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1.
Microsurgery ; 42(1): 57-65, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34661312

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Phrenic nerve transfer has been shown to achieve good nerve regeneration in brachial plexus avulsion. Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) showed inferior results to autografts, which is why its use with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is currently being studied. The aim is to study the effect of BM-MSCs associated with ANAs in a rat model of phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve in a C5-C6 avulsion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 Wistar-Lewis rats underwent a C5-C6 lesion in the right forelimb by excising a 3 mm segment from both roots, followed by a phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve associated with the interposition of a three types of nerve graft (randomly distributed): control (autograft) group (n = 12), ANAs group (n = 12), and ANAs + BM-MSCs group (n = 18) After 12 weeks, amplitude and latency of the NAP and the compound motor action potential (CMAP) were measured. Biceps muscles were studied by histological analysis and nerve grafts by electron microscopy and fluorescence analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions were found in latency of the CMAP between groups control (2.48 ± 0.47 ms) and experimental (ANAs: 4.38 ± 0.78 ms, ANAs + BM-MSCs: 4.08 ± 0.85 ms) and increases in the amplitude of the CMAP between groups control (0.04388 ± 0.02 V) and ANAs + BM-MSCs (0.02275 ± 0.02 V), as well as in the thickness of the myelin sheath between groups control (0.81 ± 0.07 µm) and experimental (ANAs: 0.72 ± 0.08 µm, ANAs + BM-MSCs: 0.72 ± 0.07 µm) and in the area of the myelin sheath between groups control (13.09 ± 2.67 µm2 ) and ANAs (10.01 ± 2.97 µm2 ) (p < .05). No statistically significant differences have been found between groups ANAs and ANAs + BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a model for the study of lesions of the upper trunk and validates the autologous graft as the gold standard.


Subject(s)
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies , Brachial Plexus , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Nerve Transfer , Animals , Brachial Plexus/surgery , Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/surgery , Musculocutaneous Nerve/surgery , Nerve Regeneration , Phrenic Nerve/surgery , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Rats, Wistar
2.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 44(1): 93-111, ene.-mar. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172907

ABSTRACT

Introducción y Objetivo. El desbridamiento tangencial y autoinjerto ha sido el tratamiento de elección de las quemaduras profundas. Actualmente, la disponibilidad de técnicas no quirúrgicas, como el desbridamiento enzimático con Nexobrid(R), introduce un cambio de concepto permitiendo mayor selectividad en la eliminación de la escara y optimizar la preservación de la dermis sana, menor cicatrización patológica, mejor resultado estético, y sobre todo menor agresión al paciente. Prontosan(R)Wound Gel es un hidrogel con propiedades antibacterianas para mantener cura húmeda, y no interfiere en la epitelización. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en desbridamiento enzimático y aplicación de cura húmeda con estos productos en quemaduras de segundo grado profundo y/o tercer grado faciales, en manos, extremidades inferiores y tronco. Material y Método. Incluimos todos los pacientes quemados de segundo grado profundo y/o tercer grado de cualquier extensión tratados con Nexobrid(R) para Unidad de Quemados entre diciembre de 2015 y febrero de 2017. Realizamos desbridamiento enzimático en las primeras 24 horas aplicándolo en un máximo del 15% de superficie corporal, seguido de cura con Prontosán(R) y oclusión con apósito hidrocoloide. Cobertura de quemaduras profundas que no curaron espontáneamente en quirófano, con injertos laminares. Las variables recogidas fueron: edad, sexo, agente causal, extensión, localización y profundidad, tiempo de hospitalización, localización, superficie corporal y profundidad de la quemadura en la zona en la que se aplicó Nexobrid®, eficacia del desbridamiento enzimático, necesidad de desbridamiento quirúrgico, necesidad de injerto, tiempo hasta epitelización y complicaciones. Resultados.Analizamos 17 pacientes con SCQ del 3 al 55%. Valoramos visualmente el desbridamiento enzimático inicial como completo en todos ellos. Solo 5 pacientes precisaron injertos laminares. En los que no precisaron desbridamiento quirúrgico, la epitelización se produjo a los 15 días como promedio. Estudio histopatológico en 3 pacientes: desbridamiento completo de la quemadura en 1 y parcial en 2, con abundante infiltrado inflamatorio linfocítico perivascular postratamiento. Los hallazgos histopatológicos se correlacionaron con la eficacia del desbridamiento valorado clínicamente en 1 de los 3 casos, y con el diagnóstico clínico de la quemadura en los 3 casos. Ningún caso precisó cirugía de secuelas tras un seguimiento medio de 7 meses. Conclusiones. Nexobrid(R) en combinación con Prontosan(R) Wound Gel en nuestra experiencia preliminar parece una alternativa viable en el tratamiento de quemaduras en cara, extremidad superior, extremidad inferior y tronco


Background and Objective. Tangential debridement and autograft have been the gold standard surgical treatment of deep burns. Nowadays, the availability of non surgical enzymatic debridement techniques, such as Nexobrid(R) has introduced a new concept in the treatment of burn patients, allowing an increase in the selectivity for the scar removal leading to the preservation of healthy dermis, reducing scarring, improving cosmetic outcome, and even more, minimizing aggression to the patient. Prontosan(R) Wound Gel is a hydrogel with antibacterial properties that can be used to keep wound bed moist, without interfering epithelialization. We present our experience with these combined products in deep dermal and/or subdermal burns affecting face, upper and lower extremities, perineal and trunk. Methods. All patients with deep dermal and/or subdermal burns treated with Nexobrid(R) in our Burn Unit between December 2015 and February 2017 were included. Enzymatic debridement was performed within the first 24 hours, applied up to 15% of body surface. After that, Prontosan(R) was applied and Varihesive(R) was used as a sealed dressing. Whenever grafting was necessary, it was performed in operating room adding split thickness grafts. Variables collected were: age, sex, agent, extension, location and depth of the burn, period of hospitalization, location, extension and depth of the burn in the area where Nexobrid ® was applied, efficacy of enzymatic debridement, needing for surgical debridement, needing of grafting, time to epithelialization and complications. Results. Seventeen patients with 3 to 55% burn body surface were included. Initial enzymatic debridement was complete in all patients. Only 5 patients needed split thickness grafting. Complete epithelialization was achieved on an average of 15 days. Histopathology studies were performed on 3 patients. Histopathology findings correlated to the clinical efficacy of the debridement in 1 out of the 3 cases, and to the clinical diagnosis of the burn in the 3 cases. After 7 months follow up, no patients required surgery for correction of sequelae. Conclusions. In our preliminary experience, combines use of Nexobrid(R) and Prontosan (R)Wound Gel seems a feasible alternative in the treatment of facial, upper and lower extremities and trunk burns


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Burns/surgery , Debridement/methods , Surgical Tape , Bromelains/therapeutic use , Enzyme Therapy/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Treatment Outcome
3.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 43(3): 275-284, jul.-sept. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168412

ABSTRACT

Introducción y Objetivo. El síndrome del ápex orbitario (SAO) es un cuadro grave pero afortunadamente poco frecuente que implica un compromiso de la órbita con afectación del nervio óptico en el ápex. El diagnóstico suele ser difícil y el tratamiento complejo, debiendo incluir medidas de soporte y protección ocular, medicamentos endovenosos como diuréticos y/o corticoides, y en algunos casos llega a necesitar descompresión quirúrgica precoz. El pronóstico depende del tipo y complejidad de la lesión pero también de la precocidad con que se inicie el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico para evitar lesiones irreversibles de las estructuras intraorbitarias derivadas del aumento de la presión en el compartimento. Este trabajo pretende evaluar los casos de síndrome del ápex orbitario postraumático diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro centro hospitalario. Material y Método. Llevamos a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de las bases de datos. Describimos el diagnóstico clínico y por imagen, el tratamiento realizado, las diversas formas de evolución de los pacientes y las secuelas. Resultados. Encontramos y evaluamos un total de 3 casos registrados entre 2007 y 2013, con edades entre 28 y 72 años; 2 hombres y 1 mujer. El origen del síndrome fue un traumatismo de alta energía sobre la región orbitaria/ malar de la cara en todos los casos. Un paciente no precisó tratamiento quirúrgico urgente y los otros 2 necesitaron tratamiento quirúrgico precoz. En 2 casos no se documentaron secuelas permanentes, sin embargo 1 desarrolló ceguera irreversible. Conclusiones. El SAO es una entidad proco frecuente relacionada con traumatismos faciales de alta energía. Su sospecha diagnóstica es indispensable para el enfoque adecuado del tratamiento y suele estar apoyada por medios radiológicos disponibles en cualquier hospital. El tratamiento debe ser precoz para evitar secuelas permanentes; debe incluir estabilización del paciente garantizando la permeabilidad de la vía aérea, corticoides a altas dosis, antibióticos profilácticos y cirugía de revisión de la órbita, que puede ser diagnóstico-terapéutica en casos de oftalmoplejia total con exoftalmos progresivo (AU)


Background and Objective. Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a serious and infrequent condition affecting the orbit with involvement of the optic nerve at the apex level. Diagnosis is often difficult and complex. Treatment includes supportive measures and eye protection, intravenous medications such as diuretics and/or corticosteroids and in some cases early surgical decompression is necessary. The prognosis will depend of the type and complexity of the lesion, but also on the precocity of medical or surgical treatment to avoid the irreversible damage of the intraorbital structures, derived from the increase of the pressure inside the compartment. This paper aims to retrospectively review the cases of post-traumatic orbital apex syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Methods. We conduct a retrospective review of our data base and describe the clinical and imaging diagnosis, the treatments performed, the different forms of evolution and the sequel of this syndrome. Results. Three cases were registered and evaluated between 2007 and 2013. The ages of the patients ranged from 28 to 72 years; 2 men and 1 woman. The origin of the syndrome was in all cases high energy trauma on the orbital/ malar region of the face. One patient did not require urgent surgical treatment, but the other 2 cases required early surgical treatment. In 2 cases no permanent sequel was documented, however 1 of them remained with irreversible blindness. Conclusions. OAS is an infrequent entity related to high energy facial trauma. Diagnostic suspicion is essential for an adequate approach to treatment and is usually supported by radiological means available at any hospital. Treatment should be done early to avoid the permanent consequences. This should include stabilization of the patient ensuring airway permeability, highdose corticosteroids, prophylactic antibiotics and orbital revision surgery, which may be diagnostic-therapeutic in cases of total ophthalmoplegia with progressive exophthalmos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Orbit/injuries , Orbit/surgery , Prognosis , Zygoma/injuries , Facial Injuries/surgery , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Fundus Oculi , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Optic Nerve Injuries/complications , Optic Nerve Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve Injuries/surgery , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
4.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 43(1): 69-75, ene.-mar. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161911

ABSTRACT

El prurito en los pacientes quemados supone una secuela frecuente que puede ser incapacitante y difícilmente controlable mediante tratamiento médico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con prurito grave resistente a tratamiento médico y los resultados tras el tratamiento con láser ablativo y liberación de corticoide local asistida por láser. Se trata de un paciente con quemaduras graves en el 70% de superficie corporal, con prurito refractario a tratamiento médico y lesiones por rascado que precisaron de sedorrelajacion e intubación orotraqueal, y en el que realizamos una sola sesión de tratamiento con láser CO2 fraccionado tras la que se aplicó cura oclusiva con triamcinolona acetonido disuelta en suero (20 mg/ml). La evaluación del resultado se realizó mediante valoración del prurito (escala Burn Itch Questionnaire) y del resultado clínico y estético de la cicatriz (escalas Vancouver Scar Scale y Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale). Logramos un buen control del prurito y de las lesiones por rascado sin complicaciones asociadas. La liberación de fármacos asistida por láser fue la base del nuestro tratamiento, en el que el láser ablativo crea canales de comunicación transepidermicos que favorecen la entrada del corticoide a la dermis y el efecto inmediato del mismo. Esta modalidad de tratamiento y este nuevo concepto clínico se presentan como una alternativa terapéutica importante en el tratamiento del prurito refractario en el paciente quemado (AU)


Itch is a frequent sequelae in burns that might be disabling and hardly managed with medical treatment. We present a case of a burn patient with medical refractory pruritus and the result after treatment, consisting of laser assisted corticosteroid delivery. He was a severe burn patient with 70% total body surface area burned, with medical refractory pruritus and secondary skin lesions resulting from scratching, needing of sedation and intubation to control. One session of fractional carbon dioxide laser was performed, covering the treated area with an occlusive dressing soaked in triamcinolone acetonide dissolved with saline (20 mg/ml). Results were evaluated by using Burn Itch Questionnaire to assess the pruritus, and both Vancouver Scar Scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale to assess the scar aesthetic result. We were able to control itch and stop scratching skin lesions, without any complication associated to the procedure. Laser assisted drug delivery was the mainstay concept of our patient treatment, where the ablative laser creates transepidermal channels that allow the corticosteroid to reach the dermis, and therefore the immediate effect of the drug. Both, this modality of treatment and new clinical concept are becoming an increasingly important tool for refractory pruritus management in burns (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Granulation Tissue/physiopathology , Burns/complications , Pruritus/therapy , Laser Therapy/methods , Wound Healing/physiology , Lasers, Gas/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical
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