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1.
Theor Appl Genet ; 136(4): 72, 2023 Mar 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36952017

ABSTRACT

KEY MESSAGE: Here, we provide an updated set of guidelines for naming genes in wheat that has been endorsed by the wheat research community. The last decade has seen a proliferation in genomic resources for wheat, including reference- and pan-genome assemblies with gene annotations, which provide new opportunities to detect, characterise, and describe genes that influence traits of interest. The expansion of genetic information has supported growth of the wheat research community and catalysed strong interest in the genes that control agronomically important traits, such as yield, pathogen resistance, grain quality, and abiotic stress tolerance. To accommodate these developments, we present an updated set of guidelines for gene nomenclature in wheat. These guidelines can be used to describe loci identified based on morphological or phenotypic features or to name genes based on sequence information, such as similarity to genes characterised in other species or the biochemical properties of the encoded protein. The updated guidelines provide a flexible system that is not overly prescriptive but provides structure and a common framework for naming genes in wheat, which may be extended to related cereal species. We propose these guidelines be used henceforth by the wheat research community to facilitate integration of data from independent studies and allow broader and more efficient use of text and data mining approaches, which will ultimately help further accelerate wheat research and breeding.


Subject(s)
Plant Breeding , Triticum , Triticum/genetics , Phenotype , Genes, Plant , Edible Grain/genetics
2.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 26(11): 1313-1320, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26634957

ABSTRACT

To determine the influence of androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms on fat mass and maximal fat oxidation (MFO), CAG and GGN repeat lengths were measured in 128 young boys, from which longitudinal data were obtained in 45 of them [mean ± SD: 12.8 ± 3.6 years old at recruitment, and 27.0 ± 4.8 years old at adult age]. Subjects were grouped as CAG short (CAGS ) if harboring repeat lengths ≤ 21, the rest as CAG long (CAGL ); and GGN short (GGNS ) if GGN repeat lengths ≤ 23, or long if > 23 (GGNL ). CAGS and GGNS were associated with lower adiposity than CAGL or GGNL (P < 0.05). There was an association between the logarithm of CAG repeats polymorphism and the changes of body mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). At adult age, CAGS men showed lower accumulation of total body and trunk fat mass, and lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) and MFO per kg of total lean mass compared with CAGL (P < 0.05). GGNS men also showed lower percentage of body fat (P < 0.05). In summary, androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms are associated with RMR, MFO, fat mass, and its regional distribution in healthy male adolescents, influencing fat accumulation from adolescence to adult age.


Subject(s)
Adiposity/genetics , Basal Metabolism/genetics , Receptors, Androgen/genetics , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adolescent , Adult , Body Composition/genetics , Body Fat Distribution , Calorimetry, Indirect , Child , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Physical Fitness , Polymorphism, Genetic , Young Adult
3.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 133(3): 937-47, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22094936

ABSTRACT

For patients with metastatic breast cancer, we previously described that increased EZH2 expression levels were associated with an adverse outcome to tamoxifen therapy. Main objective of the present study is to investigate miR-26a and miR-101 levels, which both target EZH2, for their association with molecular pathways and with efficacy of tamoxifen as first-line monotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Expression levels were measured using quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in primary breast cancer specimens of 235 estrogen receptor-α (ER)-positive patients. Pathway analysis was performed on microarray data available for 65 of these tumors. Logistic regression and Cox uni- and multivariate analysis were performed to relate expression levels with clinical benefit and time to progression (TTP). Increasing levels of miR-26a were significantly (P < 0.005) associated with both clinical benefit and prolonged TTP, whereas miR-101 was not. Cell cycle regulation and CCNE1 and CDC2 were the only significant overlapping pathway and genes differentially expressed between tumors with high and low levels of miR-26a and EZH2, respectively. In addition, increasing mRNA levels of CCNE1 (P < 0.05) and CDC2 (P < 0.001) were related to poor outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed miR-26a and CDC2 as an optimal set of markers associated with outcome on tamoxifen therapy, independently of traditional predictive factors. To summarize, only miR-26a levels are related with treatment outcome. Cell cycle regulation is the only overlapping pathway linked to miR-26a and EZH2 levels. Low mRNA levels of EZH2, CCNE1, and CDC2, and high levels of miR-26a are associated with favorable outcome on tamoxifen.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cyclin B/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use , Transcription Factors/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , CDC2 Protein Kinase , Cyclin E/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases , Disease Progression , Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 , Signal Transduction , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
4.
Nat Prod Res ; 23(1): 51-9, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18989825

ABSTRACT

Leaf fractions of Wilbrandia ebracteata were investigated for anti-ulcerogenic effects in ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer assays in mice. Protective anti-ulcer effects were detected only in the ethanol-induced ulcer assay effects after pre-treatment with MeOH extract, MeOH chlorophyll-free, chlorophyll residue, HEX, DCM, aqueous MeOH fraction, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions. A potent anti-ulcerogenic effect was determined after pre-treatment of animals with EtOAc fraction, which was fractionated for isolation of active constituents. Seven flavonoids, 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexahydroxyflavonol, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, luteolin, 6-methoxi-luteolin were isolated from the leaves of W. ebracteata (Cucurbitaceae) by chromatographic methods and identified by their spectral data. The data suggest that flavonoids are active anti-ulcerogenic compounds from leaves of W. ebracteata. The ability of scavenging free radicals was evaluated by DPPH reduction assay by TLC of flavonoids isolated.


Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Cucurbitaceae/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Administration, Oral , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Biphenyl Compounds , Brazil , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/therapeutic use , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Mice , Picrates/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy
5.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 77(1): 41-7, 2001 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11483377

ABSTRACT

Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae), Sorocea bomplandii (Moraceae) and Zolernia ilicifolia (Fabaceae) are native plants from the Tropical Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica, Brazil) known as "espinheira-santa". These plants are traditionally used as analgesic and antiulcerogenic medicine, with the same traditional uses of the true "espinheira-santa" (Maytenus ilicifolia, Celastraceae), an efficient antiulcerogenic agent. Pharmacological and toxicological studies with these plants have not been carried out. The purpose in this study was to evaluate the efficacy (analgesic and antiulcerogenic activities), safety (acute toxicity) and quality (phytochemical profile) of these three plants. The analgesic effect was analyzed by writhing and tail flick tests, while antiulcerogenic effect was performed through ulcer induction by ethanol and indomethacin/bethanecol assays. LD(50) and acute toxic effects, as well as phytochemical profiles of all plants also were carried. Surprisingly, the three plants showed analgesic and antiulcerogenic effects at dose of 1000 mg/kg, v.o. Maytenus aquifolium lowering all ulcerogenic parameters (ethanol test), but increased the ulcerogenic effects in the indomethacin/bethanecol test. Sorocea bomplandii produced antiulcerogenic effects in both experimental models used, while Zolernia ilicifolia showed significant effects only in indomethacin/bethanecol-induced gastric lesions. Pre-treatment with Zolernia ilicifolia induced someone toxic effects. A phytochemical profile for each plant species was determined and its main chemical classes of compounds were described.


Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Analgesics/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/chemistry , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Indomethacin , Male , Medicine, Traditional , Mice , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Toxicity Tests, Acute
6.
Ann Oncol ; 3(7): 545-7, 1992 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1498075

ABSTRACT

Fifty-five women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with carboplatin (CBDCA), 55 mg/m2 i.v. bolus, daily for 3 days, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 900 mg/m2, (max. dose 1,500 mg/day in 24-h infusion (Travenol system) daily for 3 days, and mitoxantrone (DHAD) 8 mg/m2, i.v. bolus on day 1. Cycles were administered every 5 weeks. Objective responses were observed in 25 (44%) patients (95% confidence interval: 28%-60%) with a median duration of remission of 11.5+ months (range 6.5(+)-31+). Toxicity was mild. These results reflect the fact that combination of CBDCA, 5-FU and DHAD is effective and very well tolerated as an outpatient regimen.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Drug Evaluation , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Humans , Middle Aged , Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage , Neoplasm Metastasis
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