ABSTRACT
Assessment of skeletal robusticity is an important tool for the archaeologist and anthropologist, since it may be related to the intensity and type of activity performed by ancient population groups. Development of computed tomography (CT) allows determination of biomechanical properties of long bones. However, CT technology may not be easily available and is a relatively expensive procedure. Therefore, it is pertinent to estimate whether any of the parameters which can be easily measured in bare bones by simple anthropometry are useful to assess the torsional strength and bending strength of these bones. We included twenty one well preserved tibiae corresponding to prehispanic adult individuals (13 men) of El Hierro. These bones were anthropometrically measured following classical methods, and also subjected to CT analysis, and further calculation of minimum and maximum second moments and polar second moment of area, both at midshaft and at the nutrient foramen levels, using the software (www.hopkinsmedicine.org/FAE/mmacro.htm). The diaphyseal robusticity index showed a close relationship with minimum second moment of area at the nutrient foramen (r=0.824, p<0.001) and polar second moment of area at the nutrient foramen (r=0.824, p<0.001), whereas correlations with the epiphyseal robusticity index were weaker (r=0.628, p=0.005, and r=0.618, p=0.007, respectively). The variable which allows the best estimation of the torsional strength is the perimeter at the nutrient foramen, by the formula Polar second moment of area (in mm3) = -700.30 + 11.77 * perimeter at the nutrient foramen (in mm) for the whole population (standard error of the estimation=56.91; absolute range from-114.26 to 140.29), or Polar second moment of area (in mm3) = -897.93 + 13.74 * perimeter at the nutrient foramen (in mm) when only men were analyzed, with a standard error of the estimation of 32.17 (absolute range= from -44.53 to 50.32 mm3)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Evolution , Anthropometry/methods , Skeleton , Tibia/growth & development , Organ Size , Torsion, Mechanical , Biomechanical PhenomenaABSTRACT
Both manganese and copper may affect bone synthesis. Bone content of both metals can be altered in alcoholics, although controversy exists regarding this matter. To analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and a low protein diet on bone copper and manganese, and their relationships with bone structure and metabolism, including trabecular bone mass (TBM), osteoid area (OA), osteocalcin (OCN), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) and vitamin D. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control rats received a 18% protein-containing diet; a second group, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; a third one, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet and a fourth, an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol. After sacrifice, TBM and OA were histomorphometrically assessed; bone and serum manganese and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum OCN, IGF-1, PTH, uHP and vitamin D by radioimmunoassay. Ethanol-fed rats showed decreased TBM and bone manganese. Significant relationships existed between bone manganese and TBM, serum IGF-1 and OCN. Ethanol leads to a decrease in bone manganese, related to decreased bone mass and bone synthesis. No alterations were found in bone copper.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones/drug effects , Copper/metabolism , Ethanol/pharmacology , Manganese/metabolism , Protein Deficiency/metabolism , Animals , Bone Density/drug effects , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Depressants/pharmacology , Copper/blood , Diet, Protein-Restricted/adverse effects , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Hydroxyproline/urine , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Male , Manganese/blood , Osteocalcin/blood , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Protein Deficiency/blood , Protein Deficiency/physiopathology , Radioimmunoassay , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Vitamin D/bloodABSTRACT
Three cases of rare entities in nasal pathology are reported. Two of them are high-grade lymphomas (T/NK type), with nasal blockage as the first symptom. Clinical course and treatment response are described. The third case refers to an infrequent benign nasal entity called angiocentric eosinophilic fibrosis. Its aetiology and management remains rather uncertain nowadays.
Subject(s)
Eosinophilia/complications , Eosinophilia/pathology , Fibrosis/complications , Fibrosis/pathology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/complications , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/pathology , Adult , Aged , CD56 Antigen/metabolism , Eosinophilia/metabolism , Female , Fibrosis/metabolism , Humans , Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism , Male , Maxillary Sinus/metabolism , Maxillary Sinus/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
Se describen 3 casos correspondientes a enfermedades de presentación poco habitual en fosas nasales. Dos de ellos corresponden a linfomas de alto grado, que aparecieron con síntoma principal de obstrucción respiratoria, entidades tipo T/NK. Se describe su evolución, así como respuestas a los tratamientos instaurados. El último caso clínico se refiere a un cuadro benigno poco frecuente, conocido como fibrosis angiocéntrica eosinofílica, de cuyos etiología y manejo terapéutico hay conocimientos escasos en la actualidad
Three cases of rare entities in nasal pathology are reported. Two of them are high-grade lymphomas (T/NK type), with nasal blockage as the first symptom. Clinical course and treatment response are described. The third case refers to an infrequent benign nasal entity called angiocentric eosinophilic fibrosis. Its aetiology and management remains rather uncertain nowadays
