Anisotropic behavior of mechanical properties for thea- andc-domains in a (001) BaTiO3single crystal.

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystal with a tetragonal phase was characterized by nanoindentation. Elastic and elastic-plastic deformation regimes were obtained. The main objective was the evaluation of the anisotropic behavior related to mechanical properties associated with the cross-section of the ferroelectrica- andc-domains (In-plane and out-of-plane) in (001) configuration domains. This behavior was evaluated along a line perpendicular to the between domains, which demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the BaTiO3single crystal depend on the distance from due to the effect of the influence of the neighbor domain. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate mechanical effects revealed by the nanoindentations test. The FE simulation demonstrated that there is no simple isotropic mechanical behavior associated with the domain type. Numerical simulations and experiments performed to study ferroelastic switching domains in BaTiO3crystals revealed the interaction of the 90°-cadomain with the indentation position.

Adaptación española del CTAI-2D. Herramienta para evaluar la ansiedad rasgo en deportistas / Spanish Adaptation of CTAI-2D. Tool for Assessing the Trait Anxiety in Athletes

La Ansiedad-Rasgo es una medida disposicional y estable, siendo en el contexto deportivo relevante su evaluación, por la interpretación que realiza el deportista de sus sensaciones ansiosas para el rendimiento competitivo. El propósito ha sido la adaptación al español del Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory (CTAI-2D), en 421 deportistas (66.3% hombres y 33.7% mujeres) con edades entre los 18 y 46 años (Medad = 21.16). En primer lugar, se efectuó la traducción del CTAI-2D, junto con el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y validez convergente; y, en segundo lugar, se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). El AFE ha mostrado una varianza explicada del 52.95% para la dimensión intensidad y 55.55% para valencia/dirección; mientras el AFC muestra índices de ajuste satisfactorios. El CTAI-2D es un instrumento para evaluar el rasgo, válido y fiable, aportando la percepción del deportista acerca de la intensidad de la ansiedad y la interpretación como obstaculizadora o facilitadora. (AU)

Trait-Anxiety is a dispositional and stable measure, its evaluation being relevant in the sporting context, due to the athlete's interpretation of their anxious feelings for competitive performance. The purpose has been to adapt Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory (CTAI-2D) into Spanish in 421 athletes (66.3% men and 33.7% women) aged between 18 and 46 years (Average = 21.16). In the first place, the translation of the CTAI-2D was performed, together with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and convergent validity; and, secondly, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. The EFA has shown an explained variance of 52.95% for the intensity dimension and 55.55% for valence / direction; while the AFC shows satisfactory adjustment indices. The CTAI-2D is an instrument to evaluate the trait, valid and reliable, providing the athlete's perception of the intensity of anxiety and the interpretation as an obstacle or facilitator. (AU)

Sensibilidad a la ansiedad y adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas. El rol protector de la dureza mental / Sensibilidade à ansiedade e dependência de jogos de vídeo em atletas. O papel protector da resistência mental / Anxiety sensitivity and video game addiction in athletes. The protective role of mental toughness

El uso excesivo de los videojuegos y la adicción a los mismos entre los deportistas es una preocupación reciente que va en aumento. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad es un factor de riesgo para las conductas adictivas, del mismo modo que la dureza mental, ampliamente asociada a los deportistas, es un elemento protector. El presente trabajo examina las relaciones entre la sensibilidad a la ansiedad, la dureza mental y la adicción a videojuegos en este contexto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por deportistas (n = 98) de entre 19 -51 años (M edad = 23.94; DT = 7.72) de los cuales 64 fueron hombres y 34 mujeres. Aplicando instrumentos descriptivos sobre sensibilidad a la ansiedad, dureza mental y adicción y dependencia a los videojuegos los resultados indicaron que un aumento de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad física o social correlacionó con una disminución de la dureza mental y la reducción de ésta se asoció con un aumento de la tolerancia a los video juegos. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad social y física tuvo efectos indirectos en el abuso y tolerancia a los videojuegos mediante la dureza mental de los deportistas. Los resultados se discuten entorno al papel de la dureza mental en la comprensión de los problemas de adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas. (AU)

Video game overuse and addiction among athletes is a recent and growing concern. Anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors, just as mental toughness, widely associated with athletes, is a protective element. The present study examines the relationships between anxiety sensitivity, mental toughness and video game addiction in this context. The sample was composed of athletes (n = 98) aged 19-51 years (M age = 23.94; SD = 7.72) of whom 64 were male and 34 females. Applying descriptive instruments on anxiety sensitivity, mental toughness and video game addiction and dependence, the results indicated that an increase in physical or social anxiety sensitivity correlated with a decrease in mental toughness that in turn was associated with an increase in video game tolerance. Sensitivity to social and physical anxiety had indirect effects on video game abuse and tolerance through mental toughness in athletes. The results are discussed around the role of mental toughness in understanding video game addiction problems in athletes. (AU)

O uso excessivo e a dependência dos jogos de vídeo entre os atletas é uma preocupação recente e crescente. A sensibilidade à ansiedade é um facto de risco para comportamentos viciantes, tal como a resistência mental, amplamente associada aos atletas, é um elemento protetor. O presente estudo examina as relações entre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental e dependência de jogos de vídeo neste contexto. A amostra foi composta por atletas (n = 98) com idades entre 19-51 anos (M idade = 23,94; T.D. = 7,72) dos quais 64 eram do sexo masculino, 34 do sexo feminino. Aplicando instrumentos descritivos sobre a sensibilidade à ansiedade, resistência mental, dependência e dependência de jogos de vídeo, os resultados indicaram que um aumento da sensibilidade à ansiedade física ou social correlacionada com uma diminuição da resistência mental, e esta diminuição foi associada a um aumento da tolerância aos jogos de vídeo. A sensibilidade à ansiedade social e física teve efeitos indiretos no abuso e tolerância dos jogos de vídeo através da resistência mental dos atletas. Os resultados são discutidos em torno do papel da resistência mental na compreensão dos problemas de vício dos jogos de vídeo nos atletas. (AU)

Assessing mechanical behavior of ostrich and equine trabecular and cortical bone based on depth sensing indentation measurements.

Guided bone regeneration surgeries are based on grafting a scaffold in the site to be repaired. The main focus of the scaffold is to provide mechanical support to newly formed blood vessels and cells that will colonize the grafted site, achiving bone regenertation. In this regards, the aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy, structular, surface morphologycal, chemical composition, and nanomechanical properties of ostrich and equine trabecular bone. Ostrich and equine specimens were obtained from a local abattoir and bone was obtained by blunt dissection, n = 5. Tissue bone anatomy and trabecular structure were measured using Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Energy dispersion spectrometry of X-ray (EDS) were used to examine surface morphology and chemical composition of the trabecular ostrich and equine bone. Mechanical behavior was analysted by nanoindentation. Equine specimens were examined as control. CAT results suggest that in terms of anthropometry, ostrich tarsometatarsus bone is more suitable due to its length is 432.56 ± 3.12 mm vs. the highest human bone structures reported, which femur length is 533.66 ± 18.81 mm. Besides, the low radiodensity in the Hounsfield scale exhibits equine trabecular bone more brittle (Av = 1538.4 ± 0.9) than ostrich trabecular bone (Av = 462.1 ± 1.5). EDS showed a slight variation of the element Calcium (Ca2+) ranging from 20% to 25.5% wt in equine bone; the Ca2+ content variation is consistent with the ring-shaped morphology, while in ostrich bone the chemical composition is homogeneous. The elastic modulus, nanohardness (E = 5.3 ± 0.7 GPa, H = 220 ± 10 MPa) and average roughness (Ra = 207 nm) are similar to the human trabecular bone which could reduce the stress shielding, all of these findings suggest that ostrich bone can be promising for native tissue scaffolds for mechanically demanding applications. This research makes innovative contributions to science and provides a framework, which will allow us to address future biomedical tests, and rapidly identify promising organic and sustainable waste for tissue scaffold.

Inhibition of alternative respiration system of Scheffersomyces stipitis and effect on glucose or xylose fermentation.

Scheffersomyces stipitis is a Crabtree-negative pentose fermenting yeast, which shows a complex respiratory system involving a cytochrome and an alternative salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive respiration mechanism that is poorly understood. This work aimed to investigate the role of the antimycin A (AA) sensitive respiration and SHAM-sensitive respiration in the metabolism of xylose and glucose by S. stipitis, upon different agitation conditions. Inhibition of the SHAM-sensitive respiration caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in glycolytic flux and oxygen consumption when using glucose and xylose under agitation conditions, but without agitation, only a mild reduction was observed. The combination of SHAM and AA abolished respiration, depleting the glycolytic flux using both carbon sources tested, leading to increased ethanol production of 21.05 g/L at 250 rpm for 0.5 M glucose, and 8.3 g/L ethanol using xylose. In contrast, inhibition of only the AA-sensitive respiration, caused increased ethanol production to 30 g/L using 0.5 M glucose at 250 rpm, and 11.3 g/L from 0.5 M xylose without agitation. Results showed that ethanol production can be induced by respiration inhibition, but the active role of SHAM-sensitive respiration should be considered to investigate better conditions to increase and optimize yields.

Teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) growth and transcriptomic response to weed stress identifies similarities and differences between varieties and with modern maize varieties.

Transcriptomic responses of plants to weed presence gives insight on the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response. This study evaluated transcriptomic and morphological responses of two teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) (an ancestor of domesticated maize) lines (Ames 21812 and Ames 21789) to weed presence and absence during two growing seasons. Responses were compared after 6 weeks of growth in Aurora, South Dakota, USA. Plant heights between treatments were similar in Ames 21812, whereas branch number decreased when weeds were present. Ames 21789 was 45% shorter in weedy vs weed-free plots, but branch numbers were similar between treatments. Season-long biomass was reduced in response to weed stress in both lines. Common down-regulated subnetworks in weed-stressed plants were related to light, photosynthesis, and carbon cycles. Several unique response networks (e.g. aging, response to chitin) and gene sets were present in each line. Comparing transcriptomic responses of maize (determined in an adjacent study) and teosinte lines indicated three common gene ontologies up-regulated when weed-stressed: jasmonic acid response/signaling, UDP-glucosyl and glucuronyltransferases, and quercetin glucosyltransferase (3-O and 7-O). Overall, morphologic and transcriptomic differences suggest a greater varietal (rather than a conserved) response to weed stress, and implies multiple responses are possible. These findings offer insights into opportunities to define and manipulate gene expression of several different pathways of modern maize varieties to improve performance under weedy conditions.

Effect of cytochrome bc1 complex inhibition during fermentation and growth of Scheffersomyces stipitis using glucose, xylose or arabinose as carbon sources.

Scheffersomyces stipitis shows a high capacity to ferment xylose, with a strong oxygen dependence to allow NAD+ regeneration. However, without oxygen regeneration of NADH occurs by other metabolic pathways like alcoholic fermentation. There are few reports about inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration and their effects on growth and fermentation. This work aimed to explore the effect of cytochrome bc1 complex inhibition by antimycin A (AA), on growth and fermentation of S. stipitis using glucose, xylose and arabinose as carbon sources, at three agitation levels (0, 125 and 250 rpm). It was possible to discriminate between respiratory and fermentative metabolism in these different conditions using xylose or arabinose. Despite the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, the glycolytic flux was active because S. stipitis metabolized glucose or xylose to produce ATP; on 0.5 M glucose the cells yielded 17-33 g L-1 ethanol. However, more complex results were obtained on xylose, which depended upon agitation conditions where ethanol production without agitation increased up to 11 g L-1. Inhibition of respiratory chain in S. stipitis could therefore be a good strategy to improve ethanol yields.

A candidate super-Earth planet orbiting near the snow line of Barnard's star.

Barnard's star is a red dwarf, and has the largest proper motion (apparent motion across the sky) of all known stars. At a distance of 1.8 parsecs1, it is the closest single star to the Sun; only the three stars in the α Centauri system are closer. Barnard's star is also among the least magnetically active red dwarfs known2,3 and has an estimated age older than the Solar System. Its properties make it a prime target for planetary searches; various techniques with different sensitivity limits have been used previously, including radial-velocity imaging4-6, astrometry7,8 and direct imaging9, but all ultimately led to negative or null results. Here we combine numerous measurements from high-precision radial-velocity instruments, revealing the presence of a low-amplitude periodic signal with a period of 233 days. Independent photometric and spectroscopic monitoring, as well as an analysis of instrumental systematic effects, suggest that this signal is best explained as arising from a planetary companion. The candidate planet around Barnard's star is a cold super-Earth, with a minimum mass of 3.2 times that of Earth, orbiting near its snow line (the minimum distance from the star at which volatile compounds could condense). The combination of all radial-velocity datasets spanning 20 years of measurements additionally reveals a long-term modulation that could arise from a stellar magnetic-activity cycle or from a more distant planetary object. Because of its proximity to the Sun, the candidate planet has a maximum angular separation of 220 milliarcseconds from Barnard's star, making it an excellent target for direct imaging and astrometric observations in the future.

La triada oscura de la personalidad y sus implicaciones en el deporte: Una revision sistemática / The dark triad of personality and its psychological implications in sport: A systematic review / O triade sombria da personalidade e suas implicações psicológicas no esporte: Uma revisão sistemática

La Triada Oscura de la personalidad (TOP) ha suscitado el interés creciente de la comunidad científica, debido a las aportaciones explicativas que ofrecen sus características a factores ampliamente investigados por los estudios de personalidad. Narcisismo, maquiavelismo y psicopatía forman parte de una constelación de factores que subyacen en variables tanto de autoconcepto, de ajuste psicológico y de relación social. Han sido escasos los trabajos que han estudiado tales constructos en contextos deportivos, principalmente centrados en conductas inmorales, de incapacidad para la autorregulación de impulsos, o de configuración de creencias perfeccionistas orientadas al éxito deportivo. Con el propósito de reflejar, a través de la revision sistemática de los textos científicos publicados, se describen los principales vínculos entre las dimensiones de la TO y otras variables en deportistas. Se han revisado los artículos originales en inglés y español publicados en las bases de datos electrónicas Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed e ISOC, teniendo en cuenta los principios establecidos por la declaración PRISMA y AMSTAR para la descripción cualitativa y cuantitativa en revisiones sistemáticas. De los 72 artículos identificados, sólo 24 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los entrenadores y deportistas son las figuras que más se han asociado al estudio de los rasgos de la TOP, y las variables más vinculadas con motivación, perfeccionismo, liderazgo, actitudes hacia trampas, o el locus de control

The Dark Triad of Personality (DTP) has received a growing interest by the scientific community, due to the explanatory contributions offered by its characteristics to factors widely investigated in the research on personality. Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy configure a constellation of factors that underlie variables such as self-concept, psychological adjustment and social relationships. There is a lack of studies on such constructs in sports contexts, and they are mainly focused on immoral behavior, inability to self-regulate impulses and configurations of perfectionist beliefs regarding athletic success. With the purpose of reflecting the published papers within a systematic review, the main links between the dimensions of the DTP and other variables in athletes are described. Original articles in English and Spanish published in the platforms and electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, MEDline, and EBSCO-HOST were reviewed, taking into account the principles established by the PRISMA and AMSTAR statements for the qualitative and quantitative description of findings in systematic reviews. Of the 72 articles identified, 29 met the established inclusion criteria. Coaches and athletes are the figures that have received greater interest in the study of DTP traits. The variables most related to DTP are exercise dependence, perfectionism, leadership, aggressivity, attitudes towards cheating and locus of control

A Tríade Sombria da Personalidade (TSP) despertou o crescente interesse da comunidade científica, devido às contribuições explicativas oferecidas por suas características a fatores amplamente investigados por estudos de personalidade. O Narcisismo, o Maquiavelismo e a Psicopatia fazem parte de uma constelação de fatores subjacentes a variáveis como autoconceito, ajuste psicológico e relacionamento social. Há uma falta de estudos sobre tais construtos em contextos esportivos, e eles são principalmente focados em comportamento imoral, incapacidade de auto-regular impulsos e configurações de crenças perfeccionistas em relação ao sucesso atlético. Com o propósito de refletir com uma revisão sistemática de textos científicos publicados, as principais relaçãos entre as dimensões do TSP e outras variáveis em atletas são descritos. Os artigos originais em inglês e espanhol publicados nas bases de datos eletrônicas Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, MEDline e EBSCO-HOST foram revisados, levando em consideração os princípios estabelecidos pelas declarações PRISMA e AMSTAR para o descrição qualitativa e quantitativa dos resultados em revisões sistemáticas. Dos 72 artigos identificados, 29 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Treinadores e atletas são os indivíduos que receberam maior interesse no estudo das características do TSP. As variáveis mais relacionadas à TSP são dependência do exercício, perfeccionismo, liderança, agressividade, atitudes frente ao engano e locus de controle

Relación del clima motivacional y miedo al fallo en jugadores de alto rendimiento en balonmano / Relacionamento clima motivacional e medo de jogadores falha de alta performance em handebol / Relationship of motivational climate and fear of failure in high performance players in handball

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la percepción del clima motivacional generado por el entrenador y el miedo al fallo en jugadores de balonmano, en función del sexo y los años de experiencia federados, así como evaluar la predicción del clima motivacional sobre el miedo al fallo. Para ello se utilizó un diseño no experimental, descriptivo y seccional donde los participantes respondieron el Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte y el Inventario de Evaluación del Error en el Rendimiento. La muestra estuvo formada por 479 jugadores de 16-17 años (M = 16.60; DT = .50), pertenecientes a las diferentes selecciones juveniles territoriales de Balonmano. Los resultados reflejaron que la mayoría de los jugadores percibían sobre todo un clima de maestría y que la principal causa aversiva del miedo al fallo fue la vergüenza. Así mismo, se demostró que los hombres perciben en mayor medida un clima de competición y miedo al fallo, mientras que las mujeres perciben, sobre todo, un clima de maestría y menos miedo al fallo que ellos. Además, los jugadores con mayor experiencia deportiva perciben sobre todo un clima de competición y mayor miedo al fallo. Finalmente, se demuestra que a mayor clima implicante hacia la maestría menor probabilidad de sentir miedo a perder el interés de otros, al contrario de un clima implicante hacia la competición donde existe mayor probabilidad de sentir miedo por vergüenza y devaluación de uno mismo (AU)

The aim of the study was to examine the motivational climate generated by the coach and the fear of failure in handball players, according to the sex and years of federated experience, as well as to evaluate the prediction of the motivational climate on fear of failure. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive and sectional design was used where the participants answered the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory as measurement instruments. The sample consisted in 479 players aged 16-17 years (M = 16.60; SD = .50), belonging to the different youth teams of Handball. The results reflected that the majority of handball players perceived above all a climate of mastery and that the main aversive causes of fear of failure was shame. Regarding gender analysis, this showed that men perceive, to a greater extent than women, a climate of competition and fear of failure, whereas women perceive above all a climate of mastery and less fear of failure than them. In addition, players with greater sport experience perceive above all a climate of competition and greater fear of failure. Finally, it is shown that a mastery climate predicts the fear of losing the interest of others, and a climate competition fear for shame and devaluation of oneself (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção do clima motivacional gerado pelo treinador e medo de jogadores fracasso de handebol, de acordo com sexo e anos de experiência federais e avaliar o clima motivacional previsão sobre o medo do fracasso. Isso requer um design não-experimental, descritivo e transversal, onde os participantes responderam ao questionário Percebida Motivacional Clima no Esporte e Avaliação de erro Inventory foi usado na performance. A amostra foi composta de 479 jogadores 16-17 anos (M = 16.60, SD = 0,50), pertencentes a diferentes categorias de base territorial de Handebol. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos jogadores percebida principalmente um clima de especialização e que a principal causa do medo aversivo de falha era constrangimento. Além disso, foi mostrado que os homens percebem maior medida um clima de competição e medo do fracasso, enquanto as mulheres percebem, acima de tudo, o clima de mestrado e menos medo do fracasso que eles. Além disso, os jogadores recebem mais experiência desportiva principalmente um clima de concorrência e maior medo do fracasso. Finalmente, é mostrado que as implica maiores maestria clima para uma menor probabilidade de estar com medo de perder o interesse dos outros, ao contrário de um clima implica para a concorrência onde mais propensos a sentir vergonha e medo de desvalorização existe self (AU)

Recursos motivacionales para la autorregulación en la actividad física en edad universitaria / Recursos de motivação para auto-regulação na atividade física em estudantes universitários / Motivational resources for self-regulation in physical activity in college students

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las diferencias en la autodeterminación de los universitarios según el sexo y si practican o no de manera regular o mantenida AF. Así como conocer el nivel de actividad física y su relación con los tipos de regulación. En el estudio participaron 208 sujetos, el 64.9% mujeres y 35.1% hombres. De la muestra total el 62.5% practican actividad física y el 37.5% no lo hace. La media de edad de los participantes es de 20,16 años. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el Cuestionario de la Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Actividad Física. Los resultados obtenidos indican la regulación Identificada es la que prevalece en la muestra evaluada. Respecto al sexo, los hombres tienen una media más alta en motivación integrada en comparación con las mujeres. En cuanto las diferencias en los niveles de motivación según el tipo de actividad física practicada o la ausencia se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los factores excepto en la motivación introyectada entre los sedentarios y los demás grupos. Por último, se encontró diferencias significativas en los factores de regulación Integrada y en Escala Total con los niveles regular o excelente de actividad física (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as diferenças na autodeterminação estudantes universitários entre aqueles que não praticam atividade física e aqueles que a praticam, dependendo do tipo de atividade física e nível de atividade física. A amostra consistiu em 208 sujeitos, 64,9% mulheres e 35,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos, o Questionário do Regulamento de Comportamento no Exercício (BREQ-3) e Questionário de Hábitos de atividade física. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a regulação Identificada é prevalente na amostra avaliada. Na Escala total, os meios são estatisticamente diferentes entre aqueles que obtiveram um nível insuficiente de atividade física em comparação com aqueles com um excelente nível de atividade física. Conclui-se que existe uma relação positiva entre a prática da atividade física e um comportamento mais autodeterminado (AU)

The objective of this research was to establish the differences in self-determination of college students between those who do not practice physical activity and those who practice it, depending on the type of physical activity and physical activity level. This study involved 208 college students, 64.9% women and 35.1% men. To define the self-determined motivation, the Questionnaire of the Behavior Regulation in Exercise (BREQ-3) of González-Cutre, Sicilia & Fernández (2010) was used; and to determine the physical activity level, the score obtained by the Questionnaire of Physical Activity Habits of Godard & collaborators (2008) was used. The results indicate that for every type of self-regulated motivation, except the introjected, statistically significant differences are found between the group of college students who do not practice physical activity and the group of college students who practice any form of physical activity, in the total scale the means are statistically different between those who obtained an insufficient level of physical activity in comparison of those with an excellent level of physical activity. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between the practice of physical activity and a more self-determined behavior (AU)

Diferencias del autoconcepto físico en practicantes y no practicantes de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios / / Diferenças do autoconceito físico em praticantes e não praticantes de actividade física em estudantes universitários / Physical self-concept differences in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical activity in college students

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivos identificar las diferencias del autoconcepto físico en practicantes regulares y no practicantes de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 208 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 31 años de los cuales el 49% realizan actividad física regular y el 51% no practican de forma regular o no realizan ninguna actividad física y se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF) de Moreno y Cervelló (2005). En todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, así como en las escalas generales de autoconcepto físico y autoconcepto general, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al obtener p-valores debajo de α=.05, esto indica que las autopercepciones fí- sicas y las autopercepciones generales están medidas por la actividad física, por lo que se sustenta la importancia que tiene la actividad física en los universitarios (AU)

The present investigation objective was to identify the differences of physical self-concept in regular practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity in college students. A group of 208 college student between 18 and 31 years participated, of which 49% perform physical activity on a regular basis and 51% do not practice regularly or do not perform any physical activity, and the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire of Moreno & Cervelló (2005) was applied. In all dimensions of physical self-concept, as well as the general scales of physical self-concept and general self-concept, statistically significant differences were found obtaining p-values below α = .05, this indicates that the physical self-perceptions and general self-perceptions are measured by physical activity, so it sustains the importance of physical activity in the self-concept of college students (AU)

A presente investigação teve como objectivo identificar as diferenças do autoconceito físico em praticantes regulares e não praticantes de actividade física em estudantes universitários. Participaram no estudo 339 estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 31 anos dos quais 49% realizam actividade física regular e 51% não praticam de forma regular ou não realizam nenhuma actividade física, aos quais foi aplicado o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) de Moreno e Cervelló (2005). Em todas as dimensões do autoconceito físico, assim como nas escalas gerais de autoconceito físico e autoconceito geral, foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao serem obtidos p-values abaixo de α=.05, indicando que as autopercepções físicas e as autopercepções gerais são medidas pela actividade física, enfatizando a importância que tem a actividade física nos estudantes universitários (AU)

Specificity and sensitivity of visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of schizophrenia: rethinking VEPs.

Alterations of the visual evoked potential (VEP) component P1 at the occipital region represent the most extended functional references of early visual dysfunctions in schizophrenia (SZ). However, P1 deficits are not reliable enough to be accepted as standard susceptibility markers for use in clinical psychiatry. We have previously reported a novel approach combining a standard checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulus, spectral resolution VEP, source detection techniques and statistical procedures which allowed the correct classification of all patients as SZ compared to controls. Here, we applied the same statistical approach but to a single surface VEP - in contrast to the complex EEG source analyses in our previous report. P1 and N1 amplitude differences among spectral resolution VEPs from a POz-F3 bipolar montage were computed for each component. The resulting F-values were then Z-transformed. Individual comparisons of each component of P1 and N1 showed that in 72% of patients, their individual Z-score deviated from the normal distribution of controls for at least one of the two components. Crossvalidation against the distribution in the SZ-group improved the detection rate to 93%. In all, six patients were misclassified. Clinical validation yielded striking positive (78.13%) and negative (92.69%) predictive values. The here presented procedure offers a potential clinical screening method for increased susceptibility to SZ which should then be followed by high density electrode array and source detection analyses. The most important aspect of this work is represented by the fact that this diagnostic technique is low-cost and involves equipment that is feasible to use in typical community clinics.

Basic visual dysfunction allows classification of patients with schizophrenia with exceptional accuracy.

Basic visual dysfunctions are commonly reported in schizophrenia; however their value as diagnostic tools remains uncertain. This study reports a novel electrophysiological approach using checkerboard visual evoked potentials (VEP). Sources of spectral resolution VEP-components C1, P1 and N1 were estimated by LORETA, and the band-effects (BSE) on these estimated sources were explored in each subject. BSEs were Z-transformed for each component and relationships with clinical variables were assessed. Clinical effects were evaluated by ROC-curves and predictive values. Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 55 healthy controls participated in the study. For each of the 48 patients, the three VEP components were localized to both dorsal and ventral brain areas and also deviated from a normal distribution. P1 and N1 deviations were independent of treatment, illness chronicity or gender. Results from LORETA also suggest that deficits in thalamus, posterior cingulum, precuneus, superior parietal and medial occipitotemporal areas were associated with symptom severity. While positive symptoms were more strongly related to sensory processing deficits (P1), negative symptoms were more strongly related to perceptual processing dysfunction (N1). Clinical validation revealed positive and negative predictive values for correctly classifying SZ of 100% and 77%, respectively. Classification in an additional independent sample of 30 SZ corroborated these results. In summary, this novel approach revealed basic visual dysfunctions in all patients with schizophrenia, suggesting these visual dysfunctions represent a promising candidate as a biomarker for schizophrenia.

Advances towards a Marker-Assisted Selection Breeding Program in Prairie Cordgrass, a Biomass Crop.

Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link) is an indigenous, perennial grass of North America that is being developed into a cellulosic biomass crop suitable for biofuel production. Limited research has been performed into the breeding of prairie cordgrass; this research details an initial investigation into the development of a breeding program for this species. Genomic libraries enriched for four simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs were developed, 25 clones from each library were sequenced, identifying 70 SSR regions, and primers were developed for these regions, 35 of which were amplified under standard PCR conditions. These SSR markers were used to validate the crossing methodology of prairie cordgrass and it was found that crosses between two plants occurred without the need for emasculation. The successful cross between two clones of prairie cordgrass indicates that this species is not self-incompatible. The results from this research will be used to instigate the production of a molecular map of prairie cordgrass which can be used to incorporate marker-assisted selection (MAS) protocols into a breeding program to improve this species for cellulosic biomass production.

Estudio sobre el cambio de actitudes hacia la discapacidad en clases de actividad física / Study on changing attitudes towards disability in physical activity clases

Dentro de un contexto escolar, se pretende que compartir la práctica de un deporte para discapacitados visuales (goalbar) favorezca la conexión entre las concepciones personales acerca de la discapacidad y las creencias facilitadoras de las actitudes que generan pensamientos y actuaciones más integradoras. Utilizando una metodología experimental, se ha accedido a una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria (N=132), todos ellos compañeros de alumnos con deficiencia visual. Con dos momentos de medida (pretestpostest), administrando cuestionarios sobre el cambio de actitudes y sobre (..) (AU)

Within a school context, is intended to share the practice of a sport for visually impaired (goalbar) promotes the connection between personal conceptions about disability and beliefs attitudes facilitators thoughts and actions that generate more inclusive. Using an experimental methodology, has agreed to a sample of secondary school students (N = 132), all fellow students with visual impairment. With two measurement times (pretestposttest), administering questionnaires on changing attitudes and belief (..) (AU)

Dentro do contexto escolar pretendemos utilizar a pratica de um esporte para deficientes visuais (goalbar) que favoreça a conexão entre os conceitos pessoais sobre a deficiência e os conceitos facilitadores das atitudes que geram os pensamentos e as atuações mais integradoras. Utilizando uma metodologia experimental, participaram como mostra, estudantes do Ensino Médio (n=132), todos eram companheiros de alunos com deficiência (..) (AU)

Linfangioma: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Lymphangioma: a case report and literature review

Los Linfangiomas son considerados patologías benignas de vasos linfáticos que en la cavidad bucal se manifiestan como lesiones focales superficiales. Generalmente se presentan desde el nacimiento o antes de las dos primeras décadas de vida, aparentemente sin predilección por el sexo. Dicha lesión se manifiesta como formas vesiculares cuando son superficiales y nodulares cuando son profundas. La coloración puede variar desde un color similar al tejido circundante hasta rojo azulado cuando los capilares forman parte de la malformación. Su localización intraoral más común es la cara dorsal de la lengua y bordes laterales, pudiendo provocar macroglosia. Su presentación extraoral se denomina higroma quístico y afecta el cuello. Se reporta un caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 24 años de edad presentando lesión tumoral elevada, multilobulada, sintomática al momento de la consulta, manifestando dolor y sangramiento espontáneo. La lesión es del mismo color de la mucosa circundante, localizada en tercio medio de la cara dorsal de la lengua, dificultando la fonación y deglución. Se realizó biopsia incisional de la lesión con un diagnóstico provisional de linfangioma, obteniendo como resultado histopatológico Linfangioma.

Linphangioma are considered as benign pathologies of the lymphatic vessels, when they are evident in the oral cavity, they become superficial focal lesions. Generally, they become present at birth or before the first two decades of human life. This injury becomes apparent in different vessels forms when is superficial and nodes when is deep. Its color can vary from a similar shade of the surrounding tissue to a bluish red when capillary vessels form part, of the malformation. Its most common intra-oral location is in the dorsal face of the tongue and side edges, where it could produce macroglossia. Its extra-oral presence is designated as cystic hygroma and it affects the neck area. This is the reported case of a 24 years old female patient, who presents an elevated tumor lesion, multilobulated, and symptomatic at the time of her medical visit, with evident pain and spontaneous bleeding. The injury shows the same color of the surrounding mucous, localized in the central zone of the dorsal face of the tongue, making it difficult for swallowing and phonation. An incision biopsy of the injury was performed, with a temporary diagnosis of linphangioma, and as a histopathologic result linphangioma.