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1.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 52(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559860

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las características de los donantes de sangre pueden variar entre centros de hemoterapia y pueden relacionarse con la seropositividad de marcadores infecciosos. Objetivo: Relacionar la seropositividad de marcadores infecciosos con los factores demográficos de los donantes de sangre peruanos. Métodos: Estudio observacional en los bancos de sangre del hospital nacional Cayetano Heredia y el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el año 2019. La población la conformaron los 11 936 donantes que fueron tamizados para 7 agentes infecciosos según el Programa Nacional de Hemoterapia y Banco de Sangre. Se usó la prueba de correlación de Pearson para determinar la asociación entre las variables demográficas con los marcadores infecciosos. Resultados: Del total 8449 (70,8 %) fueron varones y el grupo etario de 35 a 55 años fue el más frecuente en ambos hospitales (~ 44,5 %). La mayoría de donantes procedían de la costa (4944; 41,4 %), aunque en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia hubo 734 (8,9 %) de la selva. La seropositividad fue de 507 (4,25 %) donaciones; los más frecuentes fueron el antígeno del core del virus de Hepatitis B, los anticuerpos contra el virus linfotrópico de células T humanas 1-2, y sífilis, con 51,2 %, 16,8 % y 14,9 %, respectivamente. La seropositividad de los marcadores infecciosos se asoció con factores demográficos como la edad, sexo y lugar de procedencia (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre los factores demográficos con la seropositividad de los marcadores infecciosos en donantes peruanos.


Introduction: The characteristics of blood donors may vary between hemotherapy centers and may be related to the seropositivity of infectious markers. Objective: To related the seropositivity of infectious markers with the demographic factors of Peruvian blood donors. Methods: Observational in the blood banks of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia and the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal during 2019. The population consisted of 11,936 donors who were screened for the seven infectious agents according to the National Hemotherapy and Blood Bank Program. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the association between demographic variables and infectious markers. Results: Of the total, 8,449 (70.8%) were male and the age group from 35 to 55 years was the most frequent in both hospitals (~ 44.5%). Most donors came from the coast (4,944; 41.4 %), although at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital, there were 734 (8.9%) from the jungle. Seropositivity was 507 (4.25%) donations, then most frequent was Hepatitis B virus core antigen, antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1-2, and syphilis, with 51.2%, 16.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. Seropositivity of infectious markers was associated with demographic factors such as age, gender, and place of origin (p< 0.05). Conclusions: There is a relationship between demographic factors with the seropositivity of infectious markers in Peruvian donors.

2.
Medwave ; 22(10): e2589, 2022 Nov 07.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36427327

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent malignant disease in the Peruvian female population, and the Papanicolaou test is its main screening tool. However, the COVID-19 pandemic can hinder cervical cancer screening, reducing its scope. Objective: To analyze the decline of Papanicolaou-based cervical cancer screening due to COVID-19 in a specialized hospital in Lima. Methods: We designed a retrospective study (from 2015 to 2020) on 355 029 Papanicolaou smears at the Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to define differences in the study period and Ljung-Box test with ARIMA (1,0,0) model to describe and forecast monthly expected Papanicolaou smears for 2020. Results: Throughout the six years of the study, the average Papanicolaou smears was 59 171.5 ± 8898.7 per year. However, in 2020 only 16 273 (4.58%) Papanicolaou tests were performed with a monthly mean of 1356.1 ± 684.2 (95% confidence interval 149.7 to 2861.9) (p < 0.001). The forecast showed 66 960 Papanicolaou smears for 2020 and a monthly mean of 5580 ± 129.3. Actual screenings during that year were only 16 273 Papanicolaou smears, resulting in a 76.7% reduction in cervical cancer screening during the pandemic. Conclusions: Our results suggest a dramatic decrease in cervical cancer screening based on Papanicolaou smears during 2020 in Peru due to prevention and control measures against COVID-19.


Introducción: El cáncer de cuello uterino es la segunda neoplasia más frecuente en la población femenina peruana y la prueba de Papanicolau es la principal estrategia de cribado. Sin embargo, la pandemia de COVID-19 puede bloquear el tamizaje cervicovaginal pudiendo reducir su alcance. Objetivo: Analizar el declive del cribado de cáncer de cuello uterino basado en la prueba de Papanicolaou, debido a COVID-19 en un hospital especializado de Lima. Métodos: Diseñamos un estudio retrospectivo (de 2015 a 2020) en 355 029 pruebas de Papanicolau en el Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé. Se utilizó la prueba T y ANOVA para definir las diferencias en el periodo del estudio y la prueba de Ljung-Box con modelo ARIMA (1,0,0) para describir y pronosticar mensualmente las pruebas de Papanicolau esperadas para el año 2020. Resultados: Durante los seis años del estudio el promedio fue de 59 171,5 ± 8898,7 pruebas de Papanicolau por año. Sin embargo, en 2020 solo se realizaron 16 273 (4,58%) pruebas de Papanicolau con una media mensual de 1356,1 ± 684,2 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 149,7 a 2861,9) (p < 0,001). El pronóstico mostró 66 960 pruebas de Papanicolau para el año 2020 y una media mensual de 5580 ± 129,3. Los tamizajes reales durante ese año fueron solamente de 16 273 pruebas de Papanicolau , generando un 76,7% de reducción del tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: Conclusiones.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Early Detection of Cancer , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , COVID-19/diagnosis , Peru/epidemiology , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies
3.
Rev Esp Sanid Penit ; 24(2): 56-65, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36256557

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to verify the strength of association of depression as a comorbidity of diabetes with the presence of six types of disability in the elderly in prison. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional association study based on a secondary analysis of the 2016 Peru National Penitentiary Census. The population were older adults, who were held in prisons in Peru. Inmates 60 years of age or older, and both sexes were included. The response variables were the six types of permanent disability. The exposure variables were the self-report of diabetes, depression and the comorbidity of depression with diabetes diagnosed by a health professional. The sample was constituted by 2. 658 older adults. RESULTS: There was an increase in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbid diabetes with depression (p <0.05). The measure of greatest strength of association is for the disability to relate OR(a) 10.23, followed by the disability to move OR(a) 6.12 and the lowest strength of association found was for the hearing impairment OR(a) 2.80. DISCUSSION: A significant increase was found in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbid diabetes with depression compared to suffering from only one of these conditions or not suffering from them.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Prisoners , Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prisons , Depression/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
4.
Microbiol Spectr ; 10(5): e0118722, 2022 10 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35972275

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large GBS outbreak in Peru. In this study, 26 C. jejuni strains belonging to the ST-2293, obtained from 2019 to 2020, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Five low-quality sequences were removed using bioinformatics, and 21 genomes (17 clinical strains and 4 chicken strains) were considered in the phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Phylogenetic reconstruction, including genomes from international databases, showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 was detected in Amazon strains recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken C. jejuni strains indicated chicken as one of the probable reservoirs. Finally, comparative genomics revealed differences between Chinese and Peruvian strains, including the presence of a prophage inserted into the genome. In conclusion, C. jejuni ST-2993 strains recovered from the GBS outbreak are closely related to Peruvian Amazon strains. Moreover, ST-2993 has been circulated in Peru since 2003 in the Peruvian Amazonia, showing the necessity to reinforce the epidemiological surveillance of C. jejuni to improve the prevention and control of future GBS outbreaks. IMPORTANCE This article describes the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) outbreak in Peru, sequencing several strains recovered from GBS patients and chickens from 2019 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 strains were detected in isolates recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken strains indicated those animals as a probable reservoir. This information will help to understand the real situation of GBS in Peru and its causal agent, C. jejuni ST-2993, showing the necessity to increase epidemiological tracking of these kinds of pathogens to detect them and avoid GBS outbreaks in the future.


Subject(s)
Campylobacter Infections , Campylobacter jejuni , Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Humans , Animals , Campylobacter jejuni/genetics , Peru/epidemiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Phylogeny , Chickens , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/epidemiology , Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology , Gangliosides , Disease Outbreaks
5.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 24(2): 59-69, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-211191

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la fuerza de asociación de la comorbilidad depresión-diabetes con la presenciade seis tipos de discapacidad en el adulto mayor en prisión.Material y método: Estudio transversal de asociación cruzada en base a un análisis del Censo Nacional Penitenciario Perú 2016.La población de estudio fueron adultos mayores recluidos en establecimientos penitenciarios del Perú. Se incluyó a reclusos de60 años de edad o más, de ambos sexos. Las variables de respuesta fueron seis tipos de discapacidad permanente. Las variables deexposición fueron: tener diabetes, tener depresión y tener la comorbilidad depresión-diabetes diagnosticadas por un profesionalde la salud. La muestra quedó constituida por 2.658 adultos mayores.Resultados: Se encontró que la presencia de comorbilidad depresión-diabetes aumenta la posibilidad de presentar las seis discapacidades respecto a no presentar estas condiciones (p <0,05). La mayor fuerza de asociación se presentó la variable de discapacidad para relacionarse, con una razón de posibilidades [odds ratio (OR)] (c, crudo) de 10,23, seguida de la discapacidad paramoverse, con OR(a, ajustado) de 6,12. La menor fuerza de asociación encontrada fue para la discapacidad auditiva, con OR(a)de 2,80.Discusión: Se encontró un incremento importante de la probabilidad de presentar las seis discapacidades analizadas, debido a lapresencia de la comorbilidad depresión-diabetes en comparación con padecer solo alguna de estas condiciones o no padecerlas. (AU)


Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify the strength of association of depression as a comorbidity of diabeteswith the presence of six types of disability in the elderly in prison.Material and method: Cross-sectional association study based on a secondary analysis of the 2016 Peru National PenitentiaryCensus. The population were older adults, who were held in prisons in Peru. Inmates 60 years of age or older, and both sexeswere included. The response variables were the six types of permanent disability. The exposure variables were the self-reportof diabetes, depression and the comorbidity of depression with diabetes diagnosed by a health professional. The sample wasconstituted by 2. 658 older adults.Results: There was an increase in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbiddiabetes with depression (p <0.05). The measure of greatest strength of association is for the disability to relate OR(a) 10.23,followed by the disability to move OR(a) 6.12 and the lowest strength of association found was for the hearing impairment OR(a) 2.80. Discussion: A significant increase was found in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbid diabetes with depression compared to suffering from only one of these conditions or not suffering from them... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Depression , Diabetes Mellitus , Aging , Prisons , Patients , Comorbidity
6.
Rev. colomb. quím. (Bogotá) ; 50(3): 3-9, Sep.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388981

ABSTRACT

Abstract Grape seed oil, which is usually extracted with highly toxic organic solvents that are harmful to human health, is produced from tons of grape pomace waste, generated during winemaking. Sometimes, this waste is used to make compost or is burnt, which causes environmental contamination. The functional qualities, antioxidant capacity (AC), α-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds content (TPC) of Black Borgoña (Vitis labrusca) grape seed oil, extracted by supercritical CO2, were evaluated. The high content of linoleic acid (ω-6) and monounsaturated fatty acids contributed to the beneficial effect on the functional quality indices, which were 0.20, 0.23, 11.80 for IA, IT and H:H, respectively. In addition, a POV of 6.23 ± 0.08 milliequivalents of peroxide/kg oil and an anisidine index of 2.70 ± 0.05 indicated a good quality oil. Also, a high concentration of a-tocopherol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g oil) and a high TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg GAE/kg oil) were obtained. This study demonstrated that supercritical CO2 extraction is a suitable method for the delivery of a high-quality grape seed oil.


Resumen El aceite de semilla de uva que generalmente se extrae con disolventes orgánicos altamente tóxicos y perjudiciales para la salud humana, se produce a partir de toneladas de residuos de orujo de uva, generados durante la elaboración del vino. A veces, estos residuos se utilizan para hacer compost o se queman, lo que provoca la contaminación del medio ambiente. Se evaluaron las cualidades funcionales, la capacidad antioxidante (AC), el contenido de a-tocoferol y los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) del aceite de semilla de uva Borgoña Negra (Vitis labrusca), extraído mediante CO2 supercrítico. El alto contenido de ácido linoleico (ω-6) y de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados contribuyó al efecto beneficioso sobre los índices de calidad funcional que fueron de 0.20, 0.23, ''.80 para IA, IT y H:H, respectivamente. Además, un POV de 6.23 ± 0.08 miliequivalentes de peróxido/ kg de aceite y un índice de anisidina de 2.70 ± 0.05 indicaban una buena calidad del aceite. También se obtuvo una alta concentración de α-tocoferol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g de aceite) y un alto TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg de GAE/ kg de aceite). Este estudio demostró que la extracción con CO2 supercrítico es un método adecuado para obtener un aceite de semilla de uva de alta calidad.


Resumo O óleo de semente de uva é geralmente extraído com solventes orgânicos altamente tóxicos que são prejudiciais à saúde humana, é produzido a partir de toneladas de resíduos de bagaço de uva, gerados durante a vinificação. Às vezes, esses resíduos são usados para fazer adubo ou são queimados, o que causa contaminação ambiental. Foram avaliadas as qualidades funcionais, capacidade antioxidante (AC), a-tocoferol e o teor total de compostos fenólicos (TPC) do óleo de semente de uva Borgoña Negra (Vitis labrusca), extraído por CO2 supercrítico. O alto teor de ácido linoleico (ω-6) e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados contribuiu para o efeito benéfico sobre os índices de qualidade funcional que foram 0.20, 0.23, 11.80 para IA, IT e H:H, respectivamente. Além disso, um POV de 6.23 ± 0.08 miliequivalentes de peróxido/ kg de óleo e um índice de anisidina de 2.70 ± 0.05 indicava uma boa qualidade de óleo. Também foi obtida uma alta concentração de α-tocoferol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g de óleo) e um alto TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg de óleo GAE/ kg). Este estudo mostrou que a extração de CO2 supercrítico é um método adequado para a entrega de um óleo de semente de uva de alta qualidade.

7.
Medwave ; 21(7): e8452, 2021 Aug 27.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34519721

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt a Peruvian version of the brief scale to assess psychological violence in health professionals (EVP-salud), exploring its validity and reliability properties. METHODS: We made a cross-sectional study of psychometric evaluation conducted between January 2019 and February 2020. It involved the voluntary and anonymous participation of 316 health professionals and administrative workers from 17 health centers in Peru, who were administered the 22-item psychological violence scale. In addition, three other instruments were used to assess convergent and discriminative validity. RESULTS: In contrast to other findings using similar instruments, the item composition of the abbreviated psychological violence scale converges on three components that assess isolation, intimidation, and belittling violence. This validation provides evidence of good fit in criterion and construct, explaining 66.7% of the accumulated variance and up to 54.3% when the final version is reduced to 13 items and three factors. The data reflect a high inverse association between psychological violence and intrinsic job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The empirical results indicate psychometric properties of the instrument, with strong support in the validity and appropriate reliability according to the internal consistency indexes.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar una versión peruana de la escala breve para evaluar la violencia psicológica en profesionales sanitarios (EVP-salud), explorando sus propiedades de validez y de fiabilidad. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de evaluación psicométrica. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero de 2019 y febrero de 2020. En él participaron en forma voluntaria y anónima 316 profesionales de la salud y trabajadores administrativos de 17 centros sanitarios del país, a quienes se aplicó la escala de violencia psicológica de 22 reactivos. Además, se administraron otros tres instrumentos para evaluar la validez convergente y discriminativa. RESULTADOS: En contraste con los hallazgos reportados para instrumentos similares, la composición de ítems de la escala abreviada de violencia psicológica converge en tres componentes que evalúan la violencia de aislamiento, de intimidación y de desprestigio. La validación abordada proporciona evidencias con buen ajuste, tanto de criterio como de constructo, que explican el 66,7% de la varianza acumulada y hasta 54,3%, aproximadamente, al reducirse la versión final a 13 reactivos y tres factores. Los datos reflejan una alta asociación inversa entre la violencia psicológica y la satisfacción laboral intrínseca. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados empíricos indican propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, con fuerte apoyo en la validez y apropiada fiabilidad, según los índices de consistencia interna.


Subject(s)
Health Personnel/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Workplace Violence/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Language , Peru , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Translations , Workplace Violence/psychology
8.
F1000Res ; 10: 848, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35814631

ABSTRACT

Background: Cytological samples are cleared with xylene in two or three baths during a Pap test, however, this solvent has a high degree of toxicity, and being a controlled reagent infers high costs for its purchase and implications for environmental pollution. We estimated the impact of xylene during the Pap test in terms of the number of liters and cost of two baths of xylene, and also estimated the impact with three baths  Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in four hospitals of EsSalud in Peru in two stages. First, the analysis of the impact due to the use of two baths of xylene was conducted during the period 2015-2019, and second, the estimates were calculated based on the assumption of three baths of xylene for the years 2020-2025. The assumption was based on the recommendations of the 2018 EsSalud cytology guideline. The monthly amount of xylene was ~10 liters per bath/month and the cost per liter was estimated at 8.13 USD (27 soles).  Results: For the staining of 594,898 cytology tests, 7,848 liters of xylene were necessary, resulting in a cost of 60,861 USD (202,068 soles) during the period 2015-2019. The estimates showed a maximum assumption of 9,483 liters and 77,110 USD (256,040 soles) for the use of three baths of xylene in the four EsSalud hospitals (p = 0.0025) during the period 2020-2025.   Conclusions: We determined that there was a high economic impact of using xylene with two baths from 2015 to 2019 and a dramatic increase in costs with the possible use of three baths of xylene in the Pap test for the following five years.


Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Xylenes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Environmental Pollution , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Peru , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis
10.
Rev. colomb. quím. (Bogotá) ; 48(2): 21-26, mayo-ago. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013965

ABSTRACT

Resumen Después de la cosecha del fruto chirimoya, los árboles liberan enormes cantidades de hojas, las cuales son quemadas por los agricultores. Este trabajo muestra que las hojas pueden ser usadas para nuestro beneficio como antioxidante. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos (CF) y la actividad antioxidante (AA) de los extractos de la hoja seca de Annona cherimola Mill en etanol al 70% v/v, agua a 80 °C, y agua subcrítica (AS) a 110, 120 y 130 °C, siguiendo un diseño factorial con el programa Minitab. Los CF se cuantificaron con la metodología de Folin Ciocalteu y la AA con el 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y con el poder antioxidante reductor del hierro (FRAP). Los resultados indicaron que el tipo de solvente y el tiempo de extracción presentaron un efecto significativo en el contenido de CF y AA de los extractos. Se concluyó que el extracto de hoja de chirimoya es un potencial antioxidante. El extracto de AS a 130 °C presentó el mayor contenido de CF (5,6 g EAG/100 g de hoja seca) y el extracto etanólico presentó mayor AA (0,86 mg equivalente trolox/mg extracto seco; IC50=0,020 mg de extracto seco/mL de extracto de hoja seca y FRAP de 1710,14 μmol equivalente trolox /g de hoja seca) y los extractos obtenidos con AS a menor temperatura presentaron mayores valores de AA.


Abstract After harvesting cherimoya fruit, the trees release huge amounts of leaves, which are burned by farmers. This work shows that the leaves can be used as a source of antioxidants. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of extracts of the dry leaf of Annona cherimola Mill in 70% v/v ethanol, water at 80 °C, subcritical water (SW) at 110 °C, 120 °C and 130 °C were determined, following a factorial design with the Minitab program. The TPC was quantified with the Folin Ciocalteu methodology, and the AA with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Results indicate that the type of solvent and the extraction time had a significant effect on the TPC and AA of the extracts. Extracts of cherimoya leaves were found to be a potential antioxidant. The extract of SW at 130 °C presented the highest content of TPC (5.6 g EAG/100 g dry leaves) and the ethanolic extract had the highest AA (0.86 mg trolox equivalent/mg dry extract, IC50 = 0.020 mg dry extract/mL extract of dry leaves and FRAP of 1710.14 μmol ET/g dry leaves) and the extracts obtained with SW at a lower temperature presented a higher AA value.


Resumo Depois da colheita da fruta Cherimoya, as árvores liberam grandes quantidades de folhas, que são queimadas pelos agricultores. Este trabalho mostra que as folhas podem ser usadas para nosso benefício como um antioxidante. Compostos fenólicos (FC) e a actividade antioxidante (AA) de extractos de folha seca Annona cherimola Mill em etanol a 70% v/v água a 80 °C, água subcrítica (AS) 110, 120, 130 °C, foram determinados seguindo um planejamento fatorial com o programa Minitab. Os FC foram quantificados com a metodologia Folin Ciocalteu; e a capacidade antioxidante (AA) com 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e poder antioxidante redutor de ferro (FRAP). Os resultados indicaram que o tipo de solvente e o tempo de extração tiveram um efeito significativo no conteúdo deCFeAA dos extratos. Conclui-se que o extracto de folha de cherimoya é um potencial antioxidante, o extracto de AS 130 °C tinha o maior conteúdo de CF (5,6 g EAG/100 g folha seca) e o extracto etanólico mostraram maior AA (0,86 mg equivalente Trolox/mg extrato seco, IC50 = 0,020 mg extrato seco/mL extracto de folha seca e FRAP de 1710,14 μmol ET/g folha seca). Os extratos obtido com AS a uma temperatura mais baixa apresentaram um maior valor de AA.

11.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 52: e20190101, 2019 Jul 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31340370

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is a disease caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) that mainly infects CD4 T cells-for example, those of the CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ [Treg] phenotype-where it inhibits forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression and promotes interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. However, the role it exerts on regulatory B cells (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi; Breg) is unknown. METHODS: The frequencies of Treg and Breg cells was evaluated and the Th1 profiles were assessed in TSP/HAM patients and healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Low percentages of Breg cells and high production of IFN-γ were observed in patients compared to those in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The low percentage of Breg cells in patients and the increase in the frequency of Th1 cells suggest an imbalance in the control of the inflammatory response that contributes to the immunopathogenesis of TSP/HAM.


Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Adolescent , B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology , Female , Humans , Male , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology , Viral Load
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20190101, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013318

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is a disease caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) that mainly infects CD4 T cells-for example, those of the CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ [Treg] phenotype-where it inhibits forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) expression and promotes interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression. However, the role it exerts on regulatory B cells (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi; Breg) is unknown. METHODS: The frequencies of Treg and Breg cells was evaluated and the Th1 profiles were assessed in TSP/HAM patients and healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Low percentages of Breg cells and high production of IFN-γ were observed in patients compared to those in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The low percentage of Breg cells in patients and the increase in the frequency of Th1 cells suggest an imbalance in the control of the inflammatory response that contributes to the immunopathogenesis of TSP/HAM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology , Viral Load , B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
13.
rev. cuid. (Bucaramanga. 2010) ; 10(3): e649, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1094645

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción En el presente siglo se evidencia un incremento de la enfermedad crónica no trasmisible a nivel mundial, los pacientes presentan patologías con mayor duración y complejidad generando dependencia, requiriendo de un cuidador en el hogar; necesitando contar con diferentes medios de apoyo para mejorar la competencia de cuidar. Objetivo Identificar los medios de apoyo que utiliza el cuidador familiar de paciente con patología crónica no trasmisible y su relación con el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidado. Materiales y Métodos Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, transversal y analítico, aplicando los instrumentos de "caracterización diada paciente-cuidador y la Encuesta de Percepción de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit". La población correspondió a 62 Diadas. Se calcularon OR en regresión logística. Resultados El 19.35% (12) de los cuidadores presentaban un nivel de sobrecarga intensa, el 20.97%(13) leve y el 59.68%(37) no tenían sobrecarga. Los cuidadores con sobrecarga intensa refieren 0% de apoyo psicológico y social. Las variables relevantes en el nivel de sobrecarga fueron las horas diarias de cuidado OR = 1.14 (IC 95%: 1.01; 1.33), a mayor nivel de conocimiento del computador disminuye la posibilidad de aumento en el nivel de sobrecarga con OR crudo= 0.14 (IC95%: 0.02; 0.91) y OR ajustado = 0.07 (IC95%: 0.007; 0.68). Discusión Es básico continuar indagando en aspectos que permitan disminuir la sobrecarga del cuidador, mantenerlo sano y en condiciones para su rol. Conclusiones Es necesario fortalecer los diferentes medios de apoyos en el cuidador familiar para disminuir el nivel de sobrecarga relacionada con su tarea.


Abstract Introduction An increase in chronic noncommunicable disease has been evidenced worldwide in this century; patients present with longer-lasting and more complex pathologies, generating dependence, requiring a caregiver at home; while different skills are required to improve care competencies. Objective To identify types of support used by the family caregivers of patients with chronic noncommunicable disease and their relation with the caregivers' burden. Materials and Methods Quantitative-approach, cross-sectional and analytical study, applying these tools: "Characterization of the patient-caregiver dyad and Caregiver's Zarit Burden Interview". The population comprised 62 dyads. OR were calculated in logistic regression. Results 19.35% (12) of caregivers showed an intense level of burden, 20.97% (13) showed a light burden, and 59.68% (37) had no burden. Caregivers with intense burden state there is 0% of psychological and social support. The relevant variables in the burden level were daily hours of care OR = 1.14 (CI 95%: 1.01; 1.33), the higher the level of knowledge of the computer, the lower the possibility of increase in the level of burden with raw OR= 0.14 (CI95%: 0.02; 0.91), and adjusted OR = 0.07 (CI 95%: 0.007; 0.68). Discussion It is critical to continue investigating aspects that will reduce the caregivers' burden, keep them healthy and under appropriate conditions to perform their role. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the different types of support for family caregivers to reduce the burden level related to their work.


Resumo Introdução No presente século, tem se evidenciado um aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no mundo inteiro e que os pacientes apresentam patologias com maior duração e complexidade, gerando dependência de um cuidador em casa ou de vários deles para melhorar a competência de cuidar. Objetivo Identificar os meios de apoio utilizados pelo cuidador familiar de pacientes com patologia crônica não transmissível e sua relação com o nível de sobrecarga do cuidador. Materiais e Métodos Estudo de tipo quantitativo, transversal e analítico, aplicando os instrumentos de "caracterização díade paciente-cuidador e a Sondagem de Percepção de Sobrecarga do Cuidador de Zarit". A população correspondeu a 62 díades. A razão de possibilidades (OR) foi calculada em regressão logística. Resultados 19,35% (12) dos cuidadores apresentaram sobrecarga intensa, 20,97% (13) leve e 59,68% (37) não apresentaram sobrecarga. Os cuidadores com sobrecarga intensa relatam apoio psicológico e social de 0%. As variáveis relevantes no nível de sobrecarga foram as horas diárias de cuidado OR = 1,14 (IC 95%: 1,01; 1,33), quanto maior o nível de conhecimento de informática diminui a possibilidade de aumento do nível de sobrecarga com OR bruto = 0,14 (IC 95%: 0,02; 0,91) e OR ajustado = 0,07 (IC95%: 0,007; 0,68). Discussão: É fundamental continuar estudando aspectos que permitam diminuir a sobrecarga do cuidador, mantê-lo saudável e apto para a execução do seu trabalho. Conclusões É necessário fortalecer as diferentes formas de apoio do cuidador familiar para reduzir o nível de sobrecarga relacionado à sua tarefa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Caregivers , Patients , Social Support
15.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 73(1): 20-22, ene.-mar. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-444237

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia, la infección y los trastornos hipertensivos que complican el embarazo son las causas mas frecuentes de muerte materna. Una de las complicaciones más graves de los trastornos hipertensivos de la embarazada, ocurre a nivel cerebral la que se manifiesta como edema, trombosis y hemorragia. Presentamos el caso de una primigesta de 20 años, cuyo embarazo se complicó con eclampsia, se le realizó cesárea de manera oportuna; sin embargo se deterioró en forma rápida, curso con hemorragia y muerte cerebral y desafortunadamente muere 48 horas después...


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Pregnancy Complications , Eclampsia , Cerebrovascular Disorders
16.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 73(1): 20-22, ene.-mar. 2005.
Article in Spanish | BIMENA | ID: bim-4857

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia, la infección y los trastornos hipertensivos que complican el embarazo son las causas mas frecuentes de muerte materna. Una de las complicaciones más graves de los trastornos hipertensivos de la embarazada, ocurre a nivel cerebral la que se manifiesta como edema, trombosis y hemorragia. Presentamos el caso de una primigesta de 20 años, cuyo embarazo se complicó con eclampsia, se le realizó cesárea de manera oportuna; sin embargo se deterioró en forma rápida, curso con hemorragia y muerte cerebral y desafortunadamente muere 48 horas después...(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Eclampsia/complications , Eclampsia/mortality , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications , Cerebrovascular Disorders/mortality
17.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 72(3): 142-44, jul.-sept. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-418461

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional se refiere a un espectro de anormalidades proliferativas relacionadas con el embarazo, cuya clasificación se basó durante muchos años en criterios histológicos e incluyó mola hidatiforme, mola invasora y coriocarcinoma. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 49 años, quien fue ingresada con diagnóstico de embarazo molar. Se encontró pruebas de tiroideas aumentadas anemia, hormona gonadotro-pina corionica humana de 115,132,000 miU/ ml. Se le realizó legrado biopsia que reportó mola hidatiforme, posteriormente se le realizó una histerectomía que reportó mola invasora: Se le inició quimioterapia con metrotexate y acido fólico


Subject(s)
Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive , Pregnancy Complications , Trophoblasts , Gestational Age , Curettage , Prenatal Care/methods
18.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 72(3): 142-44, jul-set, 2004.
Article in Spanish | BIMENA | ID: bim-4930

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional se refiere a un espectro de anormalidades proliferativas relacionadas con el embarazo, cuya clasificación se basó durante muchos años en criterios histológicos e incluyó mola hidatiforme, mola invasora y coriocarcinoma. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 49 años, quien fue ingresada con diagnóstico de embarazo molar. Se encontró pruebas de tiroideas aumentadas anemia, hormona gonadotro-pina corionica humana de 115,132,000 miU/ ml. Se le realizó legrado biopsia que reportó mola hidatiforme, posteriormente se le realizó una histerectomía que reportó mola invasora: Se le inició quimioterapia con metrotexate y acido fólico


Subject(s)
INFORME DE CASO , Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive/diagnosis , Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive/drug therapy , Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive/surgery , Gestational Age , Trophoblasts/pathology , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Prenatal Care/methods , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Curettage/methods
19.
In. Ordonez Plaja, Antonio; Ochoa Gonzalez, Gloria Helena; Paez Tavera, Helena. Situacion de la vejez en Colombia. Bogota, FES, 1990. p.27-30.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130348

ABSTRACT

Analiza la legislacion de Costa Rica, Peru, Cuba y Espana referente a la proteccion del anciano. En costa Rica la ley establece los lineamientos para la atencion integral del anciano en cuanto a programas preventivos de salud, integracion social y el fomento de la participacion de la comunidad en el cuidado. Asi mismo respalda la creacion de un fondo para los programas y servicios a esta poblacion y la formacion de personas para la atencion de ancianos. En Peru, se destaca el reordenamiento de politicas sobre prestaciones sociales mientras que en Cuba se apoya la creacion y desarrollo de intituciones para ancianos y la investigacion sobre la utilizacion del tiempo libre para orientar los programas. En Espana, se garantiza asistencia publica que complementa a la privada, prestaciones sociales individuales y colectivas y se estimula la creacion y desarrollo de centros de dia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Health Services for the Aged , Legislation
20.
In. Ordonez Plaja, Antonio; Ochoa Gonzalez, Gloria Helena; Paez Tavera, Helena. Situacion de la vejez en Colombia. Bogota, FES, 1990. p.31-6.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130349

ABSTRACT

Se propone al Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar como el organismo encargado del bienestar del anciano, en el nucleo familiar en 3 etapas: 1.- La adquisicion de las instituciones no hospitalarias de cuidado al anciano. 2.- El establecimiento de las estrategias que orientan la prestacion de los servicios. 3.- la coordinacion de las acciones de atencion de salud al anciano. En segundo lugarse plantean las politicas de servicio al anciano: equidad en el acceso; integralidad en la atencion, la reivindicacion social como persona, el enfoque hacia los aspectos sociales y la oportunidad de participar en las desiciones que los afectan. Como estrategia, implementar estas politicas, se proponen la obtencion de cambio de actitud, la mejoria de las condiciones de vida y la participacion del anciano en la toma de desiciones. Se enfatiza el papel de la familia como nucleo de cuidado preventivo, educativo, complementado con instituciones para el cuidado de ancianos dependientes o invalidos, centros de cuidado diurno, hospitales de tregua y redes de apoyo domiciliario y extra familiar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration
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