Tumor venéreo transmissível canino em laringe com metástase pulmonar / Canine transmissible venereal tumor in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is one of the most common canine neoplasms in Brazil. Lesions develop mainly in the genital tissue and less frequently in other areas, in the extragenital form. Metastasis is rare, and the disease progression depends on the patient’s immune status. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, considered an effective and safe modality. The present work describes the first case of extragenital TVT in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Case: An approximately 4-month-old mixed-breed bitch was attended manifesting acute clinical respiratory signs. The patient had been rescued from the street 2 months beforehand. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and crackling pulmonary auscultation. Thoracic radiography was performed in 3 projections, showing multiple nodules in the lung parenchyma, followed by cytopathological examination using fine needle puncture guided by thoracic ultrasound, confirming the diagnosis of TVT. Considering the cytological finding and the absence of primary tumor lesions in the genital, oral, cutaneous or nasal regions, endoscopy was performed in order to locate a possible primary focus. The exam revealed a small erythematous tumor with smooth and regular surface, measuring approximately 2.5 cm, located in the larynx, between the arytenoid cartilages. Chemotherapy was performed with vincristine sulfate with radiographic follow-up throughout the treatment. Full remission of the pulmonary and laryngeal nodules was achieved at the end of the protocol. The animal remained in complete remission for a period of 2 years. Discussion: TVT is more frequently observed in animals of active reproductive age, and rarely in animals under 1 year of age, as in the case...

Potencial inibitório in vitro de chás comerciais e da quercetina sobre a atividade de acetilcolinesterase cerebral em cães / The inhibitory potential in vitro of commercial teas and quercetin on cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity in dogs

Com o aumento na expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia há um maior aparecimento de doenças neurodegenerativas, como a Disfunção Cognitiva Canina (DCC). A DCC apresenta diversas semelhanças à Doença de Alzheimer (DA) presente em seres humanos. Entre estas semelhanças é possível citar o nível reduzido de acetilcolina, o que justifica a busca por tratamentos que tenham como foco, a inibição da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), enzima responsável pela degradação deste neurotransmissor. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o potencial inibitório dos chás de maçã, de hortelã e de chá verde sobre a atividade de AChE presente em cérebro de cães. O chá verde foi o chá mais eficaz na inibição desta enzima, apresentando uma IC50 de aproximadamente 1.7 mg/mL. A quercetina, flavonol que segundo a literatura está presente no chá verde e ausente nos chás de maçã e hortelã, pode ser um dos constituintes responsáveis por esta inibição. Desta forma, também foi avaliado o potencial anticolinesterásico da quercetina em cérebro canino, obtendo-se uma IC50 de 0,41 mM. Uma vez que a quercetina já tem sido utilizada na medicina veterinária para outros fins, o potencial anticolinesterásico deste flavonol em cérebro canino mostra-se de grande relevância para os estudos da DCC.

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is a neuodegenerative disease with very similar characteristics to humans Alzhemer’s disease. Currently, the increase of pets life expectancy leads to the more frequent appearance of neurodegenerative diseases in these species. Among the main hypotheses for the appearance of CCD has the reduction of acetylcholine levels in the synaptic cleft. This hypothesis justifies many researches that search CCD treatment based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, an acetylcholine degrading enzyme. In this work, inhibitory potential of some commecial teas (apple tea, peppermint tea and green tea) toward brain AChE activity of dogs was evaluated. Green tea is tea more effective to inhibit this enzyme, getting a IC 50 of approximately 1.7 mg / mL. Quercetin, flavonol which according to the literature is present in green tea and absent in apple and peppermint teas, may be one of the molecules that contribute to AChE inhibition. In this way, quercetn anticholinesterase potential in canine brain was also evaluated, obtaining an IC 50 of 0.41 mM. Since quercetin has already been used in veterinary medicine for other fins, the anticholinesterase potential of this flavonol toward canine brain is of great relevance for CCD studies.

Potencial inibitório in vitro de chás comerciais e da quercetina sobre a atividade de acetilcolinesterase cerebral em cães / The inhibitory potential in vitro of commercial teas and quercetin on cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity in dogs

Com o aumento na expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia há um maior aparecimento de doenças neurodegenerativas, como a Disfunção Cognitiva Canina (DCC). A DCC apresenta diversas semelhanças à Doença de Alzheimer (DA) presente em seres humanos. Entre estas semelhanças é possível citar o nível reduzido de acetilcolina, o que justifica a busca por tratamentos que tenham como foco, a inibição da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), enzima responsável pela degradação deste neurotransmissor. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o potencial inibitório dos chás de maçã, de hortelã e de chá verde sobre a atividade de AChE presente em cérebro de cães. O chá verde foi o chá mais eficaz na inibição desta enzima, apresentando uma IC50 de aproximadamente 1.7 mg/mL. A quercetina, flavonol que segundo a literatura está presente no chá verde e ausente nos chás de maçã e hortelã, pode ser um dos constituintes responsáveis por esta inibição. Desta forma, também foi avaliado o potencial anticolinesterásico da quercetina em cérebro canino, obtendo-se uma IC50 de 0,41 mM. Uma vez que a quercetina já tem sido utilizada na medicina veterinária para outros fins, o potencial anticolinesterásico deste flavonol em cérebro canino mostra-se de grande relevância para os estudos da DCC.(AU)

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is a neuodegenerative disease with very similar characteristics to humans Alzhemers disease. Currently, the increase of pets life expectancy leads to the more frequent appearance of neurodegenerative diseases in these species. Among the main hypotheses for the appearance of CCD has the reduction of acetylcholine levels in the synaptic cleft. This hypothesis justifies many researches that search CCD treatment based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, an acetylcholine degrading enzyme. In this work, inhibitory potential of some commecial teas (apple tea, peppermint tea and green tea) toward brain AChE activity of dogs was evaluated. Green tea is tea more effective to inhibit this enzyme, getting a IC 50 of approximately 1.7 mg / mL. Quercetin, flavonol which according to the literature is present in green tea and absent in apple and peppermint teas, may be one of the molecules that contribute to AChE inhibition. In this way, quercetn anticholinesterase potential in canine brain was also evaluated, obtaining an IC 50 of 0.41 mM. Since quercetin has already been used in veterinary medicine for other fins, the anticholinesterase potential of this flavonol toward canine brain is of great relevance for CCD studies.(AU)