ABSTRACT
The natural infection of sand flies by Leishmania was investigated in Andean areas located between the Central and Eastern Cordilleras of northern Peru where cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana is endemic. Sand flies were captured at five locations along the Utcubamba River in the Department of Amazonas, and morphologically identified under a microscope. Among 422 female sand flies dissected, the most dominant species was Pintomyia verrucarum (320 flies), followed by Pi. maranonensis (83 flies), Pi. robusta (13 flies), and Lutzomyia castanea (6 flies). Genetic analysis of sand flies from these areas together with those from other areas revealed that individuals of Pi. verrucarum were closely related regardless of morphological variation of their spermathecae. On the other hand, individuals of Pi. maranonensis collected in the study area were distant from those of other areas with genetic distances over the intraspecific level but mostly below the interspecific level, suggesting the unique characteristics of sand flies in this area. The natural infection of sand flies by flagellate parasites was detected mainly in the hindgut of each one of Pi. verrucarum and Pi. maranonensis. Both parasite species were identified as L. (V.) peruviana based on cytochrome b and mannose phosphate isomerase gene analyses. In addition, parasite species obtained from the lesion of a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area in this period was identified as L. (V.) peruviana. These results strongly suggest that Pi. verrucarum and Pi. maranonensis are responsible for the transmission of L. (V.) peruviana in these areas. This is the first report of the natural infection of Pi. maranonensis by L. (V.) peruviana.
Subject(s)
Leishmania/classification , Leishmania/genetics , Psychodidae/parasitology , Animals , Female , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Peru , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Determinar la respuesta al tratamiento con Estibogluconato Sódico en población indígena y mestiza con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis cutánea según ciclo de tratamiento, sexo y etapa de vida, pertenecientes a las Microredes Nieva, Galilea, Tingo y Pedro Ruiz Gallo de la Región Amazonas del 2014 2018, en Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte longitudinal, teniendo como universo muestral 559 fichas de pacientes; el método fue inductivo, técnica análisis de datos y el instrumento fue la ficha de registro de datos. Resultados: En la población indígena el 98,1% respondió al tratamiento con primer ciclo de Estibogluconato Sódico y en la población mestiza fue el 94%, los demás pacientes respondieron con segundo ciclo de tratamiento; asimismo del total de pacientes mestizos, el 47,5% fue femenino y de la población indígena el 70,4% fue masculino (p=0,000); de las etapas de vida más afectadas con segundo ciclo de tratamiento fueron la adulta 50% (población indígena) y en la etapa niño 11,2% (población mestiza). Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de los pacientes presentaron una respuesta adecuada (curaron con el primer ciclo de tratamiento) al Estibogluconato Sódico en ambas poblaciones asimismo las etapas de vida más afectadas fueron la adultez y la niñez
Objetive. To determine the response to treatment with Sodium Stibogluconate in indigenous and mestizo population with diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis according to treatment cycle, sex and life stage, belonging to the Microredes Nieva, Galilea, Tingo and Pedro Ruiz Gallo of the Amazon Region of 2014 - 2018, in Pe r u . M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s : D e s c r i p t i v e , retrospective, longitudinal-sectional study, having as sample universe 559 patient records; the method was inductive, technical data analysis and the instrument was the data record. Results: In the indigenous population, 98.1% responded to the treatment with the first cycle of Sodium Stibogluconate and in the mestizo population it was 94%, the other patients responded with the second treatment cycle; also of the total mestizo patients, 47.5% were female and 70.4% of the indigenous population were male (p=0,000); of the most affected life stages with the second cycle of treatment were the adult 50% (indigenous population) and in the child stage 11.2% (mestizo population). Conclusion: The highest percentage of the patients presented an adequate response (they cured with the first cycle of treatment) to Sodium Stibogluconate in both populations also the most affected life stages were adulthood and childhood
