ABSTRACT
El estrés afecta al ser humano en su totalidad, aunque algunas de sus manifestaciones son más evidentes a unos métodos de observación que a otros. Cuando la detección de anormalidad, disfunción, sufrimiento o deterioro se debe a la aplicación de los métodos propios de la psicopatología, estamos justificados en clasificar estas observaciones dentro de la nosología psiquiátrica. De esta manera, podemos describir una psiquiatría del estrés, que se extiende a lo largo de tres dimensiones, que son: el estrés psicológico, el trauma psíquico, y la psicopatología reactiva. Las implicaciones psiquiátricas de los dos primeros fenómenos, estrés psicológico y trauma, son objeto de otro trabajo, titulado "Cambio, Trauma y Sobrecarga". Las del tercero, la psicopatología reactiva, se exponen en el presente trabajo. Finalmente, se establece la clasificación de los síndromes de estrés en: Agudos y Crónicos, correspondiendo a los primeros el autoestrés, la reacción aguda de estrés, la crisis psicosocial, el síndrome postraumático y los trastornos adaptativos, y a los segundos, el trastorno por estrés extremo y persistente, el síndrome de victimización de Ochberg (del que forma parte el Síndrome de Estocolmo), el síndrome de desgaste profesional o Bumout y el síndrome de acoso moral, del que forma parte el síndrome de acoso institucional (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Stress, Physiological/diagnosis , Stress, Physiological/psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Psychopathology/methods , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Depression/psychology , Medical History Taking/methods , Stress, Physiological/classification , Stress, Physiological/epidemiology , MoraleABSTRACT
While the etiology of the affective disorders remain unknown, most believe that interactions between genetic and environmental factors are critical. Stress has been implicated as an important factor related to the onset and progression of affective disorders. Characteristics rendering individuals more or less vulnerable to stress are very important to elucidate and will be relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Stress reactivity could be one of these individual characteristics since the results of the present paper show a statistically significant correlation between stress reactivity and the affective psychopathology observed.
Subject(s)
Health Personnel/psychology , Mood Disorders/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sex Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Stressful events, either of traumatic quality or of lesser intensity but repetitive, are a frequent antecedent in the development of anxiety disorders. The Stress Reactivity Index modulates the intensity of the "life event effect", and can be considered as a marker of vulnerability to stress. In susceptible subjects, a vicious circle process tends to feed the anxiety-producing mechanisms, long after the original initiating factors have disappeared.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Humans , Tachycardia/psychologyABSTRACT
The role of life events in precipitating self-destructive behaviour, especially in suicide attempts, needs to be studied in this paper the social readjustment rating scale (Holmes and Rahe), in its spanish version, in a sample of 100 suicide attempters are reported. The mean social readjustment index was 255.2 +/- 137.01, which is a higher score than that observed in medical inpatients (180.69 +/- 72.03) in our context. The mean life events index was 8.69 +/- 4.32, higher valves than were recorded in the somatic in patients sample (5.97 +/- 2.99). No sex differences were found in any of the two indexes. The finding of a greater number of unpleasant life events by different researchers is discussed.
Subject(s)
Life Change Events , Self-Injurious Behavior , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Social Adjustment , Stress, Psychological , Suicide, Attempted , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Over the initial period of its clinical use, the effectiveness of neuroleptics determined a relative decline of the psychotherapeutic approaches to the psychoses. However, recent evidence shows that combined pharmacological-psychotherapeutic treatment may increase therapeutic potency. The specific psychodynamics of psychotic syndromes requires the association of different psychotherapeutic techniques and patient management approaches to pharmacological treatment.
Subject(s)
Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Psychotherapy , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Disorders/drug therapy , Personality Disorders/therapy , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Schizophrenia/therapyABSTRACT
We studied stress reactivity in a sample of 48 psychiatric acute inpatients of a psychiatric ward in a general hospital. Stress Reactivity Questionnaire (IRE-32 items) was used, this instrument supplies an index of the subject's individual response to stressful situations. The mean Stress Reactivity Index of the sample was 13.02 (s.d. 6.31), which is significantly higher than that found by us in general population--9.67 (s.d. 5.47)--and similar to the score obtained by psychiatric outpatients in our Department--13.30 (s.d. 6.07). According to gender, women reached the highest score (13.76). The various scores obtained in the Stress Reactivity Index by the different diagnosis are outlined.
