolar percibido por el alumnado de las aulas experimentales con el percibido por el alumnado de las aulas en las que no se introdujo el programa de intervención,antes y después de su aplicación. Los resultados muestran una mayor eficacia de la intervención en primer ciclo de ESO y en Bachillerato que en segundo ciclo de SO. También muestran un mayor impacto en la violencia por parte del alumnado que en la cometida por el profesorado. Se debate la influencia de la mortalidad experimental sobre los resultados obtenidos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Conflict, Psychological , Problem Solving , Violence/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Bullying/psychology
16.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 21(4): 555-561, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-74534

ABSTRACT

En este estudio se pretende aportar información adicional sobre algunos de los aspectos que no parecen todavía estar suficientemente claros respecto de la relación entre estilos de pensamiento y rendimiento académico. En concreto, se pretende obtener más información a propósito de la capacidad predictiva de los estilos de pensamiento sobre el rendimiento académico de 1.466 estudiantes de 1º a 4º de la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria -ESO- (12 a 16 años, aproximadamente). Se ha planteado un modelo parsimonioso de estructuras de covarianza y se ha contrastado en cuatro muestras de estudiantes correspondientes a los cuatro cursos de la ESO, así como para la muestra total. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si bien los estilos intelectuales explican significativamente parte de la varianza del rendimiento académico, ésta sólo está sobre el 10% (AU)


The aim of the present study is to provide additional information to highlight some aspects concerning the relationship between thinking styles and academic achievement. In order to understand the extent to which thinking styles predict academic achievement, 1466 students, between 12 and 16 years old, from first to fourth grades of Compulsory Secondary Education (Spanish ESO) took part in the research. A parsimoniousmo del of covariances was assumed in each of the four samples corresponding to the four different grades of Secondary School as well as in the total sample. Data show that thinking styles significantly explain part of the variance of academic achievement, although only about 10% (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Thinking/physiology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Psychiatry/methods , Psychology, Adolescent/methods , Psychology, Adolescent/trends , Teaching/trends , Students/psychology , Underachievement , Analysis of Variance , Education/methods , Education/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Psicothema ; 20(4): 724-31, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18940075

ABSTRACT

To date, research on the relation between learning self-regulation and academic achievement has generally show disparate results. This work intends to look into this relation from a new perspective, which consists in classifying the students as more or less self-regulated depending on diverse indicators and using cluster analysis. The aim of this work was to identify the possible self-regulated learning profiles in a sample of university students. By means of stepwise linear regression analysis, we determined which of the selected variables better predicted metacognitive self-regulation. Then, three significantly different self-regulated learning profiles were obtained by two-step cluster analysis with those variables. Lastly, ANOVA was used to analyse the relation between the self-regulated learning profiles and academic achievement. The implications of these data for the educational practice at university are discussed.


Subject(s)
Achievement , Social Control, Informal , Female , Humans , Learning , Male , Motivation , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(4): 563-570, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68807

ABSTRACT

La ansiedad ante los exámenes es un comportamiento muy frecuente, sobre todo entre la población escolar que afronta una presión social muy centrada en la obtención de un gran éxito académico. Pocos estudios han analizado las relaciones entre la ansiedad ante los exámenes, la procrastinación académica (academic procrastination), variables personales y familiares y las notas en matemáticas. En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de variables sociopersonales tales como el nivel de estudios de la madre y del padre, el número de hermanos y el número de cursos suspensos utilizando ANOVAS en dos muestras independientes de 533 y 796 sujetos de los 3 primeros cursos de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los datos, similares en los dos estudios, revelan que la ansiedad ante los exámenes es superior en las chicas y disminuye con el aumento del nivel de estudios de la madre y del padre, del número de cursos suspensos y de las notas en matemáticas. La ansiedad ante los exámenes y la conducta de procrastinación correlacionan positiva y significativamente. Los resultados son discutidos en función de los hallazgos de las investigaciones previas. Se analizan las implicaciones para la práctica educativa


Test anxiety is a common behavior among students facing social pressure centered on mastery. Only a few studies have analyzed the relations between test anxiety, academic procrastination, personal and family variables and math grades. This work focus on the analysis of the impact of students’ social-personal variables such as parents’ education level, number of siblings and under-achievement by performing ANOVAs in two samples of 533 and 796 students from junior high-school. Corroborating the findings in other studies, the data stress that test anxiety is higher in girls and decreases when students’ parents have higher educational levels, with the number of courses flunked, and when students’ math grades were lower. Test anxiety and procrastination correlate positive and significantly. Findings are discussed and compared with those of previous researches. The implications for teaching practice are also analyzed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Educational Measurement , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Achievement , Educational Status , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Family/psychology , Risk Factors , Life Style
19.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(4): 724-731, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-68831

ABSTRACT

To date, research on the relation between learning self-regulation and academic achievement has generally show disparate results. This work intends to look into this relation from a new perspective, which consists in classifying the students as more or less self-regulated depending on diverse indicators and using cluster analysis. The aim of this work was to identify the possible self-regulated learning profiles in a sample of university students. By means of stepwise linear regression analysis, we determined which of the selected variables better predicted metacognitive self-regulation. Then, three significantly different self-regulated learning profiles were obtained by two-step cluster analysis with those variables. Lastly, ANOVA was used to analyse the relation between the self-regulated learning profiles and academic achievement. The implications of these data for the educational practice at university are discussed


Hasta la fecha, la investigación sobre la relación entre autorregulación del aprendizaje y rendimiento académico, en general, ha arrojado resultados no siempre coincidentes. En este trabajo se pretende investigar dicha relación desde una nueva perspectiva, la cual consiste en clasificar a los estudiantes como más o menos autorreguladores en base a diferentes indicadores y con la ayuda del análisis cluster. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en identificar posibles perfiles de aprendizaje autorregulado en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Para ello, mediante análisis de regresión múltiple (método de pasos sucesivos), se trató de comprobar qué variables de las seleccionadas predecían mejor la autorregulación metacognitiva. Posteriormente, a través de análisis cluster, con esas variables se identificaron tres perfiles de aprendizaje autorregulado significativamente diferentes. Por último, mediante un ANOVA, se analizó la relación existente entre tales perfiles de aprendizaje autorregulado y el rendimiento académico. Se presentan y comentan las implicaciones de estos datos para la práctica educativa en la Universidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Programmed Instruction/trends , Achievement , Students/psychology , Learning , Multivariate Analysis , Psychometrics/instrumentation
20.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 12(1): 23-35, jan.jun.2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-43963

ABSTRACT

O Trabalho de Casa (TPC) é uma estratégia instrutiva amplamente utilizada na Escola de muitos países. O TPC é um processo complexo que é afectado por múltiplos factores de ordem cognitiva, motivacional, social e contextual. A investigação tem-se centrado no tempo despendido na realização das tarefas de TPC, no entanto os resultados de vários estudos e as críticas metodológicas sugerem a necessidade de direccionar a pesquisa para outras variáveis. O objectivo deste estudo é a análise do poder preditivo da auto-eficácia percebida na Matemática e de três dimensões menos exploradas na literatura do TPC (e.g., número de TPC prescritos, taxa de completamento, e correcção percebida do TPC) sobre o rendimento a matemática, em alunos portugueses do 5.º e 6.º ano de escolaridade (10 e 11 anos). Os resultados sugerem que o rendimento a matemática se encontra explicado, positiva e significativamente, pelas variáveis escolhidas. As conclusões sugerem a urgência de repensar o TPC como ferramenta educativa promotora do sucesso académico(AU)


Homework is a well known teaching strategy in schools all over the world. Considered as a very complex process, homework is said to be affected by numerous factors, being these cognitive, motivational, social or even contextual. Several studies have privileged time spent on homework has main variable, however homework research findings and new approach perspectives suggest the need to study other important and impacting variables. The goal of the present study is analyzing Math perceived self-efficacy and three other dimensions rarely approached in homework literature (e.g. number of Math homework assignments, completion rate and perceived correction of homework assigned) as predictors of middle school students' (aged 10-11) Math achievement. Data suggest that Math achievement is positive and significantly explained by the chosen variables. Findings stress the importance of rethinking homework as a renewed instructional tool designed to achieve success(AU)


El Trabajo para Casa (TPC) es una estrategia educativa ampliamente utilizada en las escuelas de muchos países. El TPC es un proceso complejo afectado por varios factores cognitivos, de motivación, sociales y contextuales. La investigación de ha concentrado en el tiempo gasto en la realización de las tareas de TPC, pese a los resultados de varios estudios y las críticas metodológicas sugerir la necesidad de dirigir la investigación para otras variables. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del poder de predicción de la auto-eficacia percibida en Matemáticas y de tres dimensiones menos examinadas en la literatura del TPC (número de TPC prescriptos, tasa de completamiento y corrección percibida del TPC) sobre el rendimiento en matemáticas, en alumnos portugueses del 5° y 6° grado (10 y 11 años). Los resultados sugieren que el rendimiento en matemáticas se explica, positivamente y significativamente, por las variables elegidas. Las conclusiones sugieren la urgencia en repensar el TPC como una herramienta educativa promotora del suceso académico(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mathematics , Psychology, Educational
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