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1.
Curr Med Chem ; 17(33): 4027-51, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20939823

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid parasites Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, are among the most important parasitic diseases, affecting millions of people and considered to be within the most relevant group of neglected tropical diseases. The main alternative to control such parasitosis is chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the current chemotherapeutic treatments are far from being satisfactory. This review outlines the current understanding of different drugs against leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, their mechanism of action and resistance. Recent approaches in the area of anti-leishmanial and trypanocidal therapies are also enumerated, new modulators from the mode of action, development of new formulations of old drugs, therapeutic switching and "in silico" drug design.


Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Design , Drug Discovery , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Leishmania/drug effects , Leishmania/parasitology , Leishmania/physiology , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Leishmaniasis/metabolism , Trypanocidal Agents/chemistry , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/drug effects , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/physiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology , Trypanosomiasis, African/metabolism , Trypanosomiasis, African/parasitology
2.
Ars pharm ; 51(supl.2): 88-95, mayo 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88621

ABSTRACT

La implementación de los estudios universitarios al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), se ha regulado en España con la publicación del Real Decreto 1393/2007, que establece la ordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales de Grado, Master y Doctorado. En este contexto, el Ministerio de Educación ya ha aprobado los primeros estudios de Grado en Farmacia adaptados al EEES de algunas universidades españolas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar los planes de estudio de los títulos de Grado en Farmacia que han sido aprobados. Hemos estudiado la planificación de las enseñanzas en cuanto a los Módulos requeridos para la verificación del título oficial, así como otros Módulos propios. También hemos analizado el porcentaje de carga lectiva de las materias en el plan de estudios, atendiendo a su carácter: básicas, obligatorias y optativas. Por último, hemos examinado la selección de las materias que constituyen los módulos. Podemos concluir que los planes de estudio de las universidades analizadas presentan una gran uniformidad en cuanto a los contenidos formativos. La mayor diversidad en la trayectoria curricular tiene lugar en la selección de las asignaturas optativas, así como en los Módulos de carácter humanístico, estos últimos frecuentes en las universidades privadas(AU)


To comply with the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) in Spain, a law was published (RD 1393/2007) which regulates official studies for degrees, masters and doctorates. Several new Pharmacy degrees have been approved by the Ministry for Education according to this law, both in public and private universities. The objective of our work was to analyse these Pharmacy degrees, paying attention to the content of the various modules, as well as to the relative percentage of teaching load within each topic in the curricula according to its nature: basic, obligatory and optional. We can conclude that the degrees of all universities analysed are very homogeneous, particularly in regard to the formative content of the established modules, in accordance to the general guidelines. The greater variation seems to be located in optional subjects as well as in Art and Humanities modules, the latter being quite common in private universities(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Pharmacy/methods , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/methods , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/trends , Education, Pharmacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Faculty/organization & administration , Education, Pharmacy/history , Education, Pharmacy/standards , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/organization & administration , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate/standards
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