Inequality on the frontline: A multi-country study on gender differences in mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, with prior data suggesting women may be particularly vulnerable. Our global mental health study aimed to examine factors associated with gender differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms among HCWs during COVID-19. Across 22 countries in South America, Europe, Asia and Africa, 32,410 HCWs participated in the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study between March 2020 and February 2021. They completed the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and questions about pandemic-relevant exposures. Consistently across countries, women reported elevated mental health problems compared to men. Women also reported increased COVID-19-relevant stressors, including insufficient personal protective equipment and less support from colleagues, while men reported increased contact with COVID-19 patients. At the country level, HCWs in countries with higher gender inequality reported less mental health problems. Higher COVID-19 mortality rates were associated with increased psychological distress merely among women. Our findings suggest that among HCWs, women may have been disproportionately exposed to COVID-19-relevant stressors at the individual and country level. This highlights the importance of considering gender in emergency response efforts to safeguard women's well-being and ensure healthcare system preparedness during future public health crises.

Clinical correlates for immune checkpoint therapy: significance for CNS malignancies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Most commonly, inhibitors of PD-1 and CTLA4 are used having received approval for the treatment of many cancers like melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and leukemia. In contrast, to date, clinical studies conducted in patients with CNS malignancies have not demonstrated promising results. However, patients with CNS malignancies have several underlying factors such as treatment with supportive medications like corticosteroids and cancer therapies including radiation and chemotherapy that may negatively impact response to ICIs. Although many clinical trials have been conducted with ICIs, measures that reproducibly and reliably indicate that treatment has evoked an effective immune response have not been fully developed. In this article, we will review the history of ICI therapy and the correlative biology that has been performed in the clinical trials testing these therapies in different cancers. It is our aim to help provide an overview of the assays that may be used to gauge immunologic response. This may be particularly germane for CNS tumors, where there is currently a great need for predictive biomarkers that will allow for the selection of patients with the highest likelihood of responding.

Buena respuesta al tratamiento quirúrgico y micofenolato en mujer con pseudotumor inflamatorio secundario a vasculitis ANCA positivo / Good response to surgical treatment and mycophenolate in woman with inflammatory pseudotumor secondary to ANCCA positive vasculitis

Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven con vasculitis ANCA positivo y pseudotumor inflamatorio como manifestación granulomatosa, que cursó con buena repuesta a la exéresis quirúrgica y micofenolato mofetilo (AU)

We present the case of a young woman with ANCA positive vasculitis and inflammatory pseudotumor as a granulomatous manifestation, who had a good response to surgical removal and mycophenolate mofetil (AU)

Good response to surgical treatment and mycophenolate in woman with inflammatory pseudotunor secondary to ANCA positive vasculitis.

We present the case of a young woman with ANCA positive vasculitis and infammatory pseudotumor as a granulomatous manifestation, who had a good response to surgical removal and mycophenolate mofetil.