Riesgo de presentación de eventos cardiovasculares según la agrupación de los factores de riesgo modificables en la población mayor de 15 de años de un centro de salud de Barcelona / Risk of Suffering from Cardiovascular Diseases because of the Clustering of the Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Population Older than 15 years of a Health Care Center in Barcelona

Fundamento: En la últimas décadas la mortalidad por enfermedadescardiovasculares ha mostrado una tendencia decreciente en lospaíses desarrollados, confirmada asimismo en España. No obstantesiguen siendo la principal causa de mortalidad El objetivo de este trabajoes estudiar la asociación entre las enfermedades cardiovascularesy diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables en relacióna su agrupación (clustering).Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en un centrode salud urbano, que incluyó a 2.248 personas de 15 o más años,seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple del archivo de historiasclínicas. Se calculó en forma de odds ratio (OR) el riesgo de teneralguna enfermedad cardiovascular (cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedadcerebrovascular o arteriopatia periférica de extremidades inferiores)en relación al clustering de los factores de riesgo tabaquismo,hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia y diabetesmellitus, ajustado por edad, sexo y factores de riesgo.Resultados: Las personas estudiadas tenían 224 enfermedadescardiovasculares. En el tabaquismo la OR como factor de riesgo aisladofue de 1,5 (IC95%: 1,0-2,2) y de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,5) con el clusteringcon los otros 4 factores de riesgo; con la hipertensión arterial de2,1 (IC95%: 1,5-2,9) y de 1,7 (IC95%: 1,1-2,6), respectivamente; conla hipercolesterolemia de 1,7 (IC95%: 1,2-2,4) y de 1,6 (IC95%: 1,1-2,4), respectivamente; con la diabetes de 2,5 (IC95%: 1,7-3,5) y 2,0(IC95%: 1,3-3,0), respectivamente y con la hipertrigliceridemia de 1,8(IC95%: 1,2-2,8) y 1,3 (IC95%: 0,8-2,1), respectivamente. Las OR secomportaron de manera similar al estratificar por cada enfermedadcardiovascular, aunque las OR más elevadas (entre 2,4 y 3,1) correspondieronal clustering de diabetes mellitus y tabaquismo.Conclusiones: El riesgo de tener enfermedades cardiovascularessigue siendo elevado con el clustering de factores de riesgo cardiovascular,aunque se observan diferencias entre ellos

Background: Over recent decades, the death rate due to cardiovasculardiseases has shown a downward trend in developedcountries, as has also been the case in Spain. However, are still theleading cause of death. This study is aimed at studying the relationshipbetween cardiovascular diseases and different modifiablecardiovascular risk factors related to their clustering.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at anurban healthcare center, which included 2248 individuals ages 15and above selected by simple random sampling of the medical recordfiles. The risk of having some cardiovascular disease (ischemic cardiopathy,cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arteriopathy of lowerlimbs) was calculated in the form of an odds ration (OR) in relationto the clustering of the risk factors of smoking, high blood pressure,hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus,adjusted by age, sex and risk factors.Results: The individuals studied had 224 cardiovascular diseases.For smoking, the OR as an isolated risk factor was 1.5 (95% CI:1.0-2.2) and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.9-2.5) with the clustering with the otherfour risk factors; with high blood pressure, respectively of 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.6); with hypercholesterolemia,respectively of 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2-2.4) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4); andwith hypertriglyceridemia, respectively of 1.8(95% CI: 1.2-2.8) and1.3 (95% CI: 0.8-2.1). The OR's showed a similar behavior on layeringby each cardiovascular disease, although the highest OR's (2.4 -3.1 range) corresponded to the clustering of diabetes mellitus andsmoking.Conclusions: The risk of having cardiovascular diseasesremains high with the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors,although differences among them are found to exist

[Cardiovascular disease epidemiology and risk factors in primary care]. / Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo en atención primaria.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in primary care. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out at an urban health center in Barcelona, Spain. In total, 2248 patients > or =15 years old were selected randomly from medical records. The study investigated cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease, and cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 49.1 (18.9) years and 53.5% were male. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalences were: smoking, 35.2%; high blood pressure, 33.7%; hypercholesterolemia, 21.9%; hypertriglyceridemia,12.7%; and diabetes mellitus, 15.8%. Overall, 57.9% of patients had at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Significantly more males presented with each risk factor (P<.05), apart from high blood pressure. The prevalence of all risk factors, except smoking, increased with age until 74 years and then stabilized, except high blood pressure, which continued to increase. Around 10% had cardiovascular disease, with myocardial ischemia in 5.5%, cerebrovascular disease in 3.7%, and peripheral arterial disease in 2.4%. All except cerebrovascular disease were significantly more common in males (P<.05). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was low in individuals <55 years old, particularly women, and increased with age for all forms of disease. Some 68.3% were > or =65 years old. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was confirmed. Cardiovascular disease was more common in males and the elderly.

Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo en atención primaria / Cardiovascular disease epidemiology and risk factors in primary care

Introdución y objetivos. Estudiar la prevalencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus factores de riesgo en atención primaria. Pacientes y método. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en un centro de salud urbano de Barcelona (España).Se incluyó a 2.248 pacientes ≥ 15 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple del archivo de historias clínicas. Se estudiaron las siguientes enfermedades cardiovasculares: cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular y arteriopatía periférica de extremidades inferiores, y los siguientes factores de riesgo cardiovascular: edad, sexo, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia y diabetes mellitus. Resultados. La edad media fue de 49,1 ± 18,9 años y un 53,5% era mujer. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue: tabaquismo, 35,2%; hipertensión arterial, 33,7%; hipercolesterolemia, 21,9%; hipertrigliceridemia,12,7%, y diabetes melitus, 15,8%. El 57,9%presentó al menos 1 factor de riesgo. Los varones presentaron una proporción superior (p < 0,05) excepto en la hipertensión arterial. Su prevalencia aumentó con la edad(excepto en el tabaquismo) hasta los 74 años, en que se estabilizó, excepto en la hipertensión, que siguió aumentando. Tenían alguna enfermedad cardiovascular el10,0% de los pacientes: cardiopatía isquémica el 5,5%;enfermedad cerebrovascular el 3,7% y arteriopatía periférica de extremidades inferiores el 2,4%. Fueron más frecuentes en varones (p < 0,05), excepto la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Su prevalencia fue baja en < 55 años(especialmente en mujeres) y aumentó con la edad en todas las enfermedades cardiovasculares, correspondiendo el 68,3% a pacientes de ≥ 65 años. Conclusiones. Se confirma la elevada prevalencia delos factores de riesgo cardiovascular en nuestro medio. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son especialmente frecuentes en varones y ancianos

Introduction and objectives. To study the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in primary care. Patients and method. A cross-sectional study was carried out at an urban health center in Barcelona, Spain. In total, 2248 patients ≥15 years old were selected randomly from medical records. The study investigated cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease, and cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus. Results. The patients’ mean age was 49.1 (18.9) years and 53.5% were male. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalences were: smoking, 35.2%; high blood pressure, 33.7%;hypercholesterolemia, 21.9%; hypertriglyceridemia,12.7%;and diabetes mellitus, 15.8%. Overall, 57.9% of patients had at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor. Significantly more males presented with each risk factor (P<.05), apart from high blood pressure. The prevalence of all risk factors, except smoking, increased with age until 74 years and then stabilized, except high blood pressure, which continued to increase. Around 10% had cardiovascular disease, with myocardial ischemia in 5.5%, cerebrovascular disease in3.7%, and peripheral arterial disease in 2.4%. All except cerebrovascular disease were significantly more common in males (P<.05). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was low in individuals <55 years old, particularly women, and increased with age for all forms of disease. Some 68.3% were ≥65 years old. Conclusions. The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was confirmed. Cardiovascular disease was more common in males and the elderly

[Risk of Suffering from Cardiovascular Diseases because of the Clustering of the Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Population Older than 15 years of a Health Care Center in Barcelona]. / riesgo de presentación de eventos cardiovasculares según la agrupación de los factores de riesgo modificables en la población mayor de 15 de años de un centro de salud de barcelona.

OBJECTIVE: Over recent decades, the death rate due to cardiovascular diseases has shown a downward trend in developed countries, as has also been the case in Spain. However, are still the leading cause of death. This study is aimed at studying the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and different modifiable cardiovascular risk factors related to their clustering. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at an urban healthcare center, which included 2248 individuals ages 15 and above selected by simple random sampling of the medical record files. The risk of having some cardiovascular disease (ischemic cardiopathy, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arteriopathy of lower limbs) was calculated in the form of an odds ration (OR) in relation to the clustering of the risk factors of smoking, high blood pressure,hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus,adjusted by age, sex and risk factors. RESULTS: The individuals studied had 224 cardiovascular diseases.For smoking, the OR as an isolated risk factor was 1.5 (95% CI:1.0-2.2) and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.9-2.5) with the clustering with the other four risk factors; with high blood pressure, respectively of 2.1 (95% CI: 1.5-2.9) and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.6); with hypercholesterolemia, respectively of 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2-2.4) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4); and with hypertriglyceridemia, respectively of 1.8(95% CI: 1.2-2.8) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.8-2.1). The OR's showed a similar behavior on layering by each cardiovascular disease, although the highest OR's (2.4 - 3.1 range) corresponded to the clustering of diabetes mellitus and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of having cardiovascular diseasesremains high with the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors,although differences among them are found to exist.

OBJETIVO: En la últimas décadas la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares ha mostrado una tendencia decreciente en los países desarrollados, confirmada asimismo en España. No obstante siguen siendo la principal causa de mortalidad El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la asociación entre las enfermedades cardiovasculares y diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables en relación a su agrupación (clustering). METODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en un centro de salud urbano, que incluyó a 2.248 personas de 15 o más años, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple del archivo de historias clínicas. Se calculó en forma de odds ratio (OR) el riesgo de tener alguna enfermedad cardiovascular (cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular o arteriopatia periférica de extremidades inferiores)en relación al clustering de los factores de riesgo tabaquismo,hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia y diabetes mellitus, ajustado por edad, sexo y factores de riesgo. RESULTADOS: Las personas estudiadas tenían 224 enfermedades cardiovasculares. En el tabaquismo la OR como factor de riesgo aislado fue de 1,5 (IC95%: 1,0-2,2) y de 1,6 (IC95%: 0,9-2,5) con el clustering con los otros 4 factores de riesgo; con la hipertensión arterial de 2,1 (IC95%: 1,5-2,9) y de 1,7 (IC95%: 1,1-2,6), respectivamente; con la hipercolesterolemia de 1,7 (IC95%: 1,2-2,4) y de 1,6 (IC95%: 1,1-2,4), respectivamente; con la diabetes de 2,5 (IC95%: 1,7-3,5) y 2,0 (IC95%: 1,3-3,0), respectivamente y con la hipertrigliceridemia de 1,8 (IC95%: 1,2-2,8) y 1,3 (IC95%: 0,8-2,1), respectivamente. Las OR se comportaron de manera similar al estratificar por cada enfermedad cardiovascular, aunque las OR más elevadas (entre 2,4 y 3,1) correspondieron al clustering de diabetes mellitus y tabaquismo. CONCLUSIONES: El riesgo de tener enfermedades cardiovasculares sigue siendo elevado con el clustering de factores de riesgo cardiovascular,aunque se observan diferencias entre ellos.