Results of hatching and rearing broiler chickens in different incubation systems.

Hatchery efficiency is based on hatchability and the number of salable chicks. The hatchery sector has been seeking new alternatives to optimize production rates, including the use of different systems (multistage [MS] or single-stage [SS] machines) to improve incubation conditions. The present study aimed to compare results for hatchability, chick quality, and broiler performance of chicks from 2 incubator systems-MS and SS. The experimental design for hatchability, hatch window, egg weight loss, and chick performance variables was completely randomized with 2 treatments (MS and SS). Performance variables were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (incubator type x chick sex). Egg weight loss between incubation and transfer was higher for eggs incubated in MS (P < 0.05). Hatchability was higher for eggs incubated in SS (P < 0.05), and chicks in SS had a longer hatch window (P < 0.05). Embryo diagnosis revealed higher final mortality for embryos incubated in MS (P < 0.05), as well as higher percentages of alive and dead pipped and cracked eggs (P < 0.05). Physical quality was better for chicks from SS (P < 0.05). There was no interaction between the studied factors for performance results (P > 0.05). Incubator type did not affect broiler performance for any of the studied ages (P > 0.05), whereas male broilers had better performance than females (P < 0.05). The SS incubation system proved better than the MS system at meeting embryo requirements during embryo development, with better hatching rates and chick quality, although performance variables were not influenced by incubation type.

Assessing health, quality of life and urogenital function in a sample of the Swedish general population: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the urinary, bowel and sexual function as well as stress symptoms and depression in a sample of the Swedish population. DESIGN: A random sample of Swedish men and women in age groups from 30 to 89 years, a total of 3000 individuals, were contacted and after receiving informed consent, a questionnaire was sent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of urinary, bowel, sexual function and quality of life. RESULTS: The questionnaire was sent to 2094 individuals who gave informed consent. The questionnaire was answered by 1078 individuals. Quality of life, stress symptoms and depressed mood were relatively constant across age groups for both men and women. Urinary function differed significantly across gender and age groups, but bowel function was relatively unaffected by age. Overall bowel dysfunction was slightly more prevalent among women compared with men. For both men and women, the frequency of intercourse or other sexual activities decreased with age, whereas sexually associated distress increased by age in men, but decreased among women. CONCLUSIONS: In a general population, the urinary function varied across age and sex. Overall bowel dysfunction was slightly more prevalent among women compared with men. Sexually associated distress increased by age for men, but decreased for women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02392923; Results.

Treatment of acute diverticulitis laparoscopic lavage vs. resection (DILALA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Perforated diverticulitis is a condition associated with substantial morbidity. Recently published reports suggest that laparoscopic lavage has fewer complications and shorter hospital stay. So far no randomised study has published any results. METHODS: DILALA is a Scandinavian, randomised trial, comparing laparoscopic lavage (LL) to the traditional Hartmann's Procedure (HP). Primary endpoint is the number of re-operations within 12 months. Secondary endpoints consist of mortality, quality of life (QoL), re-admission, health economy assessment and permanent stoma. Patients are included when surgery is required. A laparoscopy is performed and if Hinchey grade III is diagnosed the patient is included and randomised 1:1, to either LL or HP. Patients undergoing LL receive > 3L of saline intraperitoneally, placement of pelvic drain and continued antibiotics. Follow-up is scheduled 6-12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. A QoL-form is filled out on discharge, 6- and 12 months. Inclusion is set to 80 patients (40+40). DISCUSSION: HP is associated with a high rate of complication. Not only does the primary operation entail complications, but also subsequent surgery is associated with a high morbidity. Thus the combined risk of treatment for the patient is high. The aim of the DILALA trial is to evaluate if laparoscopic lavage is a safe, minimally invasive method for patients with perforated diverticulitis Hinchey grade III, resulting in fewer re-operations, decreased morbidity, mortality, costs and increased quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: British registry (ISRCTN) for clinical trials ISRCTN82208287http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN82208287.

Desenvolvimento folicular de embriões de frangos de corte de diferentes genótipos expostos ao estresse térmico crônico / Folicular development of chicken broiler embryos of different genotypes, exposed to chronic thermal stress

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações tegumentares (morfogênese da pena), em embriões de frangos de corte de linhagens de diferentes padrões de crescimento, obtidos de ovos incubados sob diferentes temperaturas. Os ovos foram obtidos de matrizes das linhagens Cobb 500 e ISA JA57, distribuídos proporcionalmente em três incubadoras. Do primeiro (D1) ao sexto dia (D6) de incubação, utilizou-se uma temperatura padrão (37,8°C). A partir do sétimo dia (D7) e até o momento do nascimento aos 21 dias (D21), uma das incubadoras teve a temperatura reduzida para 36,8°C (fria) e uma outra alterada para 38,8°C (quente). A terceira incubadora foi mantida a 37,8°C (controle). O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (temperatura de incubação e linhagem). A temperatura de incubação e a linhagem não alteraram a densidade dos folículos da pena (número médio de folículos por área de 337,5µm²) nas regiões femural e dorsopélvica dos embriões até os 11 dias (D11). Entretanto, observou-se aumento na densidade folicular na região dorsal dos embriões aos 16 dias (D16) devido ao aumento da temperatura, permanecendo até o momento do nascimento. É possível oncluirque embriões incubados em temperatura acima da recomendada (38,8°C) apresentam uma maior densidade de folículos na região dorsopélvica. Apesar disso, a morfogênese dos folículos permaneceu inalterada.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the tegument modification (feather morphogenesis) in embryos of broiler chicken, of different growth standard breeder lines, obtained from eggs incubated under different temperatures. Eggs of Cobb 500 and ISA JA57 breeders lines, were proportionally distributed in three incubators. From the first (D1) to the sixth day (D6) of incubation, temperature was maintained standard at 37.8°C. From the seventh day (D7) until the moment of the birth on the twenty one days (D21), temperature was reduced to 36.8°C (Cold) in one of the incubators, and in another incubator was increased to 38.8°C (Hot). The temperature in the third incubator was maintained at 37.8°C (Control). It was used a completely randomized design with factorial 3 x 2 (temperature of incubation and breeder lines). Incubation temperature and breeder factor do not modify the follicular density of the feather (average number of follicles per area of 337.5µm²) in the femoral and dorsal tract of until eleven days (D11) embryos. An increase of follicular density in the dorsal region of sixteen days (D16) embryos was observed, because the temperature increased, of the remaining until the moment of birth, demonstrating that embryos incubated above the recommended temperature (38.8°C) present higher follicles density in the dorsal tract. However, follicles morphogenesis remained unaltered.

Empenamento, níveis hormonais de triiodotironina e tiroxina e temperatura corporal de frangos de corte de diferentes genótipos criados em diferentes condições de temperatura / Feathering, triiodothyronine and thyroxine plasma levels and body temperature of two broiler lines raised under different temperatures

Estudou-se o empenamento, os níveis hormonais de Triiodotironina (T3) e Tiroxina (T4) e a temperatura corporal de frangos criados em diferentes temperaturas. Foram alojados 180 pintainhos Cobb 500 e 180 pintainhos ISA Label JA57, em temperaturas termoneutra, quente ou fria. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, em modelo fatorial 2 x 3 (2 linhagens e 3 temperaturas) com 8 repetições. Houve um aumento das concentrações de T3, nas aves criadas no frio, e uma redução no calor. Também no calor, os frangos ISA Label apresentaram níveis mais altos de T4. As aves Cobb apresentaram uma redução de T4 no calor ou no frio aos 42 dias e no calor aos 21 dias de idade. Houve menor empenamento aos 42 dias, quando os frangos foram criados em alta temperatura e um menor empenamento das aves ISA Label, quando comparadas aos frangos Cobb. As aves criadas no calor apresentaram maior temperatura corporal. Os frangos Cobb apresentaram um aumento na sua temperatura interna, quando criados em ambiente quente. Já os frangos da linhagem ISA Label mantiveram sua temperatura interna, independentemente da temperatura ambiente. É possível concluir que a temperatura ambiente afeta o empenamento dos frangos de corte de linhagens de rápido ganho de peso, que também apresentaram menor tolerância ao calor, demonstrada através de uma maior temperatura corporal e temperatura interna.

Expression of heat shock protein in broiler embryo tissues after acute cold or heat stress.

This study evaluated the expression of heat shock protein 70 kD (hsp70) in broiler chicken embryos subjected to cold (Experiment I) or high incubation temperature (Experiment II). In each experiment, fertile eggs were distributed in three incubators kept at 37.8 degrees C. At day 13 (D13), D16, and D19 of incubation, the embryos were subjected to acute cold (32 degrees C) or heat (40 degrees C) for 4-6 hr. Immediately after cold or heat exposure, samples from the liver, heart, breast muscle, brain, and lungs of 40 embryos were taken per age and treatment (control or stressed embryos). A tissue pool from 10 embryos was used as 1 replication. The levels of hsp70 in each tissue sample was quantified by Western blot analysis. The data were analyzed in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. hsp70 was detected in all embryo tissues, and the brain contained 2- to 5-times more hsp70 protein compared to the other tissues in either cold or heat stressed embryos. hsp70 increases were observed in the heart and breast muscle of cold stressed embryos at D16 and D19, respectively. Heat stressed embryos showed an increase of hsp70 in the heart at D13 and D19, and in the lung at D19 of incubation. Younger embryos had higher hsp70 synthesis than older embryos, irrespective of the type of thermal stressor. The results indicate that the expression of hsp70 in broiler chicken embryos is affected by cold and heat distress, and is tissue- and age-dependent.

Efeito da linhagem e da raçäo sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte e rendimento de carcaça / Strain and ration effects the performance and carcass yield of broilers

O experimento foi realizado na FMVZ, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, com o objetivo de se conhecer o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de três linhagens comerciais de frangos de corte alimentados com dois níveis energéticos na raçäo. Foram utilizados 1.200 pintos de um dia, sexados, em um delineamento completamente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três linhagens e duas raçöes) com 4 repetiçöes de 50 aves por parcela. No período 1-49 dias, foi constatado que a raçäo de maior nível energético proporcionou maior ganho de peso e consumo de raçäo. Näo foram observadas diferenças significaticas (P>0,05) na conversäo alimentar entre as raçöes. O consumo de raçäo e a conversäo alimentar foram influenciadas significativamente pelos efeitos de linhagem (P>0,05), em que a linhagem C apresentou menor consumo e conversäo alimentar que a B, sendo que a A näo diferiu das demais. Näo foram verificados efeitos significativos de linhagem (P>0,05) sobre o rendimento de carcaça e percentagem de cortes principais