[Relationship between body composition and the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases in active older women from Chillán (Chile).] / Relación entre la composición corporal y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres mayores activas de Chillán (Chile).

OBJECTIVE: In Chile, the elderly represent 18% of the population. In women, the aging process impacts body composition, in addition to the coexistence of other pathologies such as chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of the study was to relate body composition to the presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in active older women in the city of Chillán. METHODS: The sample consisted of 284 women belonging to senior centers in Chillán. Body composition was determined by bioimpedanciometry. Sociodemographic information, prevalent pathologies, geriatric syndromes and physical activity were determined by means of a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics in STATA 15.0 software with an α<0.05. RESULTS: Of the sample, 63% were under seventy-five years of age, 77.5% had less than twelve years of schooling, the predominant socioeconomic level was low, and the poor perception of health was mainly referred to as well as the use of regular medication. Arterial hypertension (AHT) and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent with 70.4% and 48.2% respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was 29.7±4.8 and 71.8% had excess malnutrition. The group older than seventy-five years presented more body fat (BMF) and extracellular water (ECW). AHT was related to higher BMI, TGM, MBC (Mean Arm Circumference), PC (Calf Circumference) and ECW (p<0.05), while Diabetes mellitus was related to BMI and MBC. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is the most frequent pathology and is related to higher BMI, MGT, CMB, CP and ECW, followed by DM2 which is related to BMI and CMB.

OBJETIVO: En Chile, las personas mayores representan el 18% de la población. En mujeres, el proceso de envejecimiento impacta sobre la composición corporal, además de coexistir con otras patologías como enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal con la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres mayores activas de la ciudad de Chillán. METODOS: La muestra quedó compuesta por 284 mujeres pertenecientes a centros de adultos mayores de Chillán. La composición corporal se determinó por bioempidenciometría. La información sociodemográfica, las patologías prevalentes, los síndromes geriátricos y la actividad física se recabó mediante cuestionario validado. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial en el software STATA 15.0 con un α<0,05. RESULTADOS: De la muestra, el 63% tenía menos de setenta y cinco años, 77,5% presentó una escolaridad por debajo de los doce años, el nivel socioeconómico predominante fue bajo, y la mala percepción de salud fue referida mayoritariamente al igual que el uso regular de medicamentos. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la hipercolesterolemia fueron prevalentes con un 70,4% y un 48,2%, respectivamente. El Índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue de 29,7±4,8 y el 71,8% tenía malnutrición por exceso. El grupo mayor a setenta y cinco años presentó más grasa corporal (MGT) y agua extracelular (AEC). La HTA se relacionó con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB (Circunferencia Media del Brazo), CP (Circunferencia de Pantorrilla) y AEC (p<0,05), mientras que la Diabetes mellitus con el IMC y la CMB. CONCLUSIONES: La hipertensión es la patología más frecuente y se relaciona con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB, CP y AEC, siguiéndole la DMII, que se relaciona con el IMC y la CMB.

Relación entre la composición corporal y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres mayores activas de Chillán (Chile) / Relationship between body composition and the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases in active older women from Chillán (Chile)

FUNDAMENTOS: En Chile, las personas mayores representan el 18% de la población. En mujeres, el proceso de envejecimientoimpacta sobre la composición corporal, además de coexistir con otras patologías como enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles(ECNT). El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal con la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles enmujeres mayores activas de la ciudad de Chillán. MÉTODOS: La muestra quedó compuesta por 284 mujeres pertenecientes a centros de adultos mayores de Chillán. La composi-ción corporal se determinó por bioempidenciometría. La información sociodemográfica, las patologías prevalentes, los síndromesgeriátricos y la actividad física se recabó mediante cuestionario validado. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva einferencial en el softwareSTATA 15.0 con un α<0,05. RESULTADOS: De la muestra, el 63% tenía menos de setenta y cinco años, 77,5% presentó una escolaridad por debajo de los doceaños, el nivel socioeconómico predominante fue bajo, y la mala percepción de salud fue referida mayoritariamente al igual que eluso regular de medicamentos. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la hipercolesterolemia fueron prevalentes con un 70,4% y un 48,2%,respectivamente. El Índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue de 29,7±4,8 y el 71,8% tenía malnutrición por exceso. El grupo mayor a setentay cinco años presentó más grasa corporal (MGT) y agua extracelular (AEC). La HTA se relacionó con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB (Circun-ferencia Media del Brazo), CP (Circunferencia de Pantorrilla) y AEC (p<0,05), mientras que la Diabetes mellitus con el IMC y la CMB. CONCLUSIONES: La hipertensión es la patología más frecuente y se relaciona con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB, CP y AEC, siguiéndole laDMII, que se relaciona con el IMC y la CMB.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, the elderly represent 18% of the population. In women, the aging process impacts body composition, inaddition to the coexistence of other pathologies such as chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of the study was torelate body composition to the presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in active older women in the city of Chillán. METHODS: The sample consisted of 284 women belonging to senior centers in Chillán. Body composition was determined by bioim-pedanciometry. Sociodemographic information, prevalent pathologies, geriatric syndromes and physical activity were determined bymeans of a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics inSTATA 15.0 software with an α<0.05. RESULTS: Of the sample, 63% were under seventy-five years of age, 77.5% had less than twelve years of schooling, the predomi-nant socioeconomic level was low, and the poor perception of health was mainly referred to as well as the use of regular medication.Arterial hypertension (AHT) and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent with 70.4% and 48.2% respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was29.7±4.8 and 71.8% had excess malnutrition. The group older than seventy-five years presented more body fat (BMF) and extracellularwater (ECW). AHT was related to higher BMI, TGM, MBC (Mean Arm Circumference), PC (Calf Circumference) and ECW (p<0.05), whileDiabetes mellitus was related to BMI and MBC. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is the most frequent pathology and is related to higher BMI, MGT, CMB, CP and ECW, followed by DM2which is related to BMI and CMB.(AU)

Association between high pre-pregnancy body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and poor breastfeeding with overweight in 3-4-year-old Chilean children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between prepregnancy body mass, gestational weight gain, and inadequate breastfeeding (BF) with overweight in Chilean children ages 3 to 4 y. METHODS: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study with 560 participants. Age, residence, BF, and weight gain information were collected from child care records. The children's nutritional status (NS) was determined according to the weight-for-height z-score for sex. Bivariate relationships were evaluated by the χ2 test, and a multivariate logistic regression model was applied with the Stata version 15 software at α < 0.05. RESULTS: Prepregnancy NS values were 37% normal and 63% overweight. Excess weight gain occurred in 75% of the mothers. The children's NS was related to the duration of BF (P = 0.002), prepregnancy NS (P = 0.002), and weight gain (P = 0.004). When adjusting the logistic regression model for sex and maternal age, the overweight prepregnancy NS increased up to twice the risk for OW in children (odds ratio [OR], 2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.1), as well as excess weight gain (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9), and non-exclusive BF (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4). CONCLUSION: Children showing risk factors such as non-exclusive BF, prepregnancy NS with overweight, and excess gestational weight gain faced between 2 and 2.4 times more risk for overweight than children without these factors.

Análisis de factores de gestión de calidad relacionados con el control metabólico de los usuarios con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Analysis of quality management factors associated with the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Estado nutricional de mujeres con diabetes gestacional y características del recién nacido

El propósito fue determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional de la madre y las características de gestación del recién nacido de un grupo de embarazadas con diabetes gestacional. Se estudiaron 149 mujeres con diabetes gestacional de la Unidad de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico del Consultorio de Especialidades y Maternidad del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martin de Chillán, Chile, cuyos hijos nacieron en el año 2010. Los datos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica perinatal y la ficha del recién nacido. Las variables registradas en la madre fueron estado nutricional, vía de parto, número de gestaciones, control metabólico de la diabetes gestacional. Del niño se obtuvo el peso, circunferencia craneana y diagnóstico gestacional. Los datos fueron estudiados mediante análisis descriptivo univariado, bivariado y multivariado, ANOVA de un factor, Chi cuadrado y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Se encontró que las mujeres con estado nutricional normal, eran multigestas, tuvieron parto vaginal, su hijo recién nacido fue adecuado para la edad gestacional, normocefálico;por otro lado, la condición de obesidad materna se relacionó con partos por cesárea, recién nacidos grandes para edad gestacional y macrocefalia; las mujeres con sobrepeso en general fueron primigestas y el recién nacido pequeño para edad gestacional con microcefalia p<0,01. Se concluyó que la obesidad en las mujeres con diabetes gestacional explica variables como la vía de parto, el número de gestaciones y el diagnóstico del recién nacido.

Nutritional status of women with gestational diabetes and characteristics of newborn. The objective was to determine the relationship between the mother’s nutritional status and the newborn’s gestational characteristics. A sample of 149 women with gestational diabetes was controlled in the High Risk Obstetric Unit of the Medical Specialties Public Health Center before delivery in the maternity ward of the Hospital Clínico Herminda Martín de Chillán, Chile in 2010. Data were obtained from the perinatal clinical history and the newborn’s chart. The variables recorded for the mother were nutritional status, type of delivery, number of pregnancies,and metabolic control. Data for the newborn were weight, length, head circumference, and gestational diagnosis.These data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Multiple Correspondence. Women with a normal nutritional status were multiparous with natural childbirth; the newborn had an adequate gestational age and normal head circumference. On the other hand, maternal obesity was related to a Cesarean; the newborn was large for gestational age and had a larger head circumference. Overweight women were primiparous and the newborn was small for gestational age with a smaller head circumference (p<0,01). It was concluded that obesity in women with gestational diabetes explains variables such as type of delivery, number of gestations, and the newborn’s diagnosis.

[Nutritional status of women with gestational diabetes and characteristics of newborn]. / Estado nutricional de mujeres con diabetes gestacional y caracteristicas del recién nacido.

The objective was to determine the relationship between the mother's nutritional status and the newborn's gestational characteristics. A sample of 149 women with gestational diabetes was controlled in the High Risk Obstetric Unit of the Medical Specialties Public Health Center before delivery in the maternity ward of the Hospital Clinico Herminda Martín de Chillán, Chile in 2010. Data were obtained from the perinatal clinical history and the newborn's chart. The variables recorded for the mother were nutritional status, type of delivery, number of pregnancies, and metabolic control. Data for the newborn were weight, length, head circumference, and gestational diagnosis. These data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Multiple Correspondence. Women with a normal nutritional status were multiparous with natural childbirth; the newborn had an adequate gestational age and normal head circumference. On the other hand, maternal obesity was related to a Cesarean; the newborn was large for gestational age and had a larger head circumference. Overweight women were primiparous and the newborn was small for gestational age with a smaller head circumference (p < 0.01). It was concluded that obesity in women with gestational diabetes explains variables such as type of delivery, number of gestations, and the newborn's diagnosis.