Isotopic evolution of planetary crusts by hypervelocity impacts evidenced by Fe in microtektites.

Fractionation effects related to evaporation and condensation had a major impact on the current elemental and isotopic composition of the Solar System. Although isotopic fractionation of moderately volatile elements has been observed in tektites due to impact heating, the exact nature of the processes taking place during hypervelocity impacts remains poorly understood. By studying Fe in microtektites, here we show that impact events do not simply lead to melting, melt expulsion and evaporation, but involve a convoluted sequence of processes including condensation, variable degrees of mixing between isotopically distinct reservoirs and ablative evaporation during atmospheric re-entry. Hypervelocity impacts can as such not only generate isotopically heavy, but also isotopically light ejecta, with δ56/54Fe spanning over nearly 5‰ and likely even larger variations for more volatile elements. The mechanisms demonstrated here for terrestrial impact ejecta modify our understanding of the effects of impact processing on the isotopic evolution of planetary crusts.

Influence of electrodes on the 448 kHz electric currents created by radiofrequency: A finite element study.

Radiofrequency is a technology used in physical rehabilitation by physicians and physiotherapists for more than fifteen years, although there exist doubts on how it works. Indiba is a particular method that applies a voltage difference of 448 KHz between two electrodes, creating an electric current between them. These electrodes are an active one that is placed on different areas of the body and a passive one that is left on the same position during the treatment. There are two different types of active electrodes: the capacitive one and the resistive one. In this paper, it has been studied how the different electrodes affect the current density inside the body and thus how they affect the efficacy of the treatment. It shows how finite element calculations should help physicians in order to better understand its behavior and improve the treatments.

Traumeel vs. diclofenac for reducing pain and improving ankle mobility after acute ankle sprain: a multicentre, randomised, blinded, controlled and non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute ankle sprains are common and activity limiting injuries, and topical diclofenac gel has proven efficacy in alleviating pain and restoring function. This trial aimed to compare a topical natural agent, Traumeel with topical diclofenac gel (1%) in the management of acute ankle sprain. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, randomised, blinded, active-control and non-inferiority study involved 449 physically active adults sustaining unilateral grade 1 or 2 ankle sprain within the past 24 h. Participants were randomised to receive 2 g of Traumeel ointment (T-O) (n = 152) or Traumeel gel (T-G) (n = 150) or diclofenac gel (D-G) (n = 147), administered topically to the ankle three times a day for 14 days, with 6-weeks follow up. RESULTS: Day 7 median percentage reductions in Visual Analogue Scale pain score were 60.6%, 71.1% and 68.9% for the T-O, T-G and D-G groups, respectively. Total pain relief was reported by 12 (8.5%), 7 (5.0%) and 8 (5.9%) participants in each group, respectively. Median improvements in Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living subscale score were 26.2, 26.2 and 25.0 points for T-O, T-G and D-G groups, respectively. Mann-Whitney effect sizes and lower bound confidence intervals demonstrated non-inferiority of Traumeel vs. diclofenac for reducing pain and functional improvement. At 6 weeks, participants reported total pain relief and normal functioning. Adverse events (n = 43) were reported by 31/447 participants (6.9%). Treatments were equally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: T-O and T-G decreased pain and improved joint function to the same extent as D-G in acute ankle sprain, and were well tolerated.

Algunas aportaciones teóricas sobre la regresión en la institución / Some theoretic contributions about regression within the institution

Tomando como punto de partida a Freud, se analizan las diferentes contribuciones que el psicoanálisis ha aportado sobre los fenómenos y procesos grupales. En particular acerca de un tipo especial de grupo, la institución. Se describe la estructura de la misma, como lugar de proyección de los ideales del yo, y manifestación de los emergentes grupales (sumisión, sometimiento, simbiosis y confusión). Se profundiza en la importancia de la libido y la agresión, en el papel de las relaciones objétales, y se destaca la figura del líder y sus consecuencias. Fundamentalmente se centra en la regresión, como movimiento defensivo consubstancial a la institución, señalando sus diferentes aspectos y manifestaciones. La parte teórica finaliza con algunas reflexiones sobre procedimientos que permiten detectar la regresión. En especial de papel de la elaboración cuya finalidad es ayudar a progresar. El grupo elaborativa institucional se constituye como un elemento principal que posibilita que los profesionales tomen conciencia de su participación en las dinámicas grupales e institucionales. Finalmente se presenta un caso práctico en el que describen las vicisitudes de una institución frente a una situación de cambio y que permite reflexionar sobre la regresión y los diferentes aspectos de la misma señalados en la parte teórica (AU)

Starting form Freud´s view, the different contributions that psychoanalysis has made about the phenomenon of group processes are analyzed. In particular concerning a special group, the institution. The structure of this group is described as a place to project the ideals of the ego, as well as the emergent of the group (submission, symbiosis, confusion). The importance of libido and aggression is emphasized within the context of object relations and the figure of the leader and its consequences are envisioned. Fundamentally the article centers on regression as a defensive movement inherent to the institution, signaling different aspects of manifestation of this regression. The theoretic part ends with some reflections about proceedings that allow to detect regression. Specially, the role of elaboration whose finality is to help members to progress. The institutional elaborative group constitutes itself as a principal element that facilitates that professionals take conscience of their participation in the group as well as in institutional dynamics. Finally a practical case is presented in which the vicissitudes of an institution is described. This allows for a reflection on regression as well as to the different aspects of this regression already depicted in the theoretic part (AU)

[Tobacco addiction in primary health care workers in the health area number 4 of Insalud in Madrid: prevalence of consumption and attitude]. / El tabaquismo en los trabajadores de atención primaria del área sanitaria número 4 del Insalud de Madrid: prevalencia de consumo y actitudes.

BACKGROUND: In developed countries, tobaccoism constitutes the main public health problem capable of prevention. Health professionals comprise the sector with the greatest power of influence in reducing smoking habits. Nevertheless, cooperation is determined by their own personal habits and attitudes to smoking. This study describes the prevalence of smoking and attitudes towards tobaccoism amongst primary medical care personnel within Area 4 of Insalud in Madrid. METHODS: Of the 910 workers surveyed, 803 responded (response rate: 88%). 42.3% were smokers (35.3% on a daily basis and 7% occasionally) and the average smoker consumed 17 cigarrettes per day. 25.9% were ex-smokers and 31.7% non-smokers. 95% of non-smokers and 85% of smokers considered that smoking should be forbidden in medical centres (p << 0.001). 11% of smokers did so in front of patients (10% of doctors and 3.3% of nursing staff). 58.4% of smokers stated that they would participate in an assistance scheme designed to help them give up the habit. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that there still exists a large percentage of primary medical care personnel that smoke and that attitudes are not those that would be expected from a group of people seen as an example by others. Priority must be given to intensifying awareness, assisting people to give up smoking and to training courses.