Dataset of media practices for informational, educational, and entertainment purposes in Peru: Uses and gratifications approach.

This database consists of the Peruvian media diet in a post-pandemic context. Specifically, it examines how Peruvians define and utilise media to create environments for information, learning, and entertainment. Since the pandemic, the relationship that users have developed with the media has intensified and changed, fostering new uses and interactions. However, our data demonstrates that the Peruvian public maintains a critical role towards mass media (broadcasting model) [1], which motivates them to seek out media and platforms that cater to their interests and expectations. In this regard, we compare three axes of analysis (information, education, and entertainment), taking socio demographic variables, to produce a baseline that is useful for specific research projects. Through a quantitative approach we explored the expectations, decisions, forms of interaction, and satisfactions that users obtain in their relationship with the media, offering new theoretical insights based on emerging data, such as the level of planning in content consumption or the role that traditional media play in different age and socioeconomic groups.

Glioblastoma remodelling of human neural circuits decreases survival.

Gliomas synaptically integrate into neural circuits1,2. Previous research has demonstrated bidirectional interactions between neurons and glioma cells, with neuronal activity driving glioma growth1-4 and gliomas increasing neuronal excitability2,5-8. Here we sought to determine how glioma-induced neuronal changes influence neural circuits underlying cognition and whether these interactions influence patient survival. Using intracranial brain recordings during lexical retrieval language tasks in awake humans together with site-specific tumour tissue biopsies and cell biology experiments, we find that gliomas remodel functional neural circuitry such that task-relevant neural responses activate tumour-infiltrated cortex well beyond the cortical regions that are normally recruited in the healthy brain. Site-directed biopsies from regions within the tumour that exhibit high functional connectivity between the tumour and the rest of the brain are enriched for a glioblastoma subpopulation that exhibits a distinct synaptogenic and neuronotrophic phenotype. Tumour cells from functionally connected regions secrete the synaptogenic factor thrombospondin-1, which contributes to the differential neuron-glioma interactions observed in functionally connected tumour regions compared with tumour regions with less functional connectivity. Pharmacological inhibition of thrombospondin-1 using the FDA-approved drug gabapentin decreases glioblastoma proliferation. The degree of functional connectivity between glioblastoma and the normal brain negatively affects both patient survival and performance in language tasks. These data demonstrate that high-grade gliomas functionally remodel neural circuits in the human brain, which both promotes tumour progression and impairs cognition.

Implementing a Trauma-Informed Approach at a Student-Run Clinic for Individuals Seeking Asylum.

PROBLEM: Health care professionals complete forensic medical evaluations (FMEs) to corroborate evidence of persecution among individuals seeking asylum. Many FMEs are conducted at student-run clinics for individuals seeking asylum (or student-run asylum clinics; SRACs). Trauma-informed care (TIC) recognizes that trauma is pervasive and seeks to mitigate reexposure to trauma in health care interactions. Given that FMEs involve recalling trauma, TIC is an ideal model for supporting the individuals involved in an FME. APPROACH: The authors operationalized TIC principles in an SRAC model (the Human Rights Cooperative) at the University of California, San Francisco. Between April 2019 and April 2022, the SRAC provided 3 to 10 pro bono FMEs per month, as well as community referrals for individuals seeking asylum, clinician and medical student training on FMEs and TIC, and research on FMEs. This report describes the SRAC operations, organized by the 10 implementation domains of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration guidance to organizations for implementing a trauma-informed approach. OUTCOMES: Between April 2019 and April 2022, the SRAC completed 160 FMEs. Sixty-nine clinicians performed FMEs, and 119 first-year medical students participated in the accompanying elective. Qualitative survey responses by clinicians, lawyers, students, and clients (individuals seeking asylum) highlighted the trauma-informed principles of safety; trustworthiness and transparency; empowerment, voice, and choice; peer support; collaboration and mutuality; and cultural, historical, and gender issues. All students who acted as leaders sustained their engagement with the SRAC over time. NEXT STEPS: Future research should use validated tools to assess secondary trauma and resilience within SRACs. The SRAC concept, which engages medical students and experienced clinicians in learning skills that can be used in the pursuit of health justice and equity, should be expanded and supported in U.S. medical schools across the country, which is facing unprecedented levels of migration.

Asylum seeker trauma in a student-run clinic: reducing barriers to forensic medical evaluations.

Introduction This research, through the analysis of the case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), seeks to shed light on the nexus between families of the missing' claims, their agency and State compliance with reparations. The IACtHR has a unique follow-up system in the area of reparations, where victims can directly address the judges during hearings. This paper suggests that victims' participation - before and after the judgment- pervades the legal rigidity of international jurisdictions and contributes to a better understanding of reparations. INTRODUCTION: The number of forcibly displaced immigrants seeking asylum in the United States continues to rapidly increase. Movement from Latin America to the United States was the third-largest migration worldwide in 2017 (Leyva-Flores et al., 2019). As migration patterns change, understanding the background and trauma profile of newly displaced populations is essential to meet their health needs and aid successful resettlement. University-affiliated student-run asylum clinics conduct a growing number of forensic medical evaluations of asylum seekers and provide a vital lens to study changes in this population's profile over time. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of the first 102 asylum seekers receiving forensic medical evaluations between 2019 and 2021 at a university-affiliated student- run clinic, reporting demographics; trauma, medical, and mental health histories; referral patterns; and legal outcomes. Bivariate statistics were used to investigate the relationship between past trauma and mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Clients reported an average of 4.4 different types of physical, psychological, and sexual ill-treatment per person. The current mental health burden was extensive with 86.9 percent of clients reporting symptoms of PTSD and/or depression. Clinician-student teams evaluated clients within a clinic structure deploying a continuous improvement model to reduce common barriers to forensic evaluations and promote longitudinal follow- up and referrals. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates the complexity of trauma exposure reported by asylum seekers, contributes to the evidence on how trauma results in mental health outcomes, and describes trauma-centred clinic adaptations that reduce barriers to forensic evaluations known to improve the rates of legal protection.

Variación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con Síndrome de Apnea Hipopnea Obstructiva del Sueño luego del tratamiento con dispositivo de avance mandibular

Objetivo : Determinar la variación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con Síndrome de Apnea Hipopnea Obstructiva del Sueño leve moderado, luego del tratamiento con Dispositivo de Avance Mandibular a una altitud de 3259 msnm. Métodos : Estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experimental. Se incluyeron sujetos con índice de Disturbio Respiratorio (IDR) entre 5 y 30 /hora (medido con poligrafía respiratoria), sin tratamientos previos, que presentaban condiciones para el uso del DAM. Se valoró calidad de vida con el FOSQ (Functional Outcomes Sleep Questionnaire) antes y después de 45 días de tratamiento con DAM. Resultados: 26 completaron el estudio (20 varones). La media (DE) de edad fue: 43 (9.6) años, IMC: 29 (8.6) kg/m2 e IDR: 19 (7.6) /h. Luego de 45 días, se observaron cambios significativos, en el FOSQ (total, dimensiones de productividad general, producción social, nivel de actividad, vigilia y relaciones íntimas/actividad sexual) p <0.001. La media del IDR descendió de 19 (7.6) a 7 (3.8) (p <0.001), la desaturación mínima de O2 incrementó de 77 % (5.2) a 83 % (3.9) (p <0.001), el T90 descendió de 73 % (15.4) a 31 % (16.6) (p <0.001) y el Epworth disminuyó de 11.2 (4.6) a 6.4 (3.5) (p <0.001). Conclusiones : En pacientes con SAHOS leve moderado el tratamiento con DAM produce mejoría significativa en su calidad de vida, reduce nivel de enfermedad expresado en descenso del IDR, mejora el nivel oxigenación y reduce la somnolencia diurna expresado en disminución del puntaje Epworth.

Objective: To determine the variation of the Quality of Life in patients with mild to moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome, after treatment with the Mandibular Advancement Device at an altitude of 3259 masl. Methods: Prospective, quasi-experimental study. Subjects with respiratory disturbance index (RDI) between 5 and 30 / hour (measured with respiratory polygraphy), without previous treatments, with conditions for the use of MAD were included. The quality of life was assessed with the FOSQ (questionnaire of functional sleep results) before and after 45 days of treatment with MAD. Results: 26 completed the study (20 males). The mean (SD) of the age was 43 (9.6) years, BMI was 29 (8.6) kg / m2, and the RDI was 19 (7.6) / hour. After 45 day, significant changes were observed, with respect to the baseline values, in the FOSQ score (total calculation, general productivity, social outcome, activity level, vigilance and intimate relationships/sexual activity, p <0.001). The mean RDI decreased from 19 (7.6) to 7 (3.8) (p <0.001), the minimum desaturation of O2 increased from 77 (5.2) to 83 (3.9) (p <0.001), the T90 decreased from 73 (15.4) to 31 (16.6) (p <0.001) y Epworth's score decreased from 11.2 (4.6) to 6.4 (3.5) (p <0.001). Conclusions : In patients with mild-moderate OSA, treatment with MAD produces significant improvement in their quality of life, reduces the level of disease expressed in decreased RDI, improves oxygenation level and reduces daytime sleepiness expressed in decreased Epworth score.

The perception of professionals and users of the quality of care and respect for human rights in four outpatient care facilities of an Italian hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, delays in providing medical services, dissatisfaction, criticism toward health workers (HW) and the risk of burnout of HW in Italy have been documented. No studies have contrasted the point of view of HW and users on the quality of care and respect for human rights in health facilities. Objective: To compare the perception of users of their satisfaction with the care provided with the perception of HW of their satisfaction with work as well as the perception of the respect of HW "s and users" human rights. Methods: The "Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire" (WWRR) was administered on a sample of users (142) and HW (154) in four outpatient health care facilities of a hospital in Sardinia, Italy. Results: Users showed higher scores than HW on their satisfaction with the care received (p < 0.0001), the perception of respect for their human rights (p < 0.0001), and availability of resources for care (p < 0.0001). The HW scores were higher than 50% of the maximum in all items, but a relatively low score was reported on the HW's satisfaction of the resources and the respect for their rights. Conclusion: The satisfaction for care and respect for human rights in the outpatient health services was higher than expected. The relatively low score by the HWs in relation to the satisfaction with the resources and perception of respect for their human rights could be a wake-up call. The study does not involve emergency rooms, wards, or Covid units.

Ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary teeth with different base materials: a 2-year randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate as base materials on the clinical and radiographic success of ferric sulfate pulpotomies in primary molars. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Following hemostasis with 15.5% ferric sulfate, 105 teeth were randomly allocated to three groups: Group 1, zinc oxide-eugenol; Group 2, calcium hydroxide; and Group 3, mineral trioxide aggregate. All teeth were restored with stainless-steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS: After 24 months, clinical success rates for Groups 1 to 3 were 97.1% (34/35 teeth), 94.2% (33/35 teeth), and 97.1% (34/35 teeth), respectively (P > .05). Radiographic success rates were 65.7% (23/35 teeth), 65.7% (23/35 teeth), and 77.1% (27/35 teeth), respectively (P > .05). Internal resorption was the most observed radiographic finding (15/105 teeth). CONCLUSIONS: The choice of zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate, as base materials, did not affect the clinical and radiographic success of ferric sulfate pulpotomies in primary teeth.

Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

The aim of this study was to compare users' and mental health workers' (MHW) perception of respect of human rights and job/care satisfaction in mental health services in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of users and MHW of Sardinia, Italy, fulfilled the "Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire" (WWRR). The study included 240 MHW and 200 users. Users showed a higher level of satisfaction of care than MHW of work, and a higher perception of the satisfaction of users and human rights respected for health workers. Both user and MHW responses were about 85% of the maximum score, except for satisfaction with resources. Responses were higher for users, but users and MHW both showed high levels of satisfaction. In previous surveys, MHW of Sardinia showed higher scores in all items of WWRR, except for satisfaction with resources, compared with workers from other health sectors of the same region, and with MHW from other countries. The low score for satisfaction with resources (in users and staff) is consistent with a progressive impoverishment of resources for mental health care in Italy. The study, although confirming the validity of the Italian model, fully oriented towards community, sets off an alarm bell on the risks resulting from the decrease in resources.

An App-Based Mindfulness-Based Self-compassion Program to Support Caregivers of People With Dementia: Participatory Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND: The number of persons with dementia is steadily growing, as is the number of individuals supporting persons with dementia. Primary caregivers of persons with dementia are most often family members or spouses of the persons with dementia, and they are more likely to experience increased stress and other negative effects than individuals who are not primary caregivers. Although in-person support groups have been shown to help buffer the negative impacts of caregiving, some caregivers live in isolated or rural communities and are unable to make the burdensome commitment of traveling to cities. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we developed a mobile smartphone support app designed for primary caregivers of persons with dementia, with the goal of reducing caregiver burden and easing stress. The app features a 12-week intervention, largely rooted in mindfulness-based self-compassion (MBSC), because MBSC has been linked to minimizing stress, depression, and anxiety. OBJECTIVE: The primary objectives of our program are twofold: to explore the feasibility of a 12-week mobile support program and to conduct an initial efficacy evaluation of changes in perceived caregiver burden, coping styles, and emotional well-being of caregivers before and after the program. METHODS: Our feasibility study used a 2-phase participatory pretest and posttest design, focusing on acceptability, demand, practicality, implementation, and efficacy. At phase I, we recruited 57 primary caregivers of persons with dementia (mean age 76.3, SD 12.9 years), comprising spouses (21/57, 37%), children (21/57, 37%), and friends or relatives (15/57, 26%) of persons with dementia, of whom 29 (51%) completed all measures at both pre- and postprogram. The content of the program featured a series of MBSC podcasts. Our primary outcome measure was caregiver burden, with secondary outcome measures including coping styles and emotional well-being. Daily ecological momentary assessments enabled us to ask participants, "How are you feeling today?" Phase II of our study involved semistructured follow-up interviews with most participants (n=21) who completed phase I. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that our app or program meets the feasibility criteria examined. Notably, participants generally accepted the program and believed it could be a useful resource. Emotional well-being increased significantly (P=.04), and emotion-based coping significantly decreased (P=.01). Participants generally considered the app or program to be a helpful resource. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no significant changes in caregiver burden, we were encouraged by the increased emotional well-being of our participants following the completion of our program. We also conclude that our app or program demonstrated feasibility (ie, acceptability, practicality, implementation, and efficacy) and can provide a much-needed resource for primary caregivers of persons with dementia. In the subsequent version of the program, we will respond to participant feedback by incorporating web-based weekly sessions and incorporating an outcome measure of self-compassion.

Principal Component Analysis of the Social and Behavioral Rhythms Scale in elderly.

BACKGROUND: Changes in social and behavioral rhythms (SBR) in the elderly are related to health status. Nevertheless, there is no data on factor analysis of the Brief Social Rhythm Scale (BSRS) an internationally well-known tool in this field. The aim was to analyze, in the elderly, the factorial structure of the Italian version of BSRS.  Design and methods: Principal Component Analysis of the BSRS carried out in elderly living at home. RESULTS: Sample of 141 participants (83 Females, 58,9%), aged 72.3±4.8. All the items of the questionnaire were related and could compose a single factor, explaining 56% of variance. A solution adopting two factors, the first (including items 1,2,3,4,9,10), the second (including items 5,6,7,8), covered cumulatively 78.8% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that the BSRS is consistent with the idea for which it was built and can be useful for the study of the regularity of SBR in old adults.

Systematic morphological and morphometric analysis of identified olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila melanogaster.

The biophysical properties of sensory neurons are influenced by their morphometric and morphological features, whose precise measurements require high-quality volume electron microscopy (EM). However, systematic surveys of nanoscale characteristics for identified neurons are scarce. Here, we characterize the morphology of Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) across the majority of genetically identified sensory hairs. By analyzing serial block-face electron microscopy images of cryofixed antennal tissues, we compile an extensive morphometric data set based on 122 reconstructed 3D models for 33 of the 40 identified antennal ORN types. Additionally, we observe multiple novel features-including extracellular vacuoles within sensillum lumen, intricate dendritic branching, mitochondria enrichment in select ORNs, novel sensillum types, and empty sensilla containing no neurons-which raise new questions pertinent to cell biology and sensory neurobiology. Our systematic survey is critical for future investigations into how the size and shape of sensory neurons influence their responses, sensitivity, and circuit function.

An ammonium transporter is a non-canonical olfactory receptor for ammonia.

Numerous hematophagous insects are attracted to ammonia, a volatile released in human sweat and breath.1-3 Low levels of ammonia also attract non-biting insects such as the genetic model organism Drosophila melanogaster and several species of agricultural pests.4,5 Two families of ligand-gated ion channels function as olfactory receptors in insects,6-10 and studies have linked ammonia sensitivity to a particular olfactory receptor in Drosophila.5,11,12 Given the widespread importance of ammonia to insect behavior, it is surprising that the genomes of most insects lack an ortholog of this gene.6 Here, we show that canonical olfactory receptors are not necessary for responses to ammonia in Drosophila. Instead, we demonstrate that a member of the ancient electrogenic ammonium transporter family, Amt, is likely a new type of olfactory receptor. We report two hitherto unidentified olfactory neuron populations that mediate neuronal and behavioral responses to ammonia in Drosophila. Their endogenous ammonia responses are lost in Amt mutant flies, and ectopic expression of either Drosophila or Anopheles Amt confers ammonia sensitivity. These results suggest that Amt is the first transporter known to function as an olfactory receptor in animals and that its function may be conserved across insect species.

Impact of Personality Disorder Cluster on Depression Outcomes Within Collaborative Care Management Model of Care.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that having a comorbid personality disorder (PD) along with major depression is associated with poorer depression outcomes relative to those without comorbid PD. However, few studies have examined the influence of specific PD cluster types. The purpose of the current study is to compare depression outcomes between cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C PD patients treated within a collaborative care management (CCM), relative to CCM patients without a PD diagnosis. The overarching goal was to identify cluster types that might confer a worse clinical prognosis. METHODS: This retrospective chart review study examined 2826 adult patients with depression enrolled in CCM. The cohort was divided into 4 groups based on the presence of a comorbid PD diagnosis (cluster A/nonspecified, cluster B, cluster C, or no PD). Baseline clinical and demographic variables, along with 6-month follow-up Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were obtained for all groups. Depression remission was defined as a PHQ-9 score <5 at 6 months, and persistent depressive symptoms (PDS) was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10 at 6 months. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were determined for both remission and PDS using logistic regression modeling for the 6-month PHQ-9 outcome, while retaining all study variables. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients (2.1%) had a cluster A or nonspecified PD diagnosis, 122 patients (4.3%) had a cluster B diagnosis, 35 patients (1.2%) had a cluster C diagnosis, and 2610 patients (92.4%) did not have any PD diagnosis. The presence of a cluster A/nonspecified PD diagnosis was associated with a 62% lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.20-0.70). The presence of a cluster B PD diagnosis was associated with a 71% lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.18-0.47). Conversely, having a cluster C diagnosis was not associated with a significantly lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.42-1.65). Increased odds of having PDS at 6-month follow-up were seen with cluster A/nonspecified PD patients (AOR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.92-5.84) as well as cluster B patients (AOR = 3.66; 95% CI 2.45-5.47). However, cluster C patents did not have significantly increased odds of experiencing persistent depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.45-2.00). CONCLUSIONS: Out of the 3 clusters, the presence of a cluster B PD diagnosis was most significantly associated with poorer depression outcomes at 6-month follow-up, including reduced remission rates and increased risk for PDS. The cluster A/nonspecified PD group also showed poor outcomes; however, the heterogeneity of this subgroup with regard to PD features must be noted. The development of novel targeted interventions for at-risk clusters may be warranted in order to improve outcomes of these patients within the CCM model of care.

Evaluación del riesgo de síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño y somnolencia diurna utilizando el cuestionario de Berlín y las escalas Sleep Apnea Clinical Score y Epworth en pacientes con ronquido habitual atendidos en la consulta ambulatoria / Risk assessment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and daytime sleepiness using Berlin questionnaire, and SACS and Epworth scales in outpatients with snoring attending consultation

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de riesgo del Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) en pacientes atendidos en el consultorio externo de neumología de un hospital de referencia en Lima a través de los Cuestionarios de Berlín, Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) y la escala de Epworth. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes atendidos en los consultorios externos de neumología reclutando durante el período de enero a marzo de 2014 en forma prospectiva a aquellos pacientes que referían presentar ronquido habitual. Se determinó la frecuencia de riesgo de SAOS de acuerdo a cada una de las escalas evaluadas y sus factores asociados. Resultados: Se estudiaron 230 sujetos, 56,5% eran varones y el 43,5% mujeres, con una edad media de 50 ± 12 años. El 61,8%, 66,9% y 62,6% tenían riesgo moderado o alto para SAOS de acuerdo a las escalas de Epworth, SACS y Berlin respectivamente. El perímetro de cuello, circunferencia abdominal e índice de masa corporal fueron las características asociadas de manera más consistente con el riesgo de SAOS. La correlación entre las escalas de SACS y Berlin fue de 0,55, entre las escalas SACS y Epworth de 0,22 y entre Berlín y Epworth de 0,35 (p < 0,001 para todas las comparaciones). Conclusiones: El riesgo de SAOS y somnolencia diurna es elevado en pacientes roncadores atendidos en la consulta externa de neumología. Las escalas evaluadas presentan una correlación menor que lo esperada. Se requieren estudios a mayor escala y en población general que comparen el valor diagnóstico y pronóstico de estas escalas utilizando la polisomnografía como estándar de referencia.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of risk for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) through clinical predictors: Berlin Questionnaire, Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) and the degree of daytime sleepiness measured by Epworth scale. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who reported snoring seen by pulmonology in the outpatient clinic between January and March 2014. Frequency of OSA was calculated according to the three clinical prediction rules. We also determine the characteristic associated with a high risk of OSA according to each prediction rule. Results: We recruited 230 participants, 56.5% were male, with a mean age of 50 ± 12 years. The risk of moderate or high risk for OSA was 61.8%, 66.9% and 62.6% according to Epworth somnolence scale, SACS and Berlin questionnaire, respectively. Neck circumference, abdominal circumference and body mass index were the characteristics more consistently associated with OSA risk. Correlation between SACS and Berlin prediction rules was 0.55, between SACS and Epworth scale was 0.22 and between Berlin and Epworth scale was 0.35 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: There is a high risk for OSA among snoring patients attending respiratory outpatient clinic. The correlation between prediction rules evaluated was lower than expected. Larger studies in general populations using polysomnography as a reference standard are needed to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of OSA prediction rules.

Lack of respect, role uncertainty and satisfaction with clinical practice among nursing students: the moderating role of supportive staff.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinical learning placements provide a real-world context where nursing students can acquire clinical skills and the attitudes that are the hallmark of the nursing profession. Nonetheless, nursing students often report dissatisfaction with their clinical placements. The aim of this study was to test a model of the relationship between student's perceived respect, role uncertainty, staff support, and satisfaction with clinical practice. METHOD: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was completed by 278 second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, we tested the moderating role of supportive staff and the mediating role of role uncertainty. RESULTS: We found that lack of respect was positively related to role uncertainty, and this relationship was moderated by supportive staff, especially at lower levels. Also, role uncertainty was a mediator of the relationship between lack of respect and internship satisfaction; lack of respect increased role uncertainty, which in turn was related to minor satisfaction with clinical practice. CONCLUSION: This study explored the experience of nursing students during their clinical learning placements. Unhealthy placement environments, characterized by lack of respect, trust, and support increase nursing students' psychosocial risks, thus reducing their satisfaction with their clinical placements. Due to the current global nursing shortage, our results may have important implications for graduate recruitment, retention of young nurses, and professional progression.

Prevalencia y causas de ceguera en Perú: encuesta nacional / National survey on the prevalence and causes of blindness in Peru

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en adultos de Perú y precisar sus causas, evaluar la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios de cirugía de catarata y determinar las barreras que impiden acceder a esos servicios. MÉTODOS: Estudio poblacional transversal con muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado en dos pasos de personas de 50 años o más, representativo de todo el país, mediante la metodología estándar de la Evaluación Rápida de Ceguera Evitable. Se midió la agudeza visual y se examinó el cristalino y el polo posterior por oftalmoscopía directa. Se calculó la cobertura de cirugía de catarata y se evaluó su calidad, además de las causas de tener una agudeza visual < 20/60 y las barreras para acceder a ese tratamiento. RESULTADOS:Se examinaron 4 849 personas. La prevalencia de ceguera fue 2,0% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 1,5-2,5%). La catarata fue la causa principal de ceguera (58,0%), seguida por el glaucoma (13,7%) y la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (11,5%). Los errores de refracción no corregidos fueron la principal causa de deficiencia visual moderada (67,2%). La cobertura de cirugía de catarata fue de 66,9%, y 60,5% de los ojos operados de catarata logró una AV ≥ 20/60 con la corrección disponible. Las principales barreras para someterse a la cirugía de catarata fueron el alto costo (25,9%) y no saber que el tratamiento es posible (23,8%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en Perú es similar a la de otros países latinoamericanos. La baja cobertura de cirugía de catarata y el envejecimiento poblacional indican que para aumentar el acceso a estos servicios se debe mejorar la educación de la población en salud ocular y la capacidad resolutiva de los servicios oftalmológicos y de cirugía de catarata, y reducir su costo.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among adults in Peru and to determine their causes, to evaluate the coverage and quality of the cataract surgical services and to investigate the barriers that inhibit access to these services. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study with two-stage random cluster sampling of individuals of ≥ 50 years old, representative of the entire country, using the standard methodology of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness. Visual acuity was assessed and the condition of the lens and posterior pole examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Cataract surgical coverage was calculated. Its quality, as well as the causes of visual acuity < 20/60 and the barriers to accessing surgical treatment were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 4 849 people were examined. Blindness prevalence was 2.0% (confidence interval of 95%: 1.5-2.5%). The main causes of blindness were cataract (58.0%), glaucoma (13.7%) and age-related macular degeneration (11.5%). Uncorrected refraction errors were the principal cause of moderate visual impairment (67.2%). Cataract surgical coverage was 66.9%. 60.5% of the eyes operated for cataracts achieved a visual acuity ≥ 20/60 with available correction. The main barriers to cataract surgery were the high cost (25.9%) and people being unaware that treatment was possible (23.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Peru is similar to that of other Latin American countries. Given the low cataract surgical coverage and the aging of the population, access to the services could be improved by increasing the population education on eye health and the response capacity of the ophthalmological and cataract surgical services, and by reducing the costs of the latter.

[National survey on the prevalence and causes of blindness in Peru]. / Prevalencia y causas de ceguera en Perú: encuesta nacional.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among adults in Peru and to determine their causes, to evaluate the coverage and quality of the cataract surgical services and to investigate the barriers that inhibit access to these services. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study with two-stage random cluster sampling of individuals of ≥ 50 years old, representative of the entire country, using the standard methodology of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness. Visual acuity was assessed and the condition of the lens and posterior pole examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Cataract surgical coverage was calculated. Its quality, as well as the causes of visual acuity < 20/60 and the barriers to accessing surgical treatment were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 4 849 people were examined. Blindness prevalence was 2.0% (confidence interval of 95%: 1.5-2.5%). The main causes of blindness were cataract (58.0%), glaucoma (13.7%) and age-related macular degeneration (11.5%). Uncorrected refraction errors were the principal cause of moderate visual impairment (67.2%). Cataract surgical coverage was 66.9%. 60.5% of the eyes operated for cataracts achieved a visual acuity ≥ 20/60 with available correction. The main barriers to cataract surgery were the high cost (25.9%) and people being unaware that treatment was possible (23.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Peru is similar to that of other Latin American countries. Given the low cataract surgical coverage and the aging of the population, access to the services could be improved by increasing the population education on eye health and the response capacity of the ophthalmological and cataract surgical services, and by reducing the costs of the latter.

Pitiriasis rubra pilaris clásica juvenil: reporte de un caso / Classic juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris: a case report

La pitiriasis rubra es una dermatosis inflamatoria rara de causa desconocido. Se clasifica en cinco tipos basado en la edad de inicio, curso clínico, características morfológicas y pronóstico. En la población pediátrica el tipo III o clásico juvenil es el segundo en frecuencia. Se caracteriza por hiperqueratosis folicular, la que puede acompañarse de queratodermia palmoplantar y alteraciones ungueales. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón, de nueve años de edad con pitiriasis rubra pilaris clásica juvenil en tratamiento con acitretina, con buena respuesta clínica...

Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown cause. It is classified into five types bases on age of onset, clinical course, morphology and prognosis. In pediatric population classic juvenile or type III is the second most common type. It is characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, which may be associated with palmoplantar keratoderma and nail changes. We present the case of a 9-years-old male patient with classic juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris successfully treated with acitretin...