Determination of cardiovascular risk in Spanish veterinarians using different scaling methods.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a significant morbimortality rate around the world. Due to the characteristics of their work, health care professionals, including veterinarians, are more prone to present this type of pathology. Objectives: To determine the level of cardiovascular risk using different scales in a group of veterinarians. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 610 Spanish veterinarians was conducted to assess cardiovascular risk scores, including 14 overweight and obesity scales, six fatty liver scales, six cardiovascular risk scales, four atherogenic indices, and three metabolic syndrome scales. Results: The prevalence of obesity among women was 7.95%, and 17.53% among men. Hypertension was present in 15.23% of women and 24.68% of men. Dyslipidemia affected 45% of women and 58.64% of men. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria was slightly over 10% while 10.90% of women and 14.93% of men showed moderate to high values on the Registre Gironí del Cor scale. Conclusions: There is a moderate to high level of cardiovascular risk among veterinarians in this group.

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis por uma taxa de morbimortalidade significativa no mundo. Devido às características do seu trabalho, os profissionais de saúde, incluindo veterinários, são mais propensos a apresentar este tipo de patologia. Objetivos: Determinar o nível de risco cardiovascular utilizando diferentes escalas num grupo veterinários. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal em 610 veterinários em que foram avaliadas diferentes escalas relacionadas com o risco cardiovascular, incluindo 14 escalas de excesso de peso e obesidade, seis de fígado gordo, seis de risco cardiovascular, quatro índices aterogênicos e três de síndrome metabólica. Resultados: A prevalência da obesidade foi de 7,95% nas mulheres e 17,53% nos homens. A hipertensão estava presente em 15,23% das mulheres e 24,68% dos homens. A dislipidemia afetou 45% das mulheres e 58,64% dos homens. A prevalência da síndrome metabólica com critérios da International Diabetes Federation foi ligeiramente superior a 10% enquanto valores moderados ou elevados da escala Registre Gironí del Cor foram encontrados em 10,90% das mulheres e 14,93% dos homens. Conclusões: Neste grupo de veterinários, o nível de risco cardiovascular pode ser considerado de moderado a elevado.

Determination of cardiovascular risk in 192,711 underweight and normal weight workers.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and the level of cardiovascular risk (CVR), determined with different scales (REGICOR, SCORE, ERICE, vascular age...) in people with low and normal weight. METHODS: A total of 192,711 underweight and normal weight Spanish workers participated. CVR parameters included were weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glycemia (high >125 mg/dL or under hypoglycemic treatment) and lipids (cutoff points: total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, LDL 130 mg/dL, triglycerides 150 mg/dL) were obtained by automated enzymatic methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, considering underweight 18.5 and normal weight 18.5-24.9. A descriptive analysis of the categorical variables was carried out. RESULTS: The values of analytical, anthropometric and clinical parameters were more unfavorable in the normal weight group. Also, the prevalence of alterated values of CVR seen with different scales show higher risk in this group and in all cases the values in men are worse. It was seen that the variable with the greatest influence on the appearance of altered values of the cardiovascular risk scales (CVRS), influencing all of them was the age. DISCUSSION: All the CVRS analyzed showed higher values in the group of people with normal weight compared to those with underweight. Age, followed by sex, were the variables that most influence the appearance of high CVR values.

Influence of Educational Level and Healthy Habits on the Prevalence of Diabesity in a Spanish Working Population.

BACKGROUND: Diabesity is a growing problem internationally. Taking into account the importance of physical activity and diet in its prevention and treatment, the objective of this study was to delve into the impact of healthy habits on diabesity. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 386,924 Spanish adult workers. Obesity was determined according to eleven different formulas. Life habits were also valued; sociodemographic variables; and educational level; as well as analytical and clinical variables such as blood pressure and blood glucose levels. The association between the different variables was performed using the chi-square and the Student's t-tests when the samples were independent. A multivariate analysis was performed using the multinomial logistic regression test by calculating the odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was also performed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabesity ranged between 0.3% (95% CI 0.3-0.4) when obesity was assessed according to the abdominal volume index and 8.3% (95% CI 8.2-8.4) when evaluated according to the CUN-BAE (Clínica Universitaria de Navarra Body Adiposity Estimator) formula. The prevalence of diabesity was also higher in workers with a non-heart-healthy diet and in those who did not exercise regularly. CONCLUSIONS: The most disadvantaged socioeconomic classes are those with the highest prevalence of diabesity. It is important to prioritise prevention in populations and communities with the most unfavourable social and environmental conditions to reduce the burden of diabesity.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. RESULTS: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance.

Differences in cardiovascular risk levels between cleaning staff and hotel housekeepers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a greater incidence in the most disadvantaged social classes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the level of cardiovascular risk in cleaning workers. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in 46.632 cleaning workers (40.169 women and 6.463 men). Thirty-one different scales related to cardiovascular risk were studied (14 assessing overweight and obesity, 5 determining the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 5 scales of cardiovascular risk, 4 atherogenic indices, and 3 scales of metabolic syndrome, among others). The results obtained were divided between personnel who perform their cleaning tasks in the hotel and catering industry and those in other sectors. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity and arterial hypertension in cleaning workers was over 20% in both sexes. A similar amount was observed in moderate or high values on the REGICOR (Registre GIroní del COR) scale. More than 15% presented metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP ATPIII (National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Program III) criteria, while over 10% of women and 20% of men had a high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease assessed with the fatty liver index. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk is higher, in both sexes, in the group of cleaning workers who work in companies other than hotels.

Intereses y motivaciones por la superación profesional del farmacéutico comunitario en Ciudad de La Habana / Interests and motivations for the professional upgrading of the community pharmacist in Havana City

En el presente estudio se utilizó un instrumento validado siguiendo los criterios de Moriyama. El instrumento fue aplicado a 72 profesionales de los servicios farmacéuticos comunitarios en los 15 municipios de Ciudad de La Habana. Se observó que los profesionales han recibido una insuficiente formación de posgrado y que existe de manera general poco interés hacia la superación. Aunque la motivación por la continuidad de estudios es inferior al 50 por ciento, la mayor parte de los encuestados está interesada por superarse en temas de farmacología clínica, farmacoterapéutica, toxicología clínica, buenas prácticas y control de drogas. Se determinó que existe dificultad en el cumplimiento de la planificación de la superación y que los profesionales generalmente acceden a los cursos de superación por gestión propia.

An instrument validated according to Moriyama's criterion was used. The instrument was applied to 72 professionals of the community pharmaceutical services in the 15 municipalities of Havana City. It was observed that the professionals had received an insufficient postgraduate training and that there was little interest in upgrading. Although the motivation to continue studying was lower than 50 percent, most of the surveyed showed their interest in upgrading in topics such as clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, clinical toxicology, good practices, and drug control. It was determined that there was difficulty in the fulfilment of the upgrading planning and that the professionals generally access to the courses on their own.

Intereses y motivaciones por la superación profesional del farmacéutico comunitario en Ciudad de La Habana / Interests and motivations for the professional upgrading of the community pharmacist in Havana City

En el presente estudio se utilizó un instrumento validado siguiendo los criterios de Moriyama. El instrumento fue aplicado a 72 profesionales de los servicios farmacéuticos comunitarios en los 15 municipios de Ciudad de La Habana. Se observó que los profesionales han recibido una insuficiente formación de posgrado y que existe de manera general poco interés hacia la superación. Aunque la motivación por la continuidad de estudios es inferior al 50 por ciento, la mayor parte de los encuestados está interesada por superarse en temas de farmacología clínica, farmacoterapéutica, toxicología clínica, buenas prácticas y control de drogas. Se determinó que existe dificultad en el cumplimiento de la planificación de la superación y que los profesionales generalmente acceden a los cursos de superación por gestión propia(AU)

An instrument validated according to Moriyama's criterion was used. The instrument was applied to 72 professionals of the community pharmaceutical services in the 15 municipalities of Havana City. It was observed that the professionals had received an insufficient postgraduate training and that there was little interest in upgrading. Although the motivation to continue studying was lower than 50 percent, most of the surveyed showed their interest in upgrading in topics such as clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, clinical toxicology, good practices, and drug control. It was determined that there was difficulty in the fulfilment of the upgrading planning and that the professionals generally access to the courses on their own(AU)

Estabilidad de los supositorios de quitina / Stability of chitin suppositories

Los supositorios de quitina constituyen una nueva opción en la terapéutica anorrectal, cuya estabilidad debe ser evaluada. Se analizó el comportamiento de 3 lotes de supositorios elaborados a escala piloto, almacenados en tiras de aluminio termosellable, a 3 temperaturas diferentes, por un período de 2 a. Se realizaron comprobaciones periódicas de las propiedades organolépticas, de los parámetros peso y tiempo de liquefacción, así como del contenido de quitina, con la combinación de una técnica gravimétrica y la espectroscopia infrarroja (IR). Se investigó la estabilidad desde el punto de vista microbiológico mediante conteo diferencial. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios para cada parámetro evaluado, ya que se encontraron dentro de los límites, aun transcurridos 2 a de elaborado el producto, para cada una de las temperaturas de almacenamiento ensayadas

Estabilidad de los supositorios de quitina / Stability of chitin suppositories

Los supositorios de quitina constituyen una nueva opción en la terapéutica anorrectal, cuya estabilidad debe ser evaluada. Se analizó el comportamiento de 3 lotes de supositorios elaborados a escala piloto, almacenados en tiras de aluminio termosellable, a 3 temperaturas diferentes, por un período de 2 a. Se realizaron comprobaciones periódicas de las propiedades organolépticas, de los parámetros peso y tiempo de liquefacción, así como del contenido de quitina, con la combinación de una técnica gravimétrica y la espectroscopia infrarroja (IR). Se investigó la estabilidad desde el punto de vista microbiológico mediante conteo diferencial. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios para cada parámetro evaluado, ya que se encontraron dentro de los límites, aun transcurridos 2 a de elaborado el producto, para cada una de las temperaturas de almacenamiento ensayadas (AU)

Metodología para estudios de estabilidad química en formulaciones de quitina / Methodology for chemical stability studies in chitin formulations

Se propuso combinar la gravimetría directa como método cuantitativo con la espectroscopia infrarroja como técnica cualitativa complementaria, con el objetivo de establecer la metodología para el seguimiento de la estabilidad química de la quitina como fármaco en diferentes formas farmacéuticas> suspensión, crema, supositorio. La determinación del contenido de quitina por técnicas gravimétricas se validó en cada caso según los parámetros> linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad. El análisis cuantitativo mostró resultados satisfactorios con respecto al contenido de fármaco en el tiempo en todas las formulaciones evaluadas. Estos resultados fueron corroborados por los espectros infrarrojos, manifestándose que la quitina es el único producto retenido en los filtros y que desde el punto de vista químico no ha sufrido alteraciones transcurridos 2 a de estudio

Metodología para estudios de estabilidad química en formulaciones de quitina / Methodology for chemical stability studies in chitin formulations

Se propuso combinar la gravimetría directa como método cuantitativo con la espectroscopia infrarroja como técnica cualitativa complementaria, con el objetivo de establecer la metodología para el seguimiento de la estabilidad química de la quitina como fármaco en diferentes formas farmacéuticas: suspensión, crema, supositorio. La determinación del contenido de quitina por técnicas gravimétricas se validó en cada caso según los parámetros: linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad. El análisis cuantitativo mostró resultados satisfactorios con respecto al contenido de fármaco en el tiempo en todas las formulaciones evaluadas. Estos resultados fueron corroborados por los espectros infrarrojos, manifestándose que la quitina es el único producto retenido en los filtros y que desde el punto de vista químico no ha sufrido alteraciones transcurridos 2 a de estudio (AU)

Determinación espectrofotométrica de un producto activo zeolítico en materia prima y tabletas vaginales / Spectrophotometric determination of an active zeolitic product in raw material and vaginal tablets

El empleo de productos activos zeolíticos como fármacos de acción específica requiere el desarrollo de técnicas analíticas para el control de la calidad de las formas terminadas. Se desarrolló y validó un método espectrofotométrico de análisis para una zeolita activada con cinc (PAZ-ZZ) a partir de la reacción con zincón. Se evaluó la linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad del método propuesto. La técnica se aplicó posteriormente al análisis de materia prima PAZ-ZZ y tabletas vaginales que contienen este principio activo; los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos para espectroscopia de absorción atómica

Determinación espectrofotométrica de un producto activo zeolítico en materia prima y tabletas vaginales / Spectrophotometric determination of an active zeolitic product in raw material and vaginal tablets

El empleo de productos activos zeolíticos como fármacos de acción específica requiere el desarrollo de técnicas analíticas para el control de la calidad de las formas terminadas. Se desarrolló y validó un método espectrofotométrico de análisis para una zeolita activada con cinc (PAZ-ZZ) a partir de la reacción con zincón. Se evaluó la linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad del método propuesto. La técnica se aplicó posteriormente al análisis de materia prima PAZ-ZZ y tabletas vaginales que contienen este principio activo; los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos para espectroscopia de absorción atómica (AU)